AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY

pp. 4-9

GALEGA ORIENTALIS IS THE CROP OF THE 21ST CENTURY

Iu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
L. V. Falaleeva, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Ia. V. Subbotina, Cand. Agr. Sci, Associate Professor
M. A. Nechunaev, Post-Graduate Student
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
The generalized results of thirty-five year work on cultivation and studying of Galega orientalis in the Ural region are provided. Uniqueness of this plant lies in the capability of long, more than 10-15 years of fructification, excellent food value, generous productivity, capability to create vegetative weight after a snow descent (on May 15-20) that even before winter rye, and to receive the first full-fledged hay crop of green material for the 60th day. Maturing of seeds to harvest ripeness occurs for the 100-110th day (the end of July — the beginning of August). Studying of Galega orientalis in the Urals happened in two stages. More detailed studying and development of developed acceptances of an agro-technique of Galega orientalis for the fodder purposes taking into account bioclimatic resources of the Middle Preduralie was begun at the Department of Crop Production of the Perm State Agricultural Academy in cooperation with scientists of Estonia. In case of cultivation of Galega orientalis and grass mixtures on its basis, productivity of green material on average for eight years of use of herbages varied from 21.2 t/ha – in herbage galega orientalis + lucerne, to 25.3 t/ha – in the mixed crops of galega orientalis with awnless brome against the background of PK+N45. The highest collection of solid is received in the first three years of use in the mixed herbages of Galega orientalis with cereal herbs – 6.04-6.77 t/ha. Now Galega orientalis in Permskii krai occupy about 50 thousand hectares, and it means that it found its place along with clover and other long-term herbs in a grass wedge of each of 32 areas.
Keywords: galega orientalis, an introduction, highly productive crops, seed productivity, long-term herbs.

pp.10-15

MODERN TRENDS IN TILLAGE AND PLANT PROTECTION:
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PERMSKII KRAI

Iu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614900 Russia
E-mail: zubarev@parmail.ru

ABSTRACT
Comparative assessment of complexes of conventional tillage and new no-tillage, minimal, combined, chisel tillage techniques, single-furrow cultured and flat tillage, including embedding straw into soil, was conducted using field investigations and production inspections at the General Agriculture and Plant Protection Department in 2007-2016. The investigations on the issues of new trends in the tillage systems and plant protection of crops in the Ural region were analyzed. Along with traditional fighting measures against weed we propose rational pre-seeding tillage techniques with application of effective growth stimulators for spring wheat plant induction, herbicides of new generation in combination with nitrogen fertilizer and achieving economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH) for sowing contamination level. A wide range of pesticides and agrochemicals implements the concept of their minimal hazard for human, management of harmful objects taking into account ETH, preserving useful organisms and environment objects, use of means that increase plants resistance to harmful organisms. At the modern stage of agriculture development, introduction of arable lands into agricultural turnover, choice of better tillage technique based on landscape adaptability principles according to climatic conditions of the region are still important tasks of agrarian industry.
Key words: tillage technique, economic threshold of harmfulness, plant protection, management of harmful objects.

pp. 15-20

INCREASE OF CROP PRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY

S. L. Eliseev, Dr. Agr. Sci.,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: psaa-eliseev@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper contains the data on the evaluation of sustainability of grain crops gross harvest and yield in time by example of Preduralie region of the Russian Federation. Influence of adaptive grain crops growing techniques on this figure was studied in three field experiments in single- and mixed-crop sowings in 2005-2015. Sustainability of yield was estimated by the figure “yield range” (d). The experiments were laid down on middle cultivated soils with 50-74 scores of quality class, under contrast hydro-thermal conditions. Response of winter grain crops to the term of single-phase harvest was revealed. Its optimal durability for winter rye constituted three days, for winter wheat – six days starting since the third day after reaching 30% grain moisture. At optimal term of harvest, the yield range was 4-16% lower. Different response of oats varieties to studied agrotechniques was revealed as well. The highest yield of Dens oats variety formed at its growing upon meadow clover and winter rye with sowing rate 6 Mio/ha, Konkur variety – upon winter rye with sowing rate 5 and 6 Mio/ha. At adaptive technology parameters the yield sustainability of oats varieties was 2-5% higher. Unlike the introduction of adaptive growing technologies, increase in crops and varieties in the structure of sowing areas does not lead to the growth of average yield sustainability of grain crops. It was revealed, that growing of barley in the mixture with pea leads to the increase of yield and its sustainability by 3-5% in years in comparison with single-crop sowing components. The mixtures of oats with pea and vetch, barley with vetch do not provide the growth of value and yield sustainability.
Key words: grain crops, adaptive technology, yield, yield range.

pp. 20-26

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RADIAL GROWTH
OF ELDAR PINE (PINUS ELDARICA MEDW.) IN THE NATURAL GROWTH HABITAT AND SILVA CULTURE

Z. A. Ibragimov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
E. A. Musaeva, Post-Graduate Student,
Ecology and Forestry Department
Azerbaijan State Agricultural University
262, Ataturk Avenue, Ganja city, Republic of Azerbaijan, Az 2000
E-mail: za.ibrahim-ecoforest.az@ramblr.ru

ABSTRACT
Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) is an endemic relic of the Tertiary period. In its natural form it preserved only on the Ellyar Oyugu ridge in Azerbaijan. Among all species of pine stands it is distinguished by high drought and heat resistance. The climate of the Ellyar-Oyugu range is extremely arid. The average annual precipitation does not exceed 130-140 mm, in the summer for 3-4 months there is almost no rainfall. In extreme site conditions, Eldar pine grove is characterized by a very slow growth. To clarify the question whether growth in the value of the natural forest in the apex of the biological potential is the genetic feature of Eldar pine and to assess the ecological plasticity in a changing silva culture conditions we studied and evaluated radial growth in the natural growth habitat and silva culture. Silva culture was examined in the three administrative regions of the republic (Yevlakh, Shamkhir and Tovuz) and featured on a set of site conditions. In 19 samples of model trees wood auger age (HAGLOF) and defined parameters meter core samples were taken (CORIM MAXI). Analysis and evaluation of the parameters of the cores showed that in the conditions of natural growth habitat from 300 years oldest pine tree radial growth varies between 0.19 — 3.59 mm. Average annual radial increment is 0.716 mm (0,72 ± 0,2925 mm). The radial growth of pine trees in silva cultures 8.8-6.5 times higher than the natural growth habitat. Weak growth in the xerothermic conditions of the natural habitat is not a genetic trait and does not characterize the top of Eldar pine biological potential. This relict species over millions of years has developed adaptive ability to grow in extreme xerotermic conditions. Being environmentally friendly flexible species is responsive to improved soil conditions and moisture content.
Key words: Eldar pine, model tree, age-drill, core, radial growth.

pp. 27-30

CHANGE IN THE LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF PLANTS IN A FIELD WITH COMPLEX RELIEF

R. R. Ismagilov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,
Bashkir State Agrarian University,
34, 50-letie years Oktyabrya St., Ufa, 450001 Russia
E-mail: ismagilovr_bsau@mail.ru
R. R. Abdulvaleev, Сand. Agr. Sci.,
Aksenovskii College of Agriculture
14b, Mira St., s. Kim, Alsheevskii District, Republic Bashkortostan 452135 Russia
Е-mail: acxt@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The level of mineral nutrition of plants and its change in the field with complex relief was studied in Republic of Bashkortostan in 2003-2014. For the characteristic of the studied area of fields at training and research center of Aksenovskii College of Agriculture we conducted the topographic survey of fields by means of the tachymeter Торсоn GTS-236N, scale 1:2000 with vertical intervalс 1.0 m. The survey was conducted by polar method, the distance from the electronic tachymeter to the piquets and horizontal position from the point of survey base to the piquets was measured by laser range-finder. Agrochemical analysis of soil was carried out at the Boichemical Analysis and Biotechnology Laboratory of the Bashkir State Agrarian University. Content of mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium in soil was determined by Chirikov’s method (GОSТ 26204-91) and of humus – by Tiurin’s (GOST 26213-91). It was revealed that the topography determines to a significant extent the distribution of mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium in arable soil layer. The change in the content of phosphorus in the soil on the slopes of different expositions is different. The highest phosphorus content is in the soil the upper part of the northern slope and lowest is on the slope with southern exposure. In the middle and lower parts of the southern slope, on the contrary, the phosphorus content in the soil is the highest. Change in the content of exchange potassium in arable soil layer on the different elements of the relief is less pronounced than the phosphorus content. The highest potassium content observed in the middle part of the southern slope and the lowest contents in the middle portion of the northern slope. The difference in the potassium content in different parts of northern, western and eastern slopes are relatively small. The heterogeneity of the level of mineral nutrition of plants on the different elements of the relief is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. Specified The variability of the content of mineral nutrients on fields with complex topography should be taking into account for the placement and development of technology of cultivation of field crops.
Key words: topography, soil, mineral nutrition, phosphorus, potassium.

pp. 31-34

INFLUENCE OF SEEDING RATES, PLANTING DATES AND DOSES
OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN

M. M. Ismailov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
V. G. Verdieva, Master’s Degree Student,
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University,
262, Ataturk Avenue, Ganja, Azerbaijan Republic, Az 2000
E-mail: vefa_675@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The conducted studies revealed the effect of seeding rates, planting dates and doses of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. The studies were conducted in the area of training and experimental farm of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. The purpose of research involved identifying the optimal timing of planting, seeding rates under different doses of nitrogen nutrition of winter durum wheat varieties Shire Aslan 23. The influence of the studied factors on the yield and quality of grain was revealed. It is proved that the development of adaptive technology for new varieties of hard winter wheat based on times of crop, seeding rates, fertilizer use are the most important link in the technology of cultivation of hard winter wheat. The experimental setup consisted of three seeding rates: 3.5; 4.0 and 4.5 million of germinated seeds per hectare at three sowing dates. The optimum seeding rate for varieties of durum wheat Shire Aslan 23 on the test site, the amount
of 4 million seeds / ha at early and intermediate sowing dates; 4.5-5 million/ ha at later dates, with the introduction of 3-nitrogen fertilizing on R90K60 background providing high yields of grain and protein harverst per hectare. Optimum total nitrogen intake is 90 kg per hectare.
Key words: hard wheat, sowing time, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer, crop yields, protein content, protein collection.

pp. 35-41

AFTEREFFECT OF AMELIORATIVE ADDITIVES ON CONTAMINATED
WITH CADMIUM SOILS PROPERTIES, BARLEY YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY

A. V. Lozhkin, Cand. Agr.Sci.
A. V. Lednev, Dr.Agr.Sci.
Udmurt Agriculture Research Institute
1, Lenina St., Pervomaiskii, Zavialovskii District, Udmurt Republic 427007 Russia
E-mail: av-lednev@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The results of fifth year observations on the soil remediation process, contaminated with cadmium, in conditions of field small-plot experience, which was carried out in the Udmurt Republic, are presented in the paper. The purpose of the research was to study the aftereffect of ameliorative additives on reproduction of fertility of sod-podzolic loamy soils contaminated with cadmium, the degree of its mobility, yield and environmental safety of cultivated crops. Different doses of the fertilizers and ameliorants were studies ss ameliorative additives in the experience: limestone and phosphate powder, superphosphate, sodium sulfide, peat and zeolite. It was established, that they all had quite a long aftereffect (at least five years) on the properties of soil contaminated with cadmium, increased productivity and reduced pollutant content in the grain. Character and impact parameters were determined by the chemical composition and dose of making ameliorative additives. In the fifth year of observing the most significant aftereffect had both doses of limestone powder (reduced soil acidity by 0.6-1.5 pH units, cadmium mobility in soil by 29-33% and its amount in barley grain for 50.0-56.8%, increased the amount of exchange bases by 4.8-9.4 mmol / 100 g, and the yield of grain by 8.6-12.7%). The remaining ameliorative additives, even though they had less expressed aftereffect on the soil properties, but enough effectively reduced biological absorption of cadmium by barley (at 16-55%), which allowed, in most cases, receiving the environmentally safe products on the contaminated soils. All of this confirms the prospects of their use as ameliorants for the remediation of soils contaminated with this heavy metal.
Key words: heavy metal, cadmium, remediation, ameliorative additives, agrochemical indicators, barley.

pp. 41-47

FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE PLANTING OF STREETS WITH MULTISTORIED BUILDING IN THE TOWN OF NIZHNYAYA SALDA, SVERDLOVSK REGION

S. N. Luganskaya, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor;
S. V. Vishnyakova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor;
L. I. Atkina, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
L. V. Bulatova, Post-graduate Student; G. S. Ulyanova, Master’s Degree Student
Ural State Forest Engineering University
37, Sibirskii trakt St., Yekaterinburg, 620100 Russia
E-mail: sve-luganskaya@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
Landscape planting has features in small towns; it changes with the advent of new well-planned residential districts. The principles of urban landscape planting, depending on the type of building were studied on example of the town of Nizhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk region. Also the assessment of planting condition was carried out. For comparison, the materials about historical part of the town of Nizhnyaya Salda and two towns of the Sverdlovsk region were used. Research was conducted in the neighborhood of multistoried building with an area of 0.7 km2. The analysis of the three main streets 2.6 km long was performed. 1,309 plants, including 872 trees and 437 shrubs were surveyed. Placement of trees was in lines, plant spacing 4-5 m, on the average 160-170 plants per 1000 m, which corresponds to the recommended standards. The basis of street landscape planting is 5-7 species (birch, maple, linden, poplar, pea shrub), the others grow in small quantities, and they are placed randomly or in small groups. The vertical structure of stands was multistoried, trees of the first and the second height prevailed. We noted the dominance of trees on bushes, compared with the historical part of the town. About 40% of street plantings were in good condition. Deterioration of the state is connected with considerable tree age (more than 60 years), biological features (young growth, fragility of branches) and growth conditions (influence of communications). Characteristic feature of small towns is the formation of quiet shady streets due to the high vertical density and mixed plantings. However, with the advent of multistoried building and increase of the town, this image is being lost, species diversity is reduced, that was confirmed with research in the city of Yekaterinburg and in the town of Polevskoy, the Sverdlovsk region. Development of landscape planting concept for the period of future building, the correct selection of the assortment and its location, taking into account city planning standards allows giving to the streets of the town a classical look, but at the same time it often leads to identity loss.
Key words: small towns, inventory, analysis of landscape planting, street planting, planting structure, sanitary condition.

pp. 48-55

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT INTENSIFICATION LEVELS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT

M. M. Sabitov, Сand. Agr. Sci.
Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture
19, Institutskaya St., village Timiryazevsky, Ulyanovsky district, Ulyanovskaia oblast 433315 Russia
E-mail: m_sabitov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Technology of cultivation of spring wheat after winter wheat on a pure fallow using domestic agricultural machinery and cultivars of local selection was studied. Extensive technology focused on the use of natural background soil fertility, including tillage without the use of fertilizers and plant protection products. Normal technology includes soil tillage with application of starter doses of fertilizer and low plant protection from weeds and diseases. The intensive technology is designed for obtaining the planned yield with high quality grains and the use of an integrated system of plant protection, using domestic technology. The technology used for spring wheat allow providing a favorable water-air and nutrient regimes of the soil, as well as to optimally combine fertilizers and plant protection products under different methods of primary tillage. Therefore, the actual intensification level of Agrotech technologies in the farms can be selected depending on resource and production potential of the producers. The highest yield of spring wheat is marked by the system of ploughing with a maintenance dose of fertilizers and integrated plant protection of 3.28 t/ha, yield of grain on this option amounted to the absolute control of 1.16 t/ha. This gave positive effect of fertilizers and means of protection. The energy assessment showed that the use of plant protection products increased the costs of the total energies between 1.47-43.53 thousand MJ/ha in relation to the embodiment without means of protection. The number of stored energy from the main and by-products increased by 3.7-18.4%. The highest energy efficiency ratio was 6.63 with the use of intensive technology along with differentially-minimized tillage without fertilizers and incidental protection of plants from weeds.
Key words: technology, tillage, water stability, the addition of soil moisture reserves, biological activity, weed infestation, yield, efficiency.

pp. 55-60

INFLUENCE OF FALLOW TYPE AND NUTRITION BACKGROUND
ON SOWINGS CONTAMINATION AND CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVITY

D. S. Fomin, Cand. Agr. Sci.
V. R. Iamaltdinova, Cand.Agr. Sci.
I. S. Teterlev,
Perm Agriculture Research Institute
12, Kultury St., Lobanovo, Permskii krai 614532 Russia
E-mail: pniis h@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT
Influence of fallow and nutrition background on grain crop sowings contamination and crop rotation productivity was studied in the experimental field of the Perm Agriculture Research Institute in a long-term stationary experiment. The field experiment was laid down on sod-fine podzolic heavy-loamy soil with 2% of humus content, with high supply of phosphorus and potassium. The investigations were conducted in 2008-2014 in field crop rotation (the crop rotation scheme: 1 – fallow, 2 – winter rye, 3 – wheat with reseeding of clover, 4 – clover of 1st year of use, 5 – clover of 2nd year of use, 6 – barley, 7 – oats) with different kinds of fallow: black fallow (control), cropped fallow (clover of 1st year of use), green fallow (clover of 1st year of use), cropped fallow (melilot of 2nd year of life), green fallow (melilot of 2nd year of life). The crops were studied in the following backgrounds of mineral nutrition: no fertilizer, N60, P30K60, N60P30K60. Agrotechnique in the experiment complies with the scientific system of agriculture recommended for Permskii krai. Counting of crop yield was conducted with the total method. To fight against weed, Herbitox, water-soluble concentrate in a dose 1 l/ha with the solution consumption 250-300 l/ha was used. Organic fertilizers were introduced in black fallow in a dose of 40 t/ha. Meteorological conditions of vegetation periods in the investigated years were different. It was established, that in field grain-grass seven-field crop rotations it is better to use cropped or green fallow (clover, melilot) and two fields of perennial grasses. This provides arable land productivity not less than 2.3 thou. fodder unit/ha, and at introduction N60P30K60 – 2.6-3.0 thou. fodder unit/ha. Introduction of black fallow into the crop rotation supports total number of weed during the rotation within economic harmfulness threshold.
Keywords: crop rotation, mineral fertilizers, weeds, winter rye, oats, fallow types, crop rotation productivity.

pp. 61-65

THE IMPACT OF THE ESTIMATED DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
ON THE PLANNED YIELD OF GREEN MASS OF SUGAR SORGHUM SEVILLE UNDER DIFFERENT DATES OF SOWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN
FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF REPUBLIC BASHKORTOSTAN

М. М. Khaybullin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor; F. F. Avsakhov, Post-Graduate Student;
V.N. Miyanov, Post-Graduate Student; I.V. Araslanbaev, Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor,
Bashkir State Agrarian University
34, 50-letie Oktiabria St., Ufa, 450001 Russia
E-mail: dekan_agro@mail.ru, firdavis.avsakhov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
For the period 2014-2016 field experiments were carried out at the training and research center of the Bashkir State Agricultural University to estimate doses of mineral fertilizers on the planned harvest of green mass of sugar sorghum in the conditions of southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic Bashkortostan. Two-factor experiment was made according to the scheme: a factor A – background of fertilizers: A1 – without fertilizers; A2 – N85P37K39; a factor B – sowing date: B1 –May 15th, B2 – May 25th, B3 – June 5th. The total area of the plot is 108 sq.m, registrated – 50 sq.m, triple frequency.
The main and pre-seeding tillage was classical for the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Sowing of sorghum was carried out by CH-1.8 seeder with seeding rates of 1.82 million pieces/hectare, in rows at a depth of 4-5 cm. The studies revealed that for sweet sorghum, the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers should be determined taking into account the planned harvest of green mass. According to studies, sorghum sugar Seville, option 2 sowing date (65.0 t/ha), showed the highest yield of green mass. The dose of mineral fertilizers under the planned harvest N85P37K39 gave a yield increase 40.6 t/ha, which is 166.4 % in comparison with the control.
Key words: doses of mineral fertilizers, sweet sorghum, germination, safety, photosynthetic active radiation, leaf photosynthetic potential, dynamics of stand density, yield of green mass germination safety.

pp. 65-70

EFFICIENCY OF ASH APPLICATION AS THE PRODUCT OF THERMAL TREATMENT OF ORGANIC-CONTAINING WASTES TO FERTILIZE CROPS
ON SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS

D. V. Yakovlev, Postgraduate Student
T. Yu. Bortnik, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Ihevsk State Agricultural Academy
16, Kirova St., Izhevsk 426033, Udmurt Republic
E-mail: den.iakovlev@outlook.com, agrohim@izhgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
In 2013-2015 field experiments were conducted on sod-podzolic soils of the Udmurt Republic to study the application of ash from organic- containing wastes (bird droppings mixed with wood waste ash in ratio 1:0.5) as fertilizer for crops. Application doses are determined by application of phosphorus content in ash (P30, P60 and P90 to the active substance). Fertilizers were applied before seeding of barley in 2013. After harvesting of barley, the fertilizer was introduced repeatedly according to the same scheme. Flax was grown in 2014, in 2015 aftereffect of introduced fertilizers was studied in spring wheat with undersown clover. One-year experiment with barley was conducted in another plot on the same scheme. Mineral fertilizers were also applied in similar doses for comparison. In the third year after application of ash, the positive influence was determined on content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil; significant increase of 12-20 mg / kg and 22 mg / kg, respectively compared to control. Changes in soil acidity under the influence of ash were not essential. From the ash application significant productivity gain was produced — barley grain within 0.15-0.49 t / ha and straw of fiber-flax within 0.14-0.69 t / ha, which was not lower than the efficiency of the mixture of unilateral fertilizers. Aftereffects of ash on the yield of spring wheat have not been identified.
Key words: organic-containing wastes, utilization, bird droppings, waste wood, ash, yield, barley, fiber-flax, spring wheat, sod-podzolic soils, agrochemical figures.

AGRO-ENGINEERING

pp. 71-76

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WINTER RYE MOISTENED CRUMB

E. V. Pepelyaeva; N. V. Trutnev, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990 Russia
E-mail: pepeliaeva.ev@ya.ru
E. V. Slavnov, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor
Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of RAS Ural branch
1, Akademika Koroleva St., Perm 614013 Russia

ABSTRACT
The quality of the feed produced by the extrusion process is affected by technological parameters, properties of the processed material and the regularities of their changes in the process. The paper describes method and installation, which can be used to determine the rheological properties of the moistened crumb of winter rye grain. The experimental setup was developed at the laboratory of the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics RAS UB together with the staff of the Perm State Agricultural Academy and is protected by the patent. In the process of extrusion the product is under effect of shear, pressure and elevated temperatures. The unit allows simulating the physical and mechanical action exerted on the material during extrusion. The temperature is determined by the thermostating of the shift — frequency of rotation of the lower disc and the clearance between the disks,pressure, magnitude of the preload of the sample by moving the upper disk in vertical direction. It is also possible to set these impacts and the necessary humidity of product. The experimental setup is equipped with sensors, allowing a certain degree of accuracy to set and control the force on the upper plunger and move it, point on the lower plunger and the angular velocity of rotation, the temperature of the cylinder. Sensor readings every second are recorded in the memory of the PC and monitored on the monitor. The values obtained provide baseline data for determining the pressure in the working chamber, the effective shear rate and viscosity. As the test material used cracked corn winter rye humidity 23%, the temperature in the working chamber 130 º C. The effective shear rate was set in the range from 4.6 to 45.3 s-1 by adjusting the frequency of rotation of the lower disc and a specific mass of sample, affecting the distance between the disks at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The studies determined the dependence of the viscosity of the test material shear rate. Experimental studies characterize the properties of the moist crumb of winter rye (at a humidity of 23% and a temperature of 130 º C) as a nonlinear viscous fluid whose viscosity can be described by the exponential equation. The obtained results can be used for calculations and design of extruder machines.
Key words: extrusion, physical and mechanical action, winter rye, viscosity.

pp. 76-81

ASSORTING GRAIN HEAPS BY MEANS OF BLADED THROWER

S. N. Shukhanov, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor
Usolye-Sibirskoye branch of Irkutsk Research Technical University
65, Mendeleyev St., Usolye-Sibirskoye 665470 Irkutskaia oblast, Russia
E-mail: Shuhanov56@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
When handling the grain heaps arriving from the harvester and having the increased humidity and contamination, tape throwers are used. They combine preliminary purification, drying and chilling of grain with materials loading operations. It allows lowering considerably load of the machines used for further purification of material and, as a result, increasing their efficiency in respect of quality of handling and their performance. For conducting pilot studies of the bladed thrower the special ground with grain catching cells was made. As initial material grain heap of wheat variety Novosibrskaya-67 with average values of a contamination of 10%, humidity of 14%, mass of 1000 grains of 32 g, viabilities of 85% was used. Experiments were conducted in case of adjusting value of giving grain heaps of 5 t/h at speeds of tape of 10, 15 and 18 m/s. After carrying out experiment, content of each cell of the ground was analyzed. The analysis of experimental data showed the best separation of grain heaps into fractions: impurity, fodder and food grain. Bladed thrower allocates fraction of the purified food grain in number of 55.5-85.5% in case of various operating modes and can be used in flow lines.
Key words: preprocessing, grain, blade, thrower.

BOTANY AND SOIL SCIENCE

pp. 82-87

PRODUCTIVITY OF MISCANTHUS SORANOVSKI VARIETY
OF THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION AND SOIL RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY

S. Yu. Kapustyanchik, Cand. Bio.Sci.,
I. E. Lihenko, Dr. Agr. Sci.
Siberian Research Institute of Plant and Selection,
21, C-100 St., Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskaia oblast, 630501 Russia
E-mail: kapustjanchiksv@mail.ru, lihenko@mail.ru
A. A. Danilova, Dr.Bio.Sci.
Siberian Research Institute of Soil Management and Chemicalization of Agriculture,
Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskaia oblast, 630501 Russia
E-mail: danilova7alb@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
Important objective today is the search and development of alternative sources of energy, including biomass plants. Bioenergy crops are the main. They reduce the greenhouse effect because of the large growth of biomass and hinder soil erosion due to the root system spreading. Miscanthus is a promising bioenergy crop. It has higher productivity as compared with other types of perennial grasses. Miscanthus of Soranovsky variety is cultivated as a new technical culture at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics. It is included in the State Register of Selection Achievements. Studies of culture were performed in the forest steppe of Novosibirsk, Priobie region in 2015 on the Siberian Research Institute’s plant and selection fields on gray forest soils. Effect of various norms of planting Miscanthus rhizomes (1, 4, 2, 8, 4, 2 и 5, 6 t / ha) on morphological indicators and productivity of culture was studied. Comparative evaluation of the respiratory activity of the soil under the culture and fallow was conducted. Variation of norms of planting Miscanthus rhizomes affects the plant population of the first year of vegetation – the higher norms of rate of planting, the greater the of stalks in plantings. Links of norms of boarding with the plant height was not observed. Optimum rate of planting Miscanthus rhizomes was identified (2.8 t / ha). Miscanthus productivity was 4.0 t / ha in favorable hydrothermal conditions 2015. Carbon dioxide efflux from soil layer 0-20 cm was 15% higher in comparison with the fallow soil. This shows significant accumulation of organic matter in the soil even in the annual miscanthus. The data are preliminary and quantitative studies assessments will continue.
Key words: bioenergetics, miscanthus, rate of rhizomes planting, productivity, carbon dioxide efflux from soil, soil respiratory activity.

pp. 87-92

IMPACT OF LIME AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON CONTENT AND FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF HUMUS BALANCE IN SODDY-PODZOLIC SOILS OF THE EURO-NORTH-EAST

N. T. Chebotarev, Dr. Agr. Sci.; A. A. Yudin, Cand. Econ. Sci.; N. V. Bulatova
Agriculture Research Institute of the Republic of Komi
27, Rucheinaia St., Syktyvkar 167023 Russia
E-mail: audin@rambler.ru
A. V. Oblizov, Cand. Econ. Sci.
Komi Republic Academy of Governmental Service and Administration
11, Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982 Russia
E-mail: oblizov_a@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
In long-term stationary field experiment on sod-podzolic low-cultured soil it was conducted the research on the effect of lime (aftereffect 1983) and the annual application of mineral fertilizers calculated for planned removal of NPK by the crops of perennial grasses, to modify the properties of soil, including humus. As a result of research the influence of the residual effect of lime and mineral fertilizers on content of organic matter in the soil, as well as group and fractional composition of humus was revealed. It was determined that fertilizers and ameliorant had a significant impact on the change in the balance of humus and group and fractional composition. Our research showed that the reserves of humus in the soil of experimental plot were 44.2-46.8 t/ha. Volume of soil explosives residues according to variants of experiment was 3.9-5.3 t/ha, the greatest number obtained in case of use of NPK in the soil limed – 5.0-5.3 t/ha and productivity of perennial grasses in these options was the highest (4.5 to 4.8 t/ha of dry matter). In the process of humification and mineralization of organic matter residues corresponding the number of newly formed humus was 0.7-0.95 t/ha, its greatest number was also in the variants NPK and ameliorants (0.90-0.95 t/ha). The greatest balance of humus was also in the above mentioned variants.
The use of lime and fertilizer increased in the composition of humus amount of humic acids from 21.8 to 27.7 %, in the variant without fertilizers it was 19.3 %. Especially increased (from 2.3 to 7.9 %) the fraction of GC-2, associated with calcium and magnesium. The most aggressive fraction of fulvic acids FC-1A (from 4.2 to 1.6 %) dropped significantly. These changes in labile part of humus is allowed to change the type of humus from fulvatic type (SGK:SFK 0.5), humate-fulvatic – SGK:SFK>0.5, which improved the soil structure and plant nutrition.
Key words: fertilizer, lime, humus, labile forms of humus, humic and fulvic acids.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 93-97

PROSPECTS OF USING AMBROXOL IN COMBINATION WITH DITRIM
FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CALVE’S BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

S. V. Gurova, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor,
V. M. Aksenova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614099 Russia
E-mail: gurvet@yandex.ru;

ABSTRACT
The research of effectiveness of using ambroxol in combination with ditrim for medical treatment of calves’ bronchopneumonia was undertaken on the base of educational and experimental farm “Lipovaya Gora” of the Permskii Krai and at the Farm Animals Anatomy Department. One-three month old Black-and-White breed calves with symptoms of pneumonia and healthy animals, took by the couple analog method, were included in the research. The first group consisted of clinically healthy young animals, the second – of calves with catarrhal bronchopneumonia, which were treated by intramuscular injections of ditrim dosed 1 ml for 10 kg of live weight, the third – of sick animals that also got oral therapy of ambroxol (first 2 days – 1 pill 3 times a day, next days – 1 pill 2 times a day). Using ditrim, the attenuation of inflammation started from the 6th-7th day and the indicators of young animals’ peripheral blood reached physiological values only after two weeks of therapy, but also disorders of the digestive tract were noticed, one calve got the relapse of the disease. Conducting therapeutic interventions, using mucolytic drugs ambroxol with intramuscular injections of ditrim, showed normalization of hematologic components on the 7th day along with positive clinical effect. All calves had good oral tolerance for ambroxol, there weren’t any side effects. According to the results of the research, integrated application of antibiotic and mucolytic drugs ambroxol gives more dynamic normalization of clinical and hematological parameters, comparing to ditrim monotherapy, and reduces time of healing by a factor of 1.7, decreases the amount of side effects and can be recommended for the cure for calves’ bronchopneumonia.
Key words: calves, bronchopneumonia, ditrim, ambroxol.

pp. 98-103

EXPANSION OF TRICHINOSIS IN WILD GAME ANIMALS
IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

V. A. Zimenkov, Post-Graduate Student; T. N. Sivkova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor;
E. A. Doronin-Dorgelinskiy, Cand. Vet.Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990 Russia
Е-mail: dokveter@yandex.ru, tatiana-sivkova@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The article briefly describes the history of the discovery of trichinosis as a zoonosis. Periodicals, epidemiological reports and other literature sources on the spread of this infestation among wild animals and humans on the territory of the Russian Federation were analyzed along with the description of the localization of trichina in muscle tissue of different animal species, what is of great importance for veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses, Trichinosis is present in natural foci in almost every region of the Russian Federation, and in 2016 it is registered in humans in 19 regions of the country. Trichinosis is found in many wild animals: wolves, jackals, foxes, arctic foxes, raccoon dogs, raccoons, martens, yellow-throated martens, all kinds of Canidae, minks, stoats, weasels, hedgehogs, Siberian weasels, ferrets, wolverines, badgers, bobcats, all kinds of Felidae, bears, pigs and wild boars, mice and rats, dormice, squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, gophers, porcupines, muskrats, beavers, lemmings, shrews, water shrews, walruses and seals. On the territory of Permskii Krai, systematic research on this question has not previously been conducted. At the same time, a high degree of popularity of hunting, poaching and, in some cases, the lack of veterinary-sanitary examination of wild animals’ meat and carcasses disposal can contribute to the spread of infection. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct scientific work on examination of an epizootic situation on trichinosis and other zoonoses among wild animals.
Key words: trichinosis, zoonoses, wild animals, human, Russian Federation.

pp. 104-107

STUDYING OF INFLUENCE OF THE VITAZAR FEED ADDITIVE
ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF CATTLE

D. F. Ibishov, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor; V. V. Shtebe, Post-Graduate Student; S. L. Rastorguyeva
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: vnb@pgsha.ru;
S. V. Ponosov, Cand.Vet.Sci.
Perm Institute of the Federal Penalty Service
125 Karpinskiy St., Perm 614012 Russia
E-mail: ponosovs@yandex.ru
I. A. Rubinsky, Dr. Vet. Sci.,
Ural Research Veterinary Institute
112a Belinskogo St., Yekaterinburg 620142 Russia
E-mail: ir180761@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Scientific and production experiment was made in 2016 in terms of the company «Russia» Perm district of the Permskii krai with 2 groups of clinically healthy animals in intensive milking of 10 head each. The cows of the control group received food without supplements. The cows of the experimental group were fed regularly with feed supplement Vitazar in addition to the usual diet at the rate of 150 gr per head a day for 75 days. To study the effect of Vitazar on health and productivity of dairy cattle we carried out research on the content of fat and protein and making blood research on biochemical parameters. The results showed that the sugar content in the blood of experimental animals is increased, the concentration of magnesium (1.23 vs. 1.08 mmol), phosphorus (3.59 vs. 3.44 mmol), vitamin E (12.5 vs. 12.3 mmol) and carotene (6.52 vs. 5.73 mmol). Lower creatinine (9.1 mmol) a decrease in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (22.2 U/L) and alanine aminotransferase (3.22 U/L) is an indication of improvement of cardiovascular and excretory systems, myocardial muscle, kidney and liver. It was found that the production of milk was on 27497 kg more in the experimental group than in the control group during the reference period (75 days). According to the company, the economic effect due to the increase in productivity amounted to 8.10 rubles per 1 ruble of expenses.
Key words: Vitazar, flour of germs of wheat, dairy productivity, hematologic indicators, economic effect.

pp. 108-111

USING BLOOD LASER IRRADIATION IN THE TREATMENT OF HORSE COLIC

A. A. Kotova, Post-Graduate Student,
K. A. Sidorova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
State Agrarian University of the North Trans-Ural
7 Respubliki St., Tyumen 625003 Russia
E-mail: forte.mar@mail.ru
N. A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: tatarnikova.n.a@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
In the Tyumen region on the basis of private horse-racing club, and also a stable of horse-racing club of the State Agricultural University of Northern Zauralie it was studied a possibility of use of blood laser irradiation in rising efficiency of treatment of horses with a colic symptom-complex. The research was conducted on 16 horses of the sports direction. In the period of an attack of gripes traditional drug treatment and step-by-step conducting was applied. Clinical inspection was performed daily since the beginning of a disease before the termination of a course of intravenous laser irradiation of blood, using the device of laser therapy «Mustang 2000» for veterinary medicine. During the recovery period low-intensive laser irradiation was applied as an alternative method of treatment. The blood for laboratory studies was taken twice: at primary inspection and diagnosis, again after the end of sessions of blood irradiation. Irradiation of blood was carried out through a jugular vein by means of a special catheter once a day. The number of sessions ranges from 3 to 8 within 10-20 minutes, depending on gravity of a condition of a sick animal. The paper presents data on the use of the method of intravenous blood irradiation in the treatment of cramps in horses the effect of a given method manifested in normalization of metabolic processes: total protein increased by 31%, the hemoglobin is 30%, the erythrocytes by 24% in the correction of cellular and humoral immunity, enhancing resistance of the body, an anti-inflammatory (leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate dropped by 47% and 38%, respectively) and an analgesic effect in reducing the period of recovery of the gastrointestinal tract, which is important in sports horse breeding.
Key words: horse, colic, NILI, VLOK, blood, laser therapy.

pp. 112-116

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DRUGS PL-3 AND PL-2 ON THE DYNAMICS OF WEIGHT GAIN OF PIGLETS, MEAT YIELD, ORGANOLEPTIC, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PORK

V. V. Kuznetsov, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor,
E. A. Kuznetsova, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor,
Chuvash State Agricultural Academy,
29 K. Marksa St., Cheboksary, 428003 Russia
E-mail: kuz_efalia@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the possibility of increasing mass in piglets when using drugs PL-3 and PL-2. In the first experimental group the increase of live weight of pigs established by 24.9%, in the second – 20.3% compared to control animals. The greatest daily gains were observed in the first months of studies. At 3 months of age, average daily gains of the experimental group of pigs exceeded targets in the first experimental group, 54.7% and 44.7%, respectively. Analysis of the cost of feed per 1 kg increase of body weight showed that in the control group of animals per 1 kg of increment consumed 7.8 kg feed in the first experimental group 6.8 kg, in the second – 7.3 kg, respectively. Feed savings in the first experimental group was 12.8%, while in the second group and 6.4%, respectively. In the organoleptic examination, it was noted that the carcass sufficiently drained, placed desperately uneven. Muscles were characterized by elastic texture, the cut wet, with pressure dimple quickly flattens, pale pink color. The smell of meat was a specific characteristic of fresh pork. Microscopy on the surface layer in the control group detected an isolated microorganisms of coccal forms, in the deeper layers of the muscles of control and experimental animals microorganisms were not revealed. In the study of the chemical composition of pork meat we established, that the protein content when using the PL-3 was by 2.2% and PL-2 1.7% more than in the control group of animals. The amount of fat was less than 1%, when using the drug of PL-2, and PL-3 – more than 0.5%. When identifying the quantity of ash, in both the experimental groups of animals was 10% higher, and the water when using the PL-3 was less than 1%, PL-2 0.3% than that of control animals.
Key words: immune stimulators PL-2, PL-3, piglets, weight gain, organoleptic, physical and chemical parameters.

pp. 117-120

CHANGES IN THE TESTES OF LABORATORY MICE UNDER THE INFLUENCE
OF SOMATIC EXTRACT ANISAKIS SIMPLEX

O. I. Lazareva, Post-Graduate Student; T. N. Sivkova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor;
N. A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990 Russia
E. S. Patlusova, Сand. Med. Sci.,
Perm Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital,
22 Baumana St., Perm, 614066 Russia
E-mail: ol.manina@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
Somatic extract Anisakis simplex larvae were injected intraperitoneally in doses of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg of protein per head to laboratory mice. After 48 hours mice were slaughtered. Microscope study smears of mice testes were prepared. Histological examination and electron microscopy were performed. Dose-dependent effect was set meiotic activity increased with increasing doses of the antigenic material, the increase in abnormalities meiosis, some of its forms, was noted. Histological examination of the seminiferous epithelium of the degenerative changes in the cells was detected. Increasing the dose of the extract spermatogenesis weakened, individual seminiferous tubules were empty. At doses of 200 µg protein per head at ultramicroscopic study, the destruction of the seminiferous tubules was observed, germinal cells died and were destroyed. Research carried out by us has shown the damaging effect of the protein products of larval Anisakis simplex on germ cells.
Keywords: testis, spermatogenesis, somatic extract of Anisakis simplex, cytopathic and kariopatic effects.

pp. 121-126

APPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES FOR BACTERIA DETECTION
(THE LITERATURE REVIEW)

E. O. Chugunova, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor
N. A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: chugunova.elen@yandex.ru, tatarnikova.n.a@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper shows possibilities of bacteriophages use. The purpose of this review is showing the role of bacteriophages in laboratory diagnosis of diseases and definition of pathogenic bacteria in food. Short characteristic of bacteriophages and their classification based on modern ideas of morphology of phages and knowledge of their genome is given in introduction of this article. In the main part of work is considered specific interaction of bacteriophages with bacteria. This bacteriophages property is used in a number of various techniques concerning identification and typing of bacteria. The special attention is paid to lyses of Salmonella spp. and other enterobacteria by phages. Other methods based on ability of bacteriophages specifically to contact of bacteria owners also are presented in the article. Among them are using of fluorescent and marked antibodies against specifically adsorbed particles, bacteriophages parts or fluorescent and marked phages, use of test strips or immunological micro tablets with the phages immobilized due to passive adsorption. The characteristic of the reaction of phage titer increase (RNF) developed by V.D. Timakov and D. M. Goldfarb is given. In the conclusion prospects of this direction in science and practice are defined.
Keywords: bacteriophages, identification, pathogenic bacteria, typing of bacteria, reaction of phage titer increase.

ECONOMY AND ACCOUNTANCY

pp. 127-133

THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF THE REGION DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF RESOURCE SUPPLY

T. A. Dozorova, Dr. Econ. Sci., Professor,
M. R. Bogapova, Graduate Student
Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy
1 Boulevard Noviy Venets, Ulyanovsk 432017 Russia
E-mail: t.dozorova@yandex.ru, bogapova-marina@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT
In case of an efficiency evaluation of agricultural production of the region and use of the available resource potential by agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region the analysis of indicators of financial and economic activities is made. In case of the available resource capacity of agricultural organizations of the region in 2014 growth of gross production of agricultural products in all categories of farms is noted. The analysis of dynamics of a change in value of gross output of agricultural industry of the region showed what in farms of all categories of the region during 2010-2014 of products was made nearly 3 times more, than in 2000-2004. One of the main and burning issues in agricultural production is the accounts payable of agricultural organization. Receivables also exert negative impact on development of agricultural production, its size for December 31, 2015 constituted 4,1 billion rubles or 31% in structure of revenue of agricultural organizations of the region. Growth of specific weight of financing from the federal budget on 11,17 percent points is noted that is a consequence of implementation of the agrofood policy directed to import substitution of products of agricultural production. The greatest amount of the state support on 100 hectares of page — x. grounds it is provided to agricultural organizations of east economic zone (101,62 thousand rubles). However the greatest amount of profit per unit of a resource was received by agricultural organizations of the central economic area, the smallest – the organizations of east economic zone. Therefore, agricultural organizations of east zone in case of the highest level of resource capability receive the smallest return from their use.
Keywords: resource potential, efficiency, agricultural organizations, government support, natural-climatic zones.

pp. 133-137

TO THE QUESTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE RURAL TERRITORIES

V. N. Zekin, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
A. G. Svetlakov, Dr. Econ. Sci., Professor
I. M. Pechentsov, Master’s Degree Student
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: valery_zekin@mail.ru, sag08perm@mail.ru, pechensov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
A big role in modern Russia is assigned to a production infrastructure, in particular, to constructions for processing and storage of agricultural products. Now, food supply of the population in the country depends on them. It is one of the main tasks for development of economy of Russia. The situation is complicated by the fact that engineering infrastructure of most the entities belongs to the last century, it became outdated and needs complete or partial replacement. However, without development and deployment of innovative technologies, technical solutions in construction of modern buildings and constructions it is impossible to overcome the lagging which collected in decades. Especially, it concerns objects for storage of vegetables and potatoes as they should be delivered from abroad or the neighboring areas. To resolve a number of production issues, authors offer a method of storage of vegetables by means of use of the geothermal pump «earth water» (to use potential warmth of the earth). It will allow creating comfortable temperature and moisture conditions for different types of agricultural products in one store in different sections. At the same time, the most optimum method of storage of vegetables and potatoes is container. It allows keeping products better and getting higher profit. In such stores, the mechanized loading and unloading of vegetables is effectively adjusted. In Russia the need for stores of section type where vegetables are stacked in containers is also high. If in Russia of capacities for storage of vegetables there are at least 18 million tons, then the country will be able not only to solve a problem itself of providing the population with vegetables, but also to sell them.
Key words: innovative development, innovative system of the country, innovative economy, a production infrastructure, for storage of vegetables, innovative infrastructure, agricultural products, an investing program of the region, container storage of vegetables.

pp. 137-143

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL AND PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE

V.N. Zekin, Cand. Tech. Sci.
A.G. Svetlakov, Dr. Econ. Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: valery_zekin@mail.ru, sag08perm@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
In a difficult economic situation of rural districts of Permskii krai, innovative developments can play a huge role in a construction of buildings and constructions that will allow enhancing quality of villagers’ life. First of all, it is necessary to perform small projects (the playground, repair of school, sports grounds). Construction of facilities by own efforts provides cost reduction on pre-project works to 50-70%, and general cost value of a construction decreases to 25%. The unconditional evidences of improvement of quality of villagers’ life are also small agricultural enterprises. The mathematical model on which it is possible to calculate the value of a private index testimonial of living level was developed. Besides, the big role in improvement of living conditions of peasants belongs to innovative technologies. The state should create legal, organizational, economic and conditions for development of various innovative programs by higher education institutions and design institutes. During the research two types of forecast scenarios of regions development are allocated: the inertial one, assuming stabilization of an economic situation in regions, insignificant growth of innovative activities and development of small agricultural business on 4% a year, in 5 years – on 20%, and also the innovative, providing transition to a new phase of development of the region through growth of innovative activities and development of small agricultural business on 10% a year, in 5 years – on 50%. In Vereshchaginsky, Permskii and Chernushinsky districts of Permskii krai, where the agrarian sector develops more favorable, more close connection with the Perm State Agricultural Academy on development of construction systems and implementation of innovations is necessary. It will allow developing effectively individual housing construction, to implement modern technologies on agricultural enterprises.
Keywords: innovative technologies, infrastructure of the rural territories, small agricultural business, innovative activities, innovative personnel, gross regional product, innovative products, quality of life of villagers, masters of maintenance of initiatives, innovative infrastructure.