AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY

pp. 4-8

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON BARLEY GRAIN YIELD

V.D. Abashev, Dr. Agr. Sci.
F.A. Popov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
E.V. Svetlakova
North-East Agricultural Research Institute
166-a Lenina Street, Kirov 610007 Russia
E-mail: niish-sv@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Study on influence of increasing doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg of active matter/hectare) of full mineral fertilizer on productivity of various barley varieties was conducted in six-field grain-fallow-grass crop rotation in 1976-2014 in long-term stationary field of North-East Agricultural Research Institute. Soil of an experiment site is sod-podsolic middle-clay generated on eluvia of Perm clays. Agrochemical parameters of an arable layer before the experiment made: рНKCl – 4.8; content of Р2О5 – 46 mg/kg of soil, К2О — 160 mg/kg of soil, humus 1.5 %. Mineral fertilizers were input in spring in pre-sowing cultivation. Ammoniac nitrate, double superphosphate and chloride of potassium were used. Liming and introducing of organic fertilizers was not used. Productivity of all studied varieties of barley increased with increase in doses of mineral fertilizers up to level N90Р90К90. Introducing higher doses of NРК did not promote increase of barley productivity. The maximum productivity of barley on the average for 30 years equal to 4.18 t/ha has been received at entering full mineral fertilizer in a dose of 90 kg of acting matter / ha while harvest in the control variant was 1.68 t/ha only. A recoupment of 1 kg of acting matter of introduced fertilizers with barley grain on the average for 30 years has made 5.7-14.1 kg. The greatest recoupment was observed in a variant with the minimum dose N30Р30К30. Each increase in a dose of fertilizers led to decrease in a recoupment with barley grain. Among varieties cultivated in experience, the maximum productivity of 5 t/ha was provided in 1992–1995 with an intensive variety Dina bred in North-East Agricultural Research Institute at a dose of fertilizer N90Р90К90, and variety Bios 1 in 2000–2002 at dose N150Р150К150. Productivity of barley was defined basically by application of nitric and phosphoric fertilizers. In formation of addition grain yield of barley, the nitrogen share made 60 %, phosphorus – 25 %, potassium – 15 %. Barley cultivation was most effective economically at entering of full mineral fertilizer in a dose of 60 kg of active matter per hectare.
Key words: sod-podsolic soil, mineral fertilizers, barley productivity, variety, recoupment of fertilizers with grain, economic efficiency of application of fertilizers.

pp. 9-13

AGRO-ENERGY ESTIMATION OF CROP ROTATION LINKS «WINTER CROPS – SPRING RAPE» FOR DIFFERENT USE OF WINTER CROPS

E.D. Akmanaev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor; Iu.N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
J.S. Peshina, Cand. Agr. Sci.; A.S. Bogatyreva, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: j-peshina@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT
Intermediate crops are an important factor in the intensification of agriculture. They allow optimizing the use of arable land, increasing the utilization of arable land to 1.5-2 times, increase the production of fodder and improve its quality. In Permskii krai, mainly winter rye was used as an intermediate crop, but in recent years, the interest of the regional economy for winter triticale began to grow. In 2011-2014 in the experimental field of the Perm State Agricultural Academy an experiment was laid down on sod-podzolic soils of the Middle Urals with the purpose to find the most agro-energy effective link of intermediary sowing “winter crop –spring rape” for different use of winter grain crop. The effect of two factors was examined: Factor A – main crop in intermediate sowing: A1 – winter rye, A2 – winter triticale; Factor B – intermediate form of spring rape, the use of winter crops: B1 – postcut sowing, for herbage, B2 – postcut sowing, for grain forage; B3 – stubble, for grain. The use of winter crops for grain forage is the most effective. In cultivation rape in intermediate sowings, depending on the type of intermediate sowing, the lowest power consumption 6.0 and 6.9 MJ for 1 kg of product was in growing rape after harvest of winter crops for herbage. In comparative energy estimation of the link “winter crop – spring rape”, the advantage of postcut sowing after harvesting rye and triticale for grain forage was revealed. The energy efficiency of these options amounted to 3.9 and 3.6, respectively.
Key words: winter triticale, winter rye, spring rape, intermediate crop, productivity, agro-energy estimation, energy efficiency.

pp. 13-20

INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING TILLAGE AND SOWING TECHNIQUES ON NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM YIELD WITH VNIIMK 620 OIL FLAX IN THE CONDITIONS OF MIDDLE PREDURALIE

V. N. Goreeva, Cand. Agr. Sci.; E.V. Korepanova, Cand. Agr. Sci.; I. Sh. Fatykhov, Dr. Agr. Sci.;
K.V. Korepanova, Postgraduate Student
Izhevsk Agricultural Academy
16 Kirova St., Izhevsk 426069 Russia
E-mail: nir210@mail.ru; kkv8989@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The research was conducted in 2012-2014 on the experimental field of the JSC «Uchkhoz Iyulskoye IzhSAA» on sod-middle podsolic middle loamy soil. Sowing was carried out with the help of SN-16 (СН-16) for small seed crops, in micro-field – manually, with seeds of ES and RS category. The area of allotments in micro-field experiments – 1.05 m2, in field – 15 m2. Arable topsoil had the agrochemical following characteristic: increased content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium – from medium to very high. Exchange soil acidity slightly acidy and close to neutral. On average in all studied in experiment options, flax seed oil 620 VNIIMK per 1 ton of basic products (seeds) including straw yielded 26.0 kg of nitrogen, 13.0 kg of phosphorus, and 23.0 kg of potassium. In the experiment with diverse pre-sowing tillage to form 1 ton of seeds with the appropriate amount of straw oil flax yielded 36.9 kg of nitrogen, 12.1 kg of phosphorus, and 24.3 kg of potassium. Per 1 ton of seed with consideration of straw with different depth of sowing yield amounted to 27.8 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus – 13.8kg, and 26.3 kg of potassium. At different sowing time per 1 ton of seeds with the appropriate amount of straw on average by experience options, flax olive yielded 19.6 kg of nitrogen, 14.2 kg of phosphorus, and 21.5 kg of potassium. On average by experience options at different ways of crops and norms of seeding with 1 ton of seeds and the corresponding amount of straw flax olive took out 21.1 kg of nitrogen, 11.6 kg of phosphorus and 22.6 kg of potassium.
Key words: oil flax, VNIIMK 620, nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium yield, seeds, straw, chemical composition, main production, accessory products.

pp. 20-27

INFLUENCE OF AUTUMN TILLAGE EXPEDIENT AND WEATHER CONDITIONS ON SPRING WHEAT YIELD FORMATION AND ITS STRUCTURE

A.M. Lentochkin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
P.Y. Shirobokov, Graduate Student
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
L.A. Lentochkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor
16, Kirova St., Izhevsk 426033 Russia
E-mail: agro@izhgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
Arable layer of sod-podzolic soils in the Middle Urals is characterized by their ability to thicken considerably during the growing season, increasing this figure to the lower limit of the optimum state (1.3 g/cm3). Spring wheat has a poorly developed root system with low digesting ability. This causes the increased need for favorable growing conditions. Autumn tillage has a significant impact on water, air, heat and nutrient regimes, changing its structural condition. The aim of our research is to develop an optimal tillage system, providing high productivity and economic efficiency of spring wheat growing process technology. It was found, that the average grain yield of spring wheat in an unfavorable year was less than 4 times as compared to the favorable one. The studied techniques of autumn tillage on sod-podzolic soil with medium-loam soil weakly resisted drought. We considered two contrasting conditions of the growing season, on average, the highest yield was obtained due to moldboard plowing – 2.56 t/ha. The yield was on the same level (2.21-2.58 t/ha; LSD05 = 0.36 t/ha) using KMBD 3×4P; PC-2.5; KPI 3.8 and BDT-3.0. Direct seeding showed a significantly lower yield – 2.05 t/ha. The techniques of autumn tillage did not influence the terms of haulm stand production (the density of seedlings, the number of productive plants) and grain content. But at the same time a deep autumn tillage PLN-5-35 and PC-2.5 provided the greatest mass value of 1000 seeds (32.8 g). All other methods of tillage KMBD 3×4P; KPI-3.8 and BDT-3.0, relating to minimum tillage and direct seeding significantly reduced the mass value of 1000 seeds on 5-11 %.
Key words: spring wheat, tillage, grain crop yield, structure of crop yield.

pp. 27-33

CULTIVATION OF FORAGE CROPS IN MIXED SOWINGS UNDER CONDITIONS OF RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES

E.V. Smolsky, Cand. .Agr. Sci.
V.F. Shapovalov, Dr. Agr. Sci.
G.L. Yagovenko, Dr. Agr. Sci.
A.L. Silayev, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Bryansk State Agricultural University
2a Sovetskaya St., Kokino, Vygonichsky district, Bryanskaya oblast 243365 Russia
E-mail: bgsha@bgsha.com

ABSTRACT
As a result of the Chernobyl accident the considerable part of agricultural areas of the south-west of the Central region of the Russian Federation was polluted by long-living radionuclides. There was a need for development of rehabilitation methods for these territories providing ecologically safe forages. In the conditions of the Bryansk region in 2011-2013 on sod-podsolic sandy soil with a density of pollution of 137Cs 850 kBq/m2 introduction of potash fertilizers and specific structure of cultures in the mixed crops for receiving forages with the smallest accumulation 137Cs were studied. Applied norms of potassium – 0, 180, 210 kg/hectare, components in mix were lupine with oats, ryegrass, Sudan grass and millet. It was revealed that the maximum level of productivity without use of potash fertilizers, 8.45-8.49 t/hectare formed by lupine mixes with Sudan grass and with millet. Consistently increasing doses of potassium (K180 and K210) had weak impact on increase in productivity. Potash fertilizers in a dose of K180 allow receiving application from 1.8 to 4.1 kg of hay per 1 kg of introduced fertilizers depending on mix components. The contents 137Cs in forage crops hay in mixed crops without use of fertilizers varied from 247 to 572 Bq/kg depending on specific composition of herbage, so the standard was exceeded only in cultivation of lupine with Sudan grass and ryegrass. Under the influence of potassium, intake 137Cs into forage crops yield decreased. The guaranteed receiving of forage crops hay corresponding with the standard of contents in them 137Cs was provided through introduction of potash fertilizer in K210 dose.
Key words: mixed crops, yellow lupine, oats, annual ryegrass, Sudan grass, millet, productivity, 137Cs, milk, meat, dose of internal radiation.

pp. 33-39

INFLUENCE OF MULTI-AGE GALEGA ORIENTALIS AGROPHYTOCENOSES ON PHOSPHATE MODE OF FALLOW AGROSOD-PODSOLIC HEAVY LOAMY SOILS

M.G. Subbotina, Cand. Agr. Sci.; L.A. Mikhailova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
M.A. Alioshin, Cand.,Agr.Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: agrohim@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
Changes in phosphate mode were studied in conditions of Preduralie in 2014 on 2 plots with agrosod-podsolic heavy loamy soils in connection with tillage termination and development of spontaneous post-agrogenic Galega orientalis Lam. Agrophytocenoses. The first plot was used as fallow for 3 years, the second – for 15 years. Control was stationary variant of the experiment with the most similar to other plots mobile phosphorus provision level. The determination of fractional composition of mineral phosphates was conducted by Ginzburg-Lebedeva method.
Fact description of species composition, biomass plants and accounting values of the projective cover are held on the plots of the fallow land. Postagrogenic character of use contributed to a decrease in the number of trisubstituted and amount of calcium phosphates, with a significant increase of fraction Al- and Fe-phosphates. Their share in the total amount of phosphates for 12 years increased by 3%, which amounted to 762 mg/kg of soil. An increase of the content of friable of alkali-earth calcium phosphates to 90 mg/kg of soil on the plots with more aged agrophytocenosis due to the ability of Galega orientalis root system to absorb and convert phosphorus of trisubstituted calcium phosphates into more accessible for plants form. Changing the phosphate groups ratio toward the faction of the sesquioxides of ferrum and aluminum takes place on post-agrogenic plots by converting part of alkali and alkali-earth phosphates in humic organic phosphate compounds as indicated by the higher microbiological activity of soil on the plots with Galega orientalis agrophytocenoses.
Key words: phosphate mode, fallow agrosod-podsolic soil, Galega оrientalis Lam., fractional composition of mineral phosphates, total exchangeable bases.

AGRO-ENGINEERING

pp. 40-48

ABOUT NATURAL INTERRELATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY,
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL STATES OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEM ELEMENTS

V.S. Koshman, Cand. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
113, G.Khasana St., Perm 614025 Russia
E-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
The quality of processing crop and livestock production depends on the maintenance of normal thermal modes of power plants. This involves the use of sensors for monitoring their thermal state. For this purpose, it was offered to use the relationship between the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of metals, known as Wiedemann-Franz ratio (law). The known solutions of the Wiedemann-Franz equation related to Lorentz number were considered. While searching expressions for the thermal conductivity, Debye’s formula was supplemented with the equation reflecting the bond of heat flow rate density by thermal conductivity in the metal sample with a share of the heat flow rate density of its own radiation. The ratio to calculate Lorentz number of especially pure metals was obtained taking into account their volume heat capacity, the number of valence electrons per atom and the melting temperature based on the well-known expression for the electrical conductivity of the metal and the experimental data. A ratio useful both for the development of sensors for monitoring the thermal state of heat-stressed components and for assemblies of metal structures by measuring electrical resistivity of the metal during the operation was proposed.
Key words: metals, steel, alloys, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, Sommerfeld-Tamm formula, Debye’s formula, own thermal radiation, Wiedemann-Franz equation, Lorentz number, thermal state sensor.

pp. 48-53

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION FOR PARAMETERS OF SEED DISPERSAL WITH SINGLE-SEED DRILL

A.F. Koshurnikov, Cand.Ing.Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: shm@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
The proposed work aims at the search for seed dispersal parameter estimations with such characteristics as efficiency, viability and unbiasedness using maximum likelihood methods. Several mathematical models were developed for seed dispersal in single-grain sowing. When the average distance between seeds is small enough, relative influence of factors dispersing seeds (fluctuations of sowing disc, uncertainty of the moment when seeds fall down from cells, seeds trajectories, seeds scattering in furrows) is quite high. That leads to the model of simple stream. The proof of basic dispersal parameters membership (density , dispersion ) of the maximum likelihood estimation enables the possibility of their objective assessment, including construction of confidence intervals and determination of required dimensions that guarantee specified accuracy of research results.
Key words: seed dispersal, parameters estimation, maximum likelihood.

pp. 54-59

IMPROVEMENT OF ASSESSING METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGETIC QUALITIES FOR TRACTOR FUELS UNITS INAGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

A.T. Mantashov, Cand. Ing. Sci.,
V.M. Demenev,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: tsat@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
Use of alternative flammable, as well use of different additives that change the properties of fuels require a different approach when assessing their environmental and energy qualities. Here is one of possible directions is the use of a more accurate method of calculating the composition and parameters of the products of fuel combustion. In order to analyze the dependence of combustion engine’s energy characteristics on fuel composition, numerical technique is required to apply for calculating thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of combustion residues with introduction of new chemical compounds into fuel. The paper contains the algorithm of calculating and an example of calculating combustion products composition and their state parameters using method of successive approximations: natural gas and air. Example of calculation of an algorithm can be applied in determining the composition and parameters of the combustion residues when using various flammable in combustion engines, including alternative, even with additives that modify their properties. Some conclusions on work were drawn.
Key words: relative chemical formula, stoichiometric ratio of fuel components, oxidant excess coefficient, combustion residue, material-balance equation, method of successive approximations.

BOTANY AND SOIL SCIENCE

pp. 60-64

ROLE OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY IN THE PROBLEM SOLUTION
OF FODDER BEAN HERBS SEED EFFICIENCY INCREASE

N.L. Koliasnikova, Dr.Bio.Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: Kolyasnikova@list.ru

ABSTRACT
As objects of research, some bean herbs served: Medicago, Trifolium, Melilotus. Fertility of pollen was defined on temporary preparations. Pollen fertility was studied by painting grains with acetocarmine. Fertility of seed buds was studied by means of luminescent and iodic techniques. Seed efficiency was determined by Vaynagiya technique. The real seed efficiency of the investigated species was ten times less than the potential. Identification of the reasons of low coefficient of efficiency is a necessary stage in selection programs for increase of cultural plants productivity. The reasons of decrease in seed efficiency were established. There was a sterilization of seed buds before pollination. In the studied species, it reaches 32%. Sterilization is caused by genetic and physiological factors. In top flowers of an inflorescence, the percent of sterile seed buds was higher. There was a death of the fertile, impregnated seed buds. Such pictures were observed in plants of different types of Trifolium (to 16%). Part of flowers remains not pollinated and fertile seed buds – not impregnated. It is caused by adverse conditions of the environment, shortage of pollinators, the existence of other species blossoming at the same time. Further, there was a degeneration of not impregnated seed buds. The main share of decrease in seed efficiency at the studied plants of Medicago (to 46% of seed buds) and Melilotus (to 50%), to a less extent in Trifolium is the share of this stage (to 32%). This period is defining for future yield of seeds.
Key words: fodder bean herbs, potential and real seed efficiency, fertility, sterility.

pp. 64-72

MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FEATURES OF SOILS ON HOMGI-NYOL MOUNTAIN (NORTHERN URALS, VISHERA RESERVE)

I.A. Samofalova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: samofalovairaida@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Conditions of formation and morphological features of mountain soils in the Northern Urals in the territory of the State natural Vishera reserve were studied. The territory is located within the mountain country with altitudes 800-1200 m and fragments of the central backbones of the Urals. A detailed morphological description of soils is particularly important in the mountain areas, as at a higher altitude conditions of soil formation lead to the formation of the soil, which differences appear in color, structure, horizons depth. The studies used the profile, comparative geographical methods. Classification soil location on substantively-genetic soil classification, 2004 was morphologically defined. In goltsy belt, soil formation is 8-9…30-31 cm, in subgoltsy belt – 21…42, in mountain-forest belt – 22…75. In mountainous tundra low-depth soil formed (podburs and petrozems), on which it is possible to diagnose the initial soil formation. In the subgoltsy zone in birch-spruce hurtleberry in mountain elfin-woodland sub-belt podsolized podburs are formed, in moderate meadow among park sparse forest and woodland organo-accumulative grey humic soil is formed, and in sparse forests with high-grass meadow – rzhavozioms. In mountain-forest belt on the slopes with a gradient more than 5 degrees low-power litozems are formed, and on more gentle slopes at the bottom of the mountain-forest belt sod-podzol illuvial-glandular with gleysolic features are formed. The main morphological and genetic features of soil were revealed: rank soil, short profile, clear horizons differentiation, gleyzation, ferrugination, podzolization.
Key words: altitudinal zone, vegetation, genesis of mountain soils, soil morphological features, soil classification.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 73-77

VITAFORT PROBIOTIC IN DIETS OF LAMBS IN PREWEANING PERIOD

A.A. Kamilyanov, Postgraduate Student
Bashkir State Agrarian University
450001, Ufa, 50-letiya Octyabrya St., 34,
E-mail: kamilyanov.aidar@rambler.ru
F.S. Khaziahmetov, Dr. Agr. Sci, Professor
Bashkir State Agrarian University
450001, Ufa, 50-letiya Octyabrya St., 34
E-mail: fail56@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Norms of feeding lambs with the Vitafort probiotic were investigated in conditions of Republic Bashkortostan in the period from 2013 to 2015. The research was conducted for the purpose to determine the effect of Vitafort probiotic on growth and development rate of animals, their preservation in preweaning period, exterior indicators, as well as features of the Bacillus subtilis 11B bacteria impact on metabolic parameters in lambs. The animals in the control and experimental groups were selected according to the method of paired analogs, and lambs were grown under identical conditions. Ration of animals in control and experimental groups was identical. The only difference was that lambs of experimental groups were fed with the Vitafort probiotic in the morning hours before feeding for 5 days at 7-day intervals. The probiotic was fed orally. Duration of the experiment was 110 days. Five groups were formed: Group 1 – control 1 without probiotic, Group 2 – control 2 with Vetom probiotic – 50 mg / kg, Group 3 – 1 experienced with 0.02 ml Vitafort probiotic, Group 4– Experimental 2 0.1 ml of the Vitafort probiotic, Group 5 – Experiment with 0.2 ml of 3 Vitafort probiotic. The daily dose of the Vitafort probiotic feeding presented per 10 kg live weight of lambs. Use of Vitafort probiotic in diets of lambs in a dose of 0.1 ml per 10 kg of live weight has increased average daily growth by 9.6 % (Р<0.01) compared to the common control group and it was at 4.3 % higher with Vetom probiotic in the second control group (Р<0.05). When using Vitafort probiotic, lambs of the experimental group showed a tendency to increase exterior indicators: height at withers, height at sacrum, oblique body length, chest width, chest girth, width head of femur, girth metacarpus. Research lamb blood in all the control and test groups showed that morphological and biochemical values of animal blood were within physiological standard. Within physiological standard there was increased hemoglobin, crude protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus in the fourth test group compared to the first control group. The same changes were observed in the second control group with Vetom probiotic in the main diet (Р<0.05).
Key words: lambs, the growth and development, average daily gain, exterior, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood.

pp. 78-84

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SKINS OF YOUNG FUR ANIMALS

O.N. Sukhikh, Post-Graduate Student
N.V. Pronina, Post-Graduate Student
A.E. Kokorina
Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming
79 Preobrazenskaya St., Kirov 610000 Russia
Е-mail: bio.vniioz@mail.ru
O.Yu. Bespyatykh, PhD in Biol., Associate Professor
Vyatka State University of Humanities
26 Krasnoarmeyskaia St., Kirov 610002 Russia
Е-mail: b__oleg@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
A new drug of world level is Lignohumate, which is a powder or a 20% solution based on potassium salts of humic acids. Lignohumate in poultry and pig production stimulates the growth of animals, increases the resistance of organism, improves metabolism. In fur farming it is not used, so the objective was to study the influence of Lignohumate on the quality of skins of young fur-bearing animals. The study was carried out with young foxes, minks and arctic foxes bred in the Kirov region in 2012-2013. Four groups of animals at the age of 2 months (beginning of July) were formed. Animals of the experimental group received additionally to the diet 20% solution of Lignohumate in 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ml/kg in proportion to body weight, respectively. Animals of the control group did not receive the drug. After the formation of hairline winter (November), animals were killed and the quality of the skins was assessed according to GOST. The majority of animals treated with Lignohumate, grew faster than the control animals. The size of the skins, the presence of defects therein and the classification of skins by quality indicates varied in different experimental groups. Nevertheless, they were higher in the experimental groups than in the control group. Therefore, the inclusion of Lignohumate in the diet helps to accelerate the growth of body and improve the quality of skins of young fur-bearing animals. The optimal dose of Lignohumate for foxes is 0.1, for arctic foxes and minks – 0.2 ml/kg of body weight. The drug is to enter the ration in the first 10 days of each month, making two-day breaks every 5 days of feeding.
Key words: fur animals, mink, fox, arctic fox, the growth of animals, the quality of the skin, lignohumate.

ECONOMY AND ACCOUNTANCY

pp. 85-91

COMPETITIVE ABILITIES OF AGRICULTURE AS RESOURCE POTENTIAL USE EFFICIENCY INDICATOR

T.A. Dozorova, Doctor of Economics, Professor,
T.N. Sushkova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor,
M.R. Bogapova, Graduate Student
Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy
1 Boulevard Noviy Venets, Ulyanovsk 432017 Russia
E-mail: t.dozorova@yandex.ru, bogapova-marina@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT
To assess the current competitive possibilities of the region, the indicators system was applied. As the competitive ability of agriculture depends on the combined effect of many factors, integrated quantitative estimation of regional competitiveness was carried out using the consolidated cumulative indicator, which is formed by a multitude of private indicators giving the characteristic of individual blocks. For the integrated assessment of the competitive capabilities of municipal districts of Ulyanovsk region, the authors proposed a methodical approach, which is presented in the article in two blocks (operational and investing). Ranking of metropolitan areas on individual competitive positions allowed assessing the situation in the region in addressing the competitive challenges in the development of the rural territory. Applied rating allowed identification of 5 regions-leaders in the Ulyanovskaya oblast: Melesskii, Novomalyklinskii, Cherdaklinskii, Ulyanovskii, Surskii. The analysis also showed that there are large economic differences of competitive capacity of Ulyanovskaya oblast’s municipal districts. With such a large economic space polarization in the region, there is no reason to talk about the growth of the regional economy as an entire single body. All this has identified manufacturing capabilities of municipal districts in Ulyanovskaya oblast for agricultural production. Undoubtedly, it should be taken into account in the elaboration of regional socio-economic development programmes.
Key words: regional economy, competitive advantages of agriculture, operational and investing activities, resource potential.

pp. 91-95

STUDY OF THE CONDITIONS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION:
CYCLICAL APPROACH TO FORECASTING FOOD PRODUCTION

T.N. Zakharchenko
Financial-economic administration authority of the Perm district
Office 11, 74A Verkhnemullinskaya St., Perm 614000 Russia
E-mail: orp-feu@yandex.ru
F.Z. Michurina, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614099 Russia
E-mail: kafedrapgsha@bk.ru

ABSTRACT
The problem of import substitution has become very important. Increase the production of products is a worthy objective for development of the food industry branches. The authors propose to determine the possibility to solve the tasks based on the current structure of gross production of agricultural products and food products. Over a long period in Permskii krai there was a steady decline in production of main kinds of agricultural products. Using the theory of Kondratyev long waves and statistics data for 1935-2014 about the volume of the gross production of the main types of products (milk, meat, grain) and food in the region (meat and sausage products, bread and bakery products, flour, dairy products), the authors constructed dynamics and forecast models to the year 2020. It resulted in the findings about cyclicality nature of the constructed models, of their proximity to the actual cycle of meat products production. It is supposed to increase production of basic food products. In this case, the results of the study give grounds to assert that the food industry in the medium term will increase production, using raw materials imported from other regions. The results of the study are helpful in support of agricultural policies in the region or in revising it.
Key words: agriculture production, food production, Kondratyev long waves, forecasting.

pp. 96-103

ROLE OF AGRO-FOOD CLUSTER IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY
IN THE REGION

L.V. Tushkaeva,
Buryat State Agricultural Academy
12, Pushkina St., Ulan-Ude 670024 Russia
E-mail: lary78@yandex.ru
E.B. Naydanova, Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor
East-Siberian State Technology and Management University
40B, Kluchevskaya St., Ulan-Ude 670024 Russia
E-mail: etzhena_bolotova@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
One of the topical directions when establishing an effective agricultural policy of the Republic of Buryatia is the clustering of agri-food unit of the agricultural sector. As the integration in agriculture will enable many enterprises of the industry to a new level of development, there will be great opportunities in the formation of the structure of production. The authors studied the conditions for the establishment and functioning of the agro-industrial complex integrated structures at the regional level, as well as revealed regional specificity of agro-food clusters, which is to focus on geographically-based agro-industrial branch associations. This paper presents an analysis of the development of the agricultural sector in Buryatia over the past years, on the basis of which some problem areas of the development of this trend are presented, but also the authors marked the development prospects and the potential for the region. The core role of agro-food cluster was highlighted, that is, at the expense of the region’s competitive advantages in the market of agricultural products, raw materials to provide their own high-quality food to the population of the region. The authors present the main measures that can give the opportunity to increase the production in the region, to stabilize food prices and give impetus to the development of agri-food cluster in the Republic of Buryatia.
Key words: agricultural policy, food market, the agro-food cluster, integrated structures, food security.

pp. 103-109

STATE OF STAFFING RUSSIA’S AGRICULTURE

T.M. Yarkova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: tanyayarkova@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The article reflects the relevant aspects of human potential status in the agricultural industry of the Russian Federation. Problems of demography, underdeveloped rural areas, the weakening economic development, reforms in education – all contribute to the strengthening and globalization of serious problem staffing of agricultural producers. Expert evaluation showed that every manager strives to find a variety of management capabilities to improve the skills of their own staff members. However, the majority of the problems is based on the financial condition projected on the wages of employees and to assist them with the possibility for professional training outside the farms. Rural population slightly increased in the last three analyzed years. However, agricultural producers are experiencing a severe shortage of staff. There is no need for managers and specialists but mainly for skilled workers (35%) of mass professions basic for the industry (tractor drivers, milking machine operators). In this connection, special attention should be paid to the decision to increase the staff, to take into account previously not used in Russia’s practice WTO measures aimed at improving human resources. Also a rational sequence of education and training of staff in the organization (management) should be applied with the obligatory participation of the state.
Key words: shots, agriculture, professionalism, qualification, training.