GENERAL BIOLOGY

MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FEATURES OF MAGNETIC PHASE OF SOILS OF SOUTH TAIGA OF PERMSKII KRAI  (=PDF=)

M. Gorokhova, Post-Graduate Student
M. V. Razinsky, Post-Graduate Student
A. A. Vasiliev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm, 614990 Russia
E-mail: gorohova.s@hotmail.com

 ABSTRACT

With a view to improving the system for monitoring soil farmland using methods of environmental magnetism the authors studied features of mineralogy and elemental composition of magnetic phase of soddy-podzolic soils in Southern Taiga’s agrolandscapes of Perm Krai. By method of dry fractionation using permanent ferrite magnet, magnetic soil phase was selected from non-magnetic matrix of fine soil. Electron probe microanalysis of magnetic phase was made by the use of the analytical complex «TescanVegaII». Direct experiment determined cell chemical and mineralogical compositions of magnetic particle phase. It was found that magnetic minerals in soil phase are local inter-profile geochemical anomalies. The priority role of chromium, nickel, and zinc in the composition of impurity elements in the magnetic fraction of fine soil was established. Minerals of iron of high-temperature genesis are present in the magnetic phase of agrolandscape soils. The obtained data confirms the expediency of using the methods of ecological magnetism for improving monitoring of the soil cover of the agrolandscapes of the region.

Key words: ecological magnetism, sod-podzolic soils, magnetic iron minerals, heavy metals, Permskii Krai.

SEED PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF PADUS AVIUM AND PADUS MAACKII IN CONDITIONS OF PERM AND CHUSOVOY (=PDF=)

 N. L. Kolyasnikova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
V. A. Romanzova
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: Kolyasnikova@list.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the estimation of Padus Avium and Padus Maackii fertility. Research material was collected from model trees Padus avium Mill., Padus maackii Rupr. growing in Рerm and Chusovoy. Pollen fertility was studied by acetocarmine method. Seed production capacity was determined by 10 model trees. The estimation of potential and the real seed production capacity was carried out according to the accounting unit. 10 year sprouts from each Padus tree were taken as accounting units. The characteristic of pollen grains of two Padus species was described, as a result, pollen fertility has proven to be quite high for successful pollination. It ranged from 63.9 to 73.2% in Padus avium Mill. and from 74.6 to 81.5% in Padus maackii Rupr. The real seed production capacity of both studied Padus species was low and represented 14-34% productivity index, apparently, due to adverse weather conditions of the summer 2017 in camparison to muli-year data.

Key words: Padus avium Mill., Padus maackii Rupr, pollen fertility, the potential seed production capacity, the real seed production capacity.

THE ROLE OF VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF IN VITRO CULTURE CONIFEROUS PLANTS FOR FORESTRY AND GARDENING MANAGEMENT (=PDF=)

V. V. Krasnoperova, Post-Graduate Student
FSBEI HE Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
11, Studencheskaya st., Izhevsk 426069 Russia
E-mail: vlada-vk@bk.ru;
D. N. Vlasevsky, Senior Researcher
FSBSI Udmurt Scientific Research Institute
1, Lenina st., p. Pervomaysky, Zavyalovsky District, Udmurt Republic 427007 Russia
E-mail: ugniish@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The studies of 2016-2017 examine vegetative reproduction of coniferous plants by in vitro culture method. The model specimen for explant collection was selected on the base of Udmurt State University among green spaces with various environments in Izhevsk, the Udmurt Republic. Laboratory experiments were carried out under sterile conditions of meristem laboratory of Udmurt Scientific Research Institute. Buds and stem cuttings of adult coniferous plants were inserted into in vitro culture. Three reagents were used for the sterilization of coniferous plants tissues: 5% sodium hypochlorite solution (control); 5% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine; 6% chloramine solution. Explants were placed into nutrient media with the addition of antibiotic, sucrose and activated carbon: Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) (control); Anderson’s medium; Woody Plant Medium (WPM).  Growth hormones were added according to the scheme to each nutrient medium: 1) without hormones (control); 2) 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid); 3) 2,4-dinitrophenol; 4) 2,4-D + 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine); 5) 2,4-dinitrophenol + 6-BAP. As a result of the research, the technologies of vegetative reproduction of coniferous plants by modern biotechnological methods for use in forestry and gardening management were investigated. Sodium hypochlorite that affects the fungus and bacterial microflora and does not damage meristematic tissues of explants was determined as the best sterilizing reagent. The best performance among presented media was shown by the WPM nutrient medium, where 64% of the cuttings continued their development. The combination of auxin and cytokinin harmones in nutrient medium accelerated callus formation for 5-10 days in comparison with other experiment variants.

Key words: coniferous plants, in vitro culture, sterilization, nutrient media, growth regulators, callusogenesis.

PROCESSES AND MACHINERY
OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROWAVE INSTALLER FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF INEDIBLE SLAUGHTER WASTE  (=PDF=)

G. V. Zhdankin,Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor
G. V. Novikova, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor
Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
97 Prospect Gagarina St., Nizhniy Novgorod 603107 Russia
E-mail: ngsha-kancel-1@bk.ru

ABSTRACT

The paper describes the designed installations for the heat treatment of inedible slaughter waste by influence of electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency in the continuous mode, in combination with mechanical grinding and centrifugation, when using low-power magnetrons with cooling air. The work purpose is development of microwave installation for the heat treatment of non-food waste of animal origin in the continuous mode. The subject of research is the technological process of heat treatment, disinfection, and separation into fractions of inedible slaughter waste continuous mode in microwave installation with conical resonators for forming centrifugation of raw materials. Three-dimensional modeling design of microwave installation carried out in the program Kompas-3D V15. The principle of operation of developed microwave installation for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin and the separation of the liquid fraction was described. The installation contains the cylindrical shielding body, which is located inside the working chambers, consisting of two nodes. In the upper node contains conical part of the cavity with the inner notch, and the bottom node holds the rotating disk grater as the base of the resonator with conical bowl with cold forming, made of a dielectric material. Electric drive module located under the lower base of the shielding case. Separation of raw materials in the Jew-hell and solids occurs by centrifugation. The paper gives the technical and economic assessment of application of the developed microwave setup for the heat treatment of inedible slaughter waste, capacity 200 kg/h due to improvements. Improvement of microbiological parameters increases the shelf life of the product.

Key words: ultra-high frequency generator, heat treatment, disinfection, non-food waste of animal origin, multi-module installation, centrifuge.

THE RELIABILITY OF SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR TRACTORS MTZ
OF THE FAMILY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF FAILURE INTERVALS, DEVELOPMENTS (=PDF=)

V. V. Ivanov, Cand. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor; S. A. Dotsenko, Assistant;
A. V. Sedov, Post-Graduate Student; A. P. Nikolayev, Post-Graduate Student
Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
97 Gagarin Pr., Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia 603107
E-mail: vospitngsha2014@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of the analysis of spare capacity on elimination of failures of systems and aggregates tractors of the MTZ family of intervals of operating time. The studies were conducted in the ordinary operation of tractors of this family for 2014-2015 in two agricultural enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the SEC «Copper» in Pilninskoe District and JSC «Plodopitomnik» Lyskovsky area. The methodology included the distribution of observed intervals tractors by developments from 200 to 1200 HRDS, for each of the intervals defined by the number of products replaced elements. A description of the distribution model when troubleshooting failures of spare parts group is represented in the paper. Polynomial dependence of the number of products of components of the developments was derived. Analysis of the dependence shows that the largest number (not less than 59%) products account for the interval of developments from 400 to 800 HRDS. Moreover, the peak (23%) consumption of spare parts is about developments in 800 HRDS. The association of a sample of tractors on two farms the confidence of observations was 0.95, and the relative error does not exceed 20% was given.

Key words: reliability of systems and components, the failure distribution, the interval achievements.

STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF ANGLES OF ROLLERS ON MAIN INDICATORS OF WORKFLOW OF A TWO-STEP ROLLER MACHINE  (=PDF=)

V. A. Оdegov, Cand. Eng. Sci.
A. S. Komkin, Cand. Eng. Sci.
V. V. Shilin, Cand. Eng. Sci.
Vyatskaya State Agricultural Academy
133 Oktyabrskiy Prospect, Kirov 610017 Russia
E-mail: akomkin@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

Installation diagram of the lateral and bottom rollers of two-step roller machine relative to the horizontal plane passing through the centre of rotation of the upper (main) drum is presented in the paper. In the initial phase as a result of the series of single-factor experiments conducted in the Kirovskaya Oblast on grain barley cultivar «Bios-1» with humidity 11.8%, the rational angle from horizontal lateral and bottom rollers values zone was defined, which ranged 0… -5°. These experiments allowed defining intervals varying by factors in further multifactorial experimental studies and obtaining adequate regression models, as well as two-dimensional cross-sections of the response surface. Thus, when installing the drum side angles α₁ = -3°…0° and bottom α₂ = -70° is achieved the minimum value per unit of energy q = 2.6…2.82 kWh/t/crushing degree unit, as well as gathering with sieves ø 2.5 mm, 2.60. 2.78% – while ensuring maximum throughput Q = 1 t/h and the lowest energy intensity E = 5.54 kWh/t.

Key words: two-stage crushing, grain, angle, rollers, energy intensity, energy consumption per unit.

TO ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PARAMETERS OF SCREW EXTRUDER   (=PDF=)

E. V. Pepelyaeva, Cand, Eng.Sci.,
V. S. Koshman, Cand. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: tsat@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

In modern economic conditions, the search for reserves to increase milk productivity of dairy cows and in the midst of the Perm region has a high practical value. As a result of the search of scientific-research works by domestic and foreign researchers it was found that in this way a special interest represents the extrusion plant raw materials (cereals), with a view to their processing into animal feed. In heat-stressed conditions of extrusion, important biochemical changes in the depths of nutrients occur in cereals: dextrinization of starch to glucose, the change in the structure of the fiber, sterilization of food, improve their palatability. That significantly affects their achieved the effect at feeding. The study in the work focused on conservation of mass of a substance, Newton’s second law and the law of conservation and transformation of energy. This made it possible to establish the relationship between parameters of grain-flow in ventilator channel of the screw extruder. These relationships are expressed by equations of consumption and changing of movement quantity, with taking into account the dependence of flow parameters of design features and parameters of extruders as energy machines. The paper presents the results of quantitative assessment of the pressure depending on design parameters of screw extruders. Forecast results meet the pressure values observed in practice. Results of the pilot study on extrusion process of winter rye are presented in the paper.

Key words: extrusion of cereal, screw extruder, mass flow equation, equation of momentum, energy equation.

AGRONOMY

EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION SYSTEM ON PRODUCTIVITY OF CROP ROTATION (FALLOW – WINTER RYE – WHEAT – CLOVER 1^st YEAR OF USE) AND CONTENT OF LABILE ORGANIC MATTER IN SOD-FINE PODZOLIC MIDDLE LOAMY SOIL  (=PDF=)

Yu. A. Akmanaeva, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: ylishnaaa@mail.ru

 ABSTRACT

The studies were performed in long-term stationary field experiment in 2013-2017 on the sod-fine podzolic middle loamy soil. The effect of fallow type and fertilization system on productivity of field crop rotation (fallow – winter rye –spring wheat – clover of the 1^st year of use) was studied. Experiment scheme: factor A – fallow type: A₁ – green manure fallow; A₂ – pure fallow; factor B – fertilizer system: B₁ – without fertilizers; B₂ – organic (ploughing rye straw into soil); B₃ – mineral (N₆₀R₆₀K₆₀); B₄ – organic-mineral (NRK)₆₀ + straw. Productivity of a link in crop rotation and content of labile organic matter (LOV) were not dependent on the type of couple F_f < F₀₅. The greatest increase in the experiment 0.67 t/ha grain units (when NSR₀₅ = 0.15 t/ grain units was received in the cultivation of crops on organic-mineral system of fertilization, which also contributed to the greatest accumulation of labile organic matter in comparison with the ground without fertilizers (the increase was 4%, NSR₀₅ = 3.0%). The greatest content of labile organic matter 79.8% of the weight of light fraction is observed in organic-mineral fertilization system. Carbon stocks of labile substances directly depended on its content in arable soil and varied in experiment options from 4.3 to 6.3 t per hectare. Despite the high productivity of crops in crop rotation link 3.29 t/ha with the mineral system of fertilization, after green manure fallow there appear conditions that lead to conservativeness of soil organic matter and formation of negative balance of carbon.

Key words: system of fertilizer, green manure fallow, pure fallow, productivity, labile elements in soil, labile carbon substances, stocks of labile substances.

INFLUENCE OF SEEDING TIME ON GRAIN QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT  (=PDF=)

T. S. Vershinina, Assistant of the Plant Growing Department
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: verschininats@mail.ru

 ABSTRACT

The influence of the sowing period on the productivity and quality of the grain of winter wheat was studied in the conditions of the Middle Preduralie in 2014 – 2016. The research was conducted at the training and experimental field of Perm State Agro-Technological University. Field experiment was laid with the predecessor of annual grasses for green fodder, the rate of sowing of winter wheat was 6 million seeds per hectare, variety of winter wheat Moscow 39. Sowing was carried out in seven terms: on 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 August and 2 September. Analyzes of technological and bakery grain quality were carried out at the Krasnoufimsky Selection Center of the Urals Agriculture Research Institute and in the testing laboratory of PermAgroService Llc. In the course of the research it was established that the most favorable conditions for the development of winter wheat were in 2015-2016 as the highest productivity was obtained 1.18-2.92 t / ha. The optimum sowing time on the average for two years is from August 14 to September 2 (1.71-2.18 t/ha). The quality of grain and bread depended on the weather conditions. But even in years with unfavorable conditions, it is possible to obtain the grain of winter wheat of 2-3 grade quality with the following parameters: grain nature 744 g/l, vitreousity 54%, fall number 308 s, mass share of raw gluten 29 %, and bread with a general baking assessment of 4.4 points.

Key words: winter wheat, sowing time, productivity of grain, grain quality.

DEVELOPMENT PECULIARITIES OF SELECTIVE AND WILD ONOBRYCHIS ARENARIA IN ITS FIRST YEAR IN PERM KRAI (=PDF=)

V. A. Voloshin, Dr. Agr. Sci
Perm Agricultural Research Institute – Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science
12 Culture St., Lobanovo, Perm Krai 614532 Russia
E-mail: pniish@ rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

The paper is concerned with the issue of grass formation of perennial legume crop Onobrychis Arenaria in its first year under contrast weather of Perm Krai in vegetation period of 2016-2017. The following selection varieties SibNIIC — 30, Petushok, Peschaniy 22 and samples of wild Flora DE-1, DE-2 and DE-3 were studied. Row seeding method was applied to selective samples as well as skip-row and open seeding to wild samples due to their seed deficit. Sowing rate for all selective samples was 400 seeds/ m² and 200 seeds/ m² for wild ones. In 2016 during the summer seeding, under hot weather and lack of soil moisture, all selective plants developed according to the winter type. To the autumn they formed tops from five or more shortened shoots per plant. During the spring seeding in 2017, under the favorable soil moisture, plants developed according to the spring type since to the middle of September the plant height reached 76-96 cm and solitary flowering shoots were formed. The wild samples grew and developed according to the winter type regardless of the weather conditions and the seeding time, forming 3.3-4.4 and 4.0-5.0 of shortened shoots per plant in 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Key words: Onobrychis Arenaria, variety, wild forms, field germination capacity, plant development.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROLONGED USE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS IN GRAIN-ROW CROP ROTATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE BALANCE OF HUMUS IN SOD-FINE PODZOLIC HEAVY LOAMY SOIL (=PDF=)

L. V. Derbeneva, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23 Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: agrohim@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents results of studies obtained in long-term stationary field experiment at the Agrochemistry Department of Perm SATU on the influence of different fertilization systems: mineral, organic, organic-mineral on yield, productivity of grain-row crop rotation and balance of humus in sod-middle cultured fine podzolic heavy loamy soil in two its rotations. During the first two crop rotations in the experiment we studied the effect on crop rotation productivity, crop quality and soil fertility of double, triple combinations of fertilizers in single (N_60-90Р_60-90К_30-90) and double doses (N_120-180Р_120-180К_60-180) upon manure and without it. Mineral fertilizers were applied annually. Cattle dung was introduced both in the first and second rotations under the winter rye in a dose of 60 t/ha. The results of three experiment parts were compiled: 1968, 1969, 1970. It was installed: the experiment gave high crop yields, which with the studied systems fertilizers accounted for 26.88 -31.60 centner of grain units in the version without fertilizers – 25.36-26.09 centner of grain units/ha. The best was the organic-mineral system which provided yields up to 31.60 centner of grain units/ha, crop productivity in a crop rotation was up to 220 centner of grain unit, and there was a positive balance of humus in the soil. However, payback of 1 kg NRK on organic-mineral system is not high (2.16-2.62 kg grain units/kg of active matter). Equal balance of humus in the soil was obtained for one rotation on organic system of fertilization with saturation of 1 ha arable lands with manure 7.5 t/ha. In subsequent years it remained. Therefore, to ensure the sufficient balance of humus saturation of 1 hectare arable land with manure in grain-row rotation with two clover fields 2 on mean cultured sod-fine podzolic heavy loamy soil should be not less than 7.5 t/ha. Mineral fertilizers system, equivalent to NRK 60 t of manure per hectare did not provide a positive balance of humus in the soil.

Key words: fertilizers, crop rotation, crop yield, productivity, saturation, fertilizers, balance of humus, stubble-root residues.

BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODDY-PODZOLIC HEAVY LOAM SOILS OF DIFFERENT KIND OF LAND USE IN MIDDLE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)

A. I. Kosolapova, Dr. Agr. Sci.; D. S. Fomin, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm Agricultural Research Institute
Branch of Perm Federal Research Center
of Russian Academy of Science
12 Сultury St., Lobanovo, Permskii Krai, 614532 Russia
E-mail: pniish@ rambler.ru
M. G. Subbotina, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm, 614990 Russia
E-mail: subbotina@mail.ru

 ABSTRACT

Biochemical properties are the most important component of potential soil fertility along with the content of humus, the amount of labile organic matter, the content of nutrients and the acidity. The article deals with enzymatic activity and respiration of soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soils in biogeocenoses: arable land (pure fallow) — arable land (permanent barley) – fallow land (20 years old) – pioneer forest (more than 100 years old) in the site of the experimental field of the Perm Agricultural Research Institute, Lobanovo, Permskii Krai. Data is given about close direct relationship between the cellulose-decomposing capacity and the carbon dioxide emission by the soils of the studied variants (r = 0.95 ± 0.09). The most optimal conditions for the biochemical processes of soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil are formed in the fallow land with the meadow vegetation. There is maximal activity of soil respiration (6.74 kg/ga/hour), cellulose destruct (49 per cent) and invertase activity (32.6 mg glucose/g of soil/24 hour). The difference of biochemical properties between the soils of different kind use of land indicate changes in the processes of mineralization of organic matter, transformation of qualitative composition and accumulation of humus. This is primarily due with accumulation of fresh organic litter on the soil surface and formed layer of mort mass of meadow grasses.

Key words: fallow, crop rotation, biogeocoenosis, enzyme activity, respiration of soil.

INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY TILLAGE METHODS AND NUTRIENT STATUS ON THE CROP ROTATION CAPACITY (=PDF=)

E. V. Kuzina, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Ulianovsk Research Institute of Agriculture
19 Institutskaia St., Timiriazevskii, Ulianovskii rayon, Ulianovskaia oblast, 433315 Russia
E-mail: elena.kuzina@autorambler.ru

 ABSTRACT

The article describes the results of studies on the effectiveness of conventional ridge, flat tillage as well as fine mulch, zero and coulisse ridge tillage. The experiments were conducted in 2010-2016 on black heavy loam soils, typical for the most farms in Ulianovskaya Oblast. Being on the tillages background, fertilizers were applied to crop rotation at a dose of N0P0K0; N30P30K30; N60P60K60. Soil treatment was conducted in a stationary field crop rotation with alternating crops: pure fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat – mustard (green manure) – winter wheat — barley. Advantages and prospects for application of innovative coulisse ridge tillage methods during the cultivation of grain crops were established. The best saturation of nitrate nitrogen in accordance with optimum moisture meter-deep layer of soil contributed to the higher yield capacity of examined crops, the average yield of grain treated by coulisse ridge method amounted to 3.29-to 3.33 t/ha, that is 0.28 and 0.32 t/ha more than by plowing. Fertilizer had a positive influence on the development of plants and provided the most significant yield increase in variants with coulisse ridge tillage, the introduction of N30P30K30– 0.40-0.44 t/ha, while making N60P60K60 – 0.72-0.73 t/ha regarding to the natural background of respective treatments.

Key words: tillage, ridge stubble coulisses, mineral fertilizer, yield capacity, winter wheat, spring wheat, barley.

WINTER RYE IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC  (=PDF=)

 A. G. Kuryleva, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Udmurt Agriculture Research Institute
1 Lenina St., v. Pervomaiskii 427007 Udmurt Republic, Russia
Е-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

 ABSTRACT

The article provides an overview of the sown area under winter rye in the Volga Federal District in 1996-2016. Analysis of the cultivated areas in the Udmurt Republic over the last half-century showed a clear trend of reducing acreage of winter rye on 89.1% (425.1 hectares up to 46.5 hectares). Based on analyses of built trends, dynamics of acreage reduction was established, regression equation has the form Y = -6.6213x + 13370, coefficient of determination R² = 0.81. The yield varied during this period from 6.08 to 16.4 center/ha. Positive dynamics of increasing yield of winter rye was noted, a linear trend line goes up, the regression equation yields Y = 0.1846 x – 358.44, with R² = 0.16. The coefficient of productivity stability of winter rye ranged from 40.5 % to 74.9 %. Yield productivity range (d) for the period was 62.9 %, indicating a large difference in yield formation for years. Udmurt Agriculture Research Institute annually conducts a competitive variety trials of new varieties of winter rye. From the studied varieties are highlighted the Grafinia variety (34.3 center/ha), exceeding the productivity standard Falenskaya 4 on 6.63 % (2.1 center/ha). The variety Grafinia has high winter survival – 85 % (Falenskaya 4 – 60 %).

Key words: winter rye, area of cultivation, monitoring, yield, varieties.

RESULTS OF PEA BREEDING AT «URAL SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE» (=PDF=)

 L. I. Likhacheva, Senior Researcher
V. S. Gimaletdinova, Researcher
E. G. Kozionova, Researcher
Ural Research Institute of Agriculture, Krasnoufimsk Breeding Center
8, Selekcionnaya St., Krasnoufimsk, Sverdlovskaya Oblast, Russia, 623300
E-mail: selektsiya@bk.ru

 ABSTRACT

The article deals with scientific research carried out in 2011-2016 in the fields of Krasnoufimsk Breeding Center at Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture under the conditions of the middle Ural. The aim of research is to develop a new pea variety of high yield capacity, resistant to new diseases and maintainable during the harvesting. Breeding nurseries were laid out on deep grey forest soil of stationary ten-course rotation. Over the years of research, fluctuations in weather conditions were observed during the vegetation period. Marathon variety was selected as a standard for leafy pea and Krasnous as a standard for leafless pea. Within comparable testing 30-35 variety samples were annually investigated on the 19 m² area plots in fourfold replication. Krasnoufimskiy pea 11 has been included in the State Register of Selection Achievements since 2014 and recognized by the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Selection Achievements Test and Protection as a variety with a high quality of bean. It exceeded the standard by the following parameters: yield capacity by 0.38 t/ha, protein content by 1.5%, the number of beans and seeds, seed weight of each plant (average for 2011-2016). Ascochita blight and root rots affected Krasnoufimskiy 11 less than the standard. Since 2014 Edem and Altyn varieties are in a process of state variety testing. Edem variety had equal yield capacity with Marathon but exceled the standard by the number of beans and seeds of the plant, by protein content 0.9% lodging-resistant (4 ball). Altyn variety possessed a better performance of yield capacity by 0.37 t/ha and a better protein content by 2.1%. In 2017 the propagation of prospective number 11-440 was begun. In 2018 it is planned to test a selective number 05-327.

Key words: pea, breeding, science, variety, variety testing, yield capacity, protein content.

WINTER CROPS ENSILAGE IN PERMSKII KRAI (=PDF=)

 G. P. Maisak, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm Agricultural Research Institute
Branch of Perm Federal Research Center
of Russian Academy of Science
12 Сultury St., Lobanovo, Permskii Krai, 614532 Russia
E-mail: pniish@ rambler.ru

 ABSTRACT

Basis of winter rations for cattle in Permskii Krai is silage and haylage. The primary source of feed in early spring period are winter crops. In the conditions of the Permskii Krai’s central zone on average over five years there were identified: collection of dry weight, yield structure and biochemical composition of green mass of winter cereals (rye, triticale) in pure form and mixed with winter vicia, silage quality. It was established that cultivated in Permskii Krai winter crops can be successfully used for silage, forming high yield of both green mass – 16.2-20.1 t/ha, and dry mass-3.38-5.26 t/ha. Harvesting silage from the freshly cut green mass of winter crops in early earing provides feed I-II class of GOST 55986-2014 with a dry matter content of 203.0-255.5 g/kg, crude protein-136.0-180.1, exchange energy-9.65-10.94 MJ/kg, feed units-0.76-0.97 to absolutely dry substance.

Key words: winter crops, wintering, yield, biochemical composition, silage.

 BAKING QUALITIES OF WINTER CROPS IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE  (=PDF=)

V. P. Murygin, Junior Researcher
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23 Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: mvp21717@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The effect of nitrogen top dressing on grain quality of winter wheat, winter triticale and winter rye was studied in the conditions of Permskii krai in 2013-2015. The experiment was laid down at the experimental and training field of the Perm State Agro-Technological University as follows: factor A – crop: A₁-rye; A₂ – wheat; A₃ – triticale; factor B – dose of nitrogen, kg/ha: B₁ – 0; B₂ – 30; B₃ – 60; factor C – term of fertilizing: C₁ – physical maturity of soil at 0-5 cm soil layer; C₂ – 5 days after the first term; C₃ – 10 days after the first term. The content of humus in arable layer is 2.3 2.0%, of mobile phosphorus 74-142 mg, exchange potassium 120-304 mg/kg of soil, pH_sal 5.6-6.3. Spring-summer period of plant development in 2014 was characterized as cool (average daily air temperature was below normal ranged from -0.7 to -4.5° C) and humid. Spring and summer period of plant development in 2015 was characterized as warm. The average air temperature in May was 13.4° C, in June –18.6° C. The weather in 2016 was warm and dry. Precipitation was 5 times lower than the norm. The dependence of the baking qualities on doses and timing of nitrogen fertilizing was established. Their response to the level of nitrogen nutrition was determined. Application of nitrogen feeding increases the nature of grain, falling number, glassiness, fraction of total mass of crude gluten. Flour and baking quality do not depend significantly on the nitrogen fertilizing.

Key words: rye, winter wheat, winter triticale, nitrogen fertilization, time and dose of fertilizing, grain quality.

METHODS OF SOY SEEDING AND ITS APPLICATION
IN THE MIDDLE PRE-URALS  (=PDF=)

Е. А. Renev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Е. V. Mikhaleva, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: kaf.rast@pgsha.ru; kafpererabotka@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

In 2012-2015 the field experiment of proper seeding method and sowing rate for SIBNIK soy variety was carried out under the conditions of Perm Krai. Design of experiments included row seeding with inter rows of 15 cm, two wide row methods with inter rows of 45 and 70 cm and soy sowing rate with the interval from 0.4 to 1.4 with spacing of 0.2 Mio. germinated seeds per hectare. Studies were conducted on fine sod-podzolic heavy clay loam soils of average level cultivation. Grain yield capacity, its biochemical composition, nutrient value and carrying capacity as well as structure of yield capacity were determined within the research. The possibility of soy flour use in semi-finished meat production was evaluated. The research determined that 2.87-2.89 t/ha maximum grain yield capacity of soy was formed at raw seeding method with inter rows of 15 sm. and sowing rate of 1.0-1.2 Mio. germinated seeds per hectare. This seeding method allows to produce grain with 16 MJ/kg concentration of exchange  energy and digestive protein of 196 g/fu, providing therefore the fodder unit collection of 3.870 thousands/ha and digestive protein of 934 kg/ha. For semi-finished meat production the grain can be used at a rate of 4% of minced meat mass.

Key words: soy, seeding methods, yield capacity, grain biochememical composition, exchanged energy, digestive protein, semi-finished meat products, soy flour.

PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT
IN CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION  (=PDF=)

M. M. Sabitov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Ulianovsk Research Institute of Agriculture
19 Institutskaia St., Timiriazevskii, Ulianovskii rayon, Ulianovskaia oblast, 433315 Russia
E-mail: m_sabitov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The abstract deals with the influence of different predecessors such as winter wheat, pea and potato on the yield capacity and economic efficiency of spring wheat cultivation on fertilized and mineral non-fertilized ground, carried out in forest-steppe of the Volga region 2015-2016. The soil of experimental plot was medium leached medium loamy Chernozem with high humus content. The cultivation of spring wheat on various predecessors provided the optimal structure of the plough layer (0.93-1.08 g/cm³). The largest reserves of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil were observed on the fertilized ground of 176.8-195.0 mm. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the plough layer at all predecessors, fertilizers of spring wheat was at the level of 3.49-5.30 mg/100 g of soil, where the most of its content was marked in the pea field. The content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the experiments was high and ranged from 185 to 273 and from 44 to 97 mg/kg of soil, respectively. The least infestation of crops by young and perennial weeds of spring wheat was noted at pea predecessor and amounted 22.7-23.7 PCs./m2. Due to herbicides application, the number of young and perennial weeds decreased significantly by 74.3-91.2% in compare of the original infestation. The highest yield of spring wheat was observed at pea predecessor on the fertilized ground of 3.35 t/ha, where the increase relative to non-fertilized ground was of 0.72 t/ha. Economic efficiency of spring wheat cultivation on various predecessors showed that production costs increased with the fertilization by 18.3%. The highest level of profitability of spring wheat grain production – 90.0% was achieved by pea predecessor on the fertilized ground.

Key words: spring wheat, soil density, soil moisture, soil nutrient status, crops infestation, yield, economic efficiency.

TO THE QUESTION OF INTRODUCTION OF BLUE LUPINE IN THE CROP ROTATION IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC (=PDF=)

 M. I. Yakovleva, Cand. Agr. Sci.
V. L. Dimitriev, ,Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Chuvash State Agricultural Academy
29, Karla Marxa St., Cheboksary, 428003 Russia
E-mail: Marina24.01@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

In the reproduction of soil fertility the important role belongs to leguminous crops that can fix atmosphere nitrogen. Among the grain legumes lupine is of great interest. This crop can be successfully cultivated as green manure and forage crops for grain and green mass. The increase in the share of annual lupine, as bean component in the structure of sown areas can dramatically increase the amount of feed protein of natural, vegetable origin in concentrated feed. At the same time, ecologization of the nitrogen cycle in the agroecosystem through biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen takes place. Field experiments have been conducted since 2008 on light grey forest medium loam soils with a content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, respectively 189 mg and 140 mg per 1 kg of soil and pH_rsol equal to 5.7, in conditions of ESPC (Cheboksarsk District of the Chuvash Republic). The residual effect of lupine was studied in the links: blue lupine – potato – barley and blue lupine – spring wheat – barley. As controlling pre-seeding crop winter rye is defined. The repetition of experiences 3-fold, square plots is 108 m² (10.8×10.0), the width of protective strips 70 cm. The studies showed that the links of a crop rotation involving blue lupine are more productive on all indicators. The most important indicator for forage crops – collection of digestible protein – annual lupine exceeds rye by 377.5 kg/ha (or 2.5 times), but in general, the link provides in excess of 601.6 and 482.6 kg/ha, with the participation of potatoes and spring wheat, respectively (or 2.0 and 1.8 times).

Key words: lupinus angustifolia, link rotation, efficiency of crop rotation links, grain unit, feed unit, digestible protein.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

BREEDING REPLACEMENTS AT LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE BASE OF
«EVIC-AGRO» LIVESTOCK FARM OF TYUMEN OBLAST   (=PDF=)

I. E. Ivanova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
M. G. Volynkina., Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
State agrarian University of Northern Zauralye
7 Respubliki St., Tyumen 625003 Russia
E-mail: danik1969@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Efficiency of breeding replacements at low temperatures was studied under conditions of Tyumen Oblast. The article examines 40 Holstein replacements at 5-10 days old. The calves were selected according to their breed, live weight, age, gender and general state of health. The level of feeding and animal welfare was identical. Changes in live weight were managed through individual measurement every month from birth to 2 months. The calves live weight was determined by measurements of body length and girth. Biochemical parameters of blood reflected the influence of animal welfare on their organism. According to the age peculiarities, the replacements were divided into 3 groups. The investigated group was represented by calves of the colostrum period, bobby and weaned calves (from birth to 2 months). New born calves were placed in single boxes with straw bedding for 5 days. After this period they were transferred to open air single boxes till 2 months. During this transfer growth performance of calves keeping by the cold method overshoot expected performance by 20.73%. Safety of young animals keeping by the cold method at the farm was 99.25%. To the end the content of total protein in blood of bobby calves increased by 4.11%, γ-globulin fraction by 61.88%. Increase of hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin and number of red blood cells also were observed. This indicates the intensity of protein metabolism in tissues at low temperatures. A well-organized system of keeping calves in single boxes at low temperatures as well as good nutrition promotes the breeding of strong, well-evolved dairy animals and significantly increases their safety.

Key words: Replacements, Holstein breed, cold method of raising, colostrum, safety, rate of growth, blood.

SLUDGE-SYNDROME DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT MEASURES IN DOGS (=PDF=)

E. P. Krasnolobova, Cand. Vet. Sci.
K. A. Sidorova, Dr Bio. Sci., Professor
State agrarian University of Northern Zauralye
7 Respubliki St., Tyumen 625003 Russia
E-mail: e_krasnolobova@mail.ru.

 ABSTRACT

In 2016-2017 the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University as well as veterinary clinics of Tyumen examined the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary sludge dispersal in dogs. Clinical examination was carried out by established methods through biochemical and morphological parameters, diagnostics on Medison SonoAce R3 ultrasound scanner by convex, micro convex and linear transducer at a frequency of 2-8 MHz. 123 dogs with biliary sludge were investigated. First sludge classification according to its consistence was presented after ultrasound investigation. The article deals with the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary sludge dispersal. Drugs with ursodeoxycholic acid were given to dogs to determine its effectiveness during the therapy. Three different kinds of biliary sludge were found in dogs. Echo-inhomogeneous bile with clots of different density (82,3%) was the most abundant, microlithiasis (0,8%) as well as thick bile with microliths (2,4%) were spread to a lesser extent. Ursodeoxycholic acid show good performance by dissolving all kinds of sludge at 10 mg/kg per os 2 times a day. Dog therapy ranged from 14 to 60 days.

Key words: dogs, biliary sludge, ursodeoxycholic acid, ultrasonic diagnostics, therapy, classification, bile solubility.

THE INFLUENCE OF FEEDING SYSTEM ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF DOGS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SPECIAL TOWN FOR SERVICE DOGS (=PDF=)

 D. V. Plotnikov, Post-Graduate
V. A. Sitnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: denis-plotnikov00@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

The article describes the influence of feeding system on the psychological state of dogs under the conditions of special town for service dogs in Perm Institute of Federal Service for the Execution of Sentences. 3 groups of dogs were investigated within the scientific and economic experiment. The control group was on a diet based on traditional fodder from natural products prepared in nursery kitchen. Experimental groups of dogs were fed by «Stout» and «Pedigree» complete dry fodder. Fodders in all three groups met the standard rate of dry solid in dogs but protein content did not complied with the feeding rate by 15-20 %. The energy level in the first and second groups was below the standard due to fat content but in the control group due to carbohydrates. All diets suffered from lack of Fiber. Mineral composition of diets satisfied the feeding rate only in the control and second experimental groups. Biochemical blood analysis of dogs in the control group met the standard by the most indicators: glucose level — by 8.53% from the standard, phosphorus content in the blood was beyond the standard by 4.00%, creatinine — by 10.65%. Biochemical blood analysis of dogs in the experimental groups was distinguished by more quality indicators and satisfied health standard of animals. Despite of the satisfaction the dog nutrients requirements, only the control group performed a positive dynamics in the increase of animal live weight at average daily gain of 5.3 g/day (P < 0.01). In both experimental groups of dogs fed by complete dry fodder the negative tendency was revealed: Stout fodder — 0.3 g/day; Pedigree — 1.7 g/day.

Keywords: dogs, fodder, diet, feeding, blood, live weight.

THE CROSSBREEDING INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTVE QUALITIES OF SWINE   (=PDF=)

 A. S. Semenov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor.
O. Iu. Kavardakova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614990 Russia
E — mail: semenov50-50@mail.ru, Kavardakova.69@mail.ru

 ABSTRACT

The article examines the effectiveness of different crossing variants and compatibility test of industrial swine production breeds for obtaining the highly productive animals with excellent fattening and meat qualities at the enterprise OOO «Svinocomplex Permskiy» of Perm Krai. 3 groups of sows with 20 heads per each were formed for investigation. Control group was represented by purebred Large White swine, I and II experimental groups (crossbred swine Large White x Landrace) consisted of Duroc boars and МAXGRO (MG) synthetic line. «Hermitage» company (Ireland) selected boars of this line through the Pietrain breed that is characterized by its excellent meat content, high slaughter yield, pronounced meat shapes, high feed conversion rate, high maturing rate and lean meat yield of a high quality.  During the research all animals were under the same feeding and keeping conditions. The experiment determined that purebred Large White sows had the best reproductive qualities with prolificacy of 11.7 heads. Crossbred sows show good performance of big foetus and piglet safety to the weaning period. Animals from II experimental group were distinguished by pronounced meat qualities. They reliably (p≤0,001) exceled their herdmates by loin eye area by 7.5 sm² and backfat above 6^th and 7^th scapula vertebrae by 2.5 mm. Animals of II group had an equal maturing rate  – 167.2 days, the highest average daily gain of life weight – 817.9 gr. and feed conversion of 3.62 f.u. They exceled control group by maturing rate for 20.4 days (p≤0.001) and animals of I group for 3.3 days (p≤0.001). Three breed crossing therefore ((Large White x Landrace) x MG) allows to increase the reproductive qualities of sows as well as meat and fattening qualities of young piglets.

Key words: swine, genotype, reproductive, meat and feeding qualities.

INTENSITY OF HEIFERS GROWTH AND THEIR FOLLOWING REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES  (=PDF=)

I. M. Haertdinov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
M. R. Saifutdinov, Researcher
FSBSI Udmurt Scientific Research Institute
1, Lenina st., p. Pervomaysky, Zavyalovsky District, Udmurt Republic 427007 Russia
E-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

 ABSTRACT

Investigations were carried out in 2012-2016 at the enterprise AO «Put Ilicha» in Zavialovskiy district of Udmurt Republic. The aim of research was to study growth dynamics of Kholmogor breed heifers till their 18 months and determine an interrelation with the indicators of their reproductive qualities. 6 groups of heifers with 5 cows per each selected from their birth were formed for the research in accordance with the genotype, age and live weight. All animals were relative by blood and had 78% of Holstein breed. Heifers from III and II groups in their 18^th months were distinguished by live weight for 8.0 kg. The highest average weight gain of heifers was reached before their 6 months and amounted 770.1 g, from 6 to 12 months it was by 71.6 g less and from 12 to 18 months – by 148.1 g less. There was a reliable difference in heifers average weight gain between II and III group and II and V groups by 14.9 and 9.5 g, respectively. The average age of the first insemination was 15.5 months with live weight of 382.8 kg. The duration of service period was above the standard in all groups, the least for 154.4 days was in VI group of cows, the longest for 225.8 days in II group. Coefficient of reproductive capacity equals 0.79, in this the animals from VI group excelled the indicator by 0.05. The intensity of heifers growth that affects the following reproductive qualities of Kholmogor cattle should be considered in the process of herd formation.

Key words: Kholmogor breed, group, life weight, gain, service period, insemination rate, interrelation.

FORESTRY

REGULATION AND PLACING OF PUBLIC GREEN SPACES OF YEKATERINBURG (=PDF=)

 L.I. Atkina, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor.
L. V. Bulatova, Post-Graduate Student
Ural State Forestry Engineering University
37, Sibirsky trakt St., Yekaterinburg, 620100 Russia
E-mail: atkina@mail.ru

 ABSTRACT

Urban greenery is one of the most important goals for the creation of friendly urban environment. The article examines the public green spaces of Yekaterinburg. It is spoken in detail about the results of the calculations of green spaces areas, considering their location in administrative districts and zones depending on the distance from the city center.  Data is given about 178 green public spaces with a total area of 13,144.52 hectares (34 city parks, 106 city squares, 24 boulevards, 14 forest parks around Yekaterinburg). It is established that green area of public objects with forest parks is 5.2 m2 per person on average.  The city has been growing from the center to outskirts, on this basis, the city territory was conditionally divided into four zones depending on the distance from the city center: the central zone with a radius of 2.5 km (1), the zone with a radius of 5 km (2), the zone with a radius of 10 km (3), and more than 10 km to the city perimeter (4). The least green area is located in the first and second zones, it occupies 3.3% and 4% of the total zone area and only 7.3% of the total area of greening objects. In the city center with a radius of 2,5 km green spaces cover 5.7% that is 2,5-3 times below normal. The greatest number of parks (77. 3%) is located in the third zone of the city. The main green areas are represented by forest parks and located in the third and fourth zones of Yekaterinburg. It is stressed that objects of urban greenery system are unevenly distributed throughout the city that is discernable in division of the city into administrative districts and zones depending on the distance from the city center. Recommendations are given for the establishment of an integrated green zone through the creation of green lines that would connect forest parks with public greening objects within the city.

Key words: greening objects, parks, square parks, boulevards, forest parks, greening rate.

RATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SELECTIVE CUTTING USING A GASOLINE SAW AND MINITRACTOR (=PDF=)

E. F. Gerz, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor
N. N. Terinov, Dr. Agr. Sci.
Ural State Forest Engineering University
37, Sibirsky trakt St., Yekaterinburg, 620100 Russia
E-mail: gerz.e@mаil.ru

ABSTRACT

The variant of the organization of selective cuttings with use of harvester for wide-swath technologies of development of site cutting is considered. With inaccessible for harvester distances harvesting of wood is supposed to be carried out with use of a gasoline saw and a mini-tractor. In this case, two variants of the works organization are considered. In the first variant, each separate worker performs only one operation (either only cutting trees, or only crosswise cutting of stems or crowning-off or transportation of harvested wood). In the second combined variant, one or two workers are involved into all these operations. At performance by one worker of the all works on tapes inaccessible harvester he uses a gasoline saw and a mini-tractor serially in necessary sequence at work with each cut down tree. At participation of two workers, the first worker carries out all necessary operations by a gasoline saw and the second one operates mini-tractor and carries out loading and transportation of wood to narrow strip. As estimated criteria, productivity and norms of time for performance of the works are considered. The calculations have shown that realization of all necessary technological operations by separate workers (the first variant) allows reducing expenses of time for performance of a complex of works in the considered range of characteristics of selective cuttings on 0.067-0.069 men hour / m3 or that makes 9.5-10.9%. At the same time, a performance of all complex of works by one worker inevitably goеs to reduction of operating ratio of a mini-tractor and a gasoline saw. One from two mechanisms will constantly not operate, that will significantly reduce the equipment productivity on a background of some increase of complex of worker resulting from the reduction of the time expenses for moving between trees.

Key words: selective cuttings, mini-tractor, transportation of wood to narrow strip, norm of time.