PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
pp. 4-12
SEED GRADING DURING ITS CLEANING FROM HARD-SEPARABLE IMPURITIES ON GRAVITY SORTING TABLES
V.M. Drincha, Dr .Tech. Sci.,
F.S. Filatov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.
Arctic State Agrotechnological University
3, Sergelyakhskoe Shosse 3 km St., Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia, 677007
E-mail: vdrincha@list.ru
ABSTRACT
The results of experimental research of seed grading while processing on a gravity sorting table (GST) with pneumatic separators are presented. Two processing flows of seed grading are investigated: the seeds prepared for cleaning on a GST were preliminarily separated on a pneumatic separator into two approximately equal fractions (first design); the seeds were first divided into two fractions on a GST with the release of waste up to 10% and every fraction was processed on a pneumatic separator (second design). The experiments were carried out on the PSS-0.2 breading gravity sorting table and on the Petkus K 293 pneumatic separator. The object of research was preliminary cleaned and dried wheat seeds of the «Strela» variety, obtained in the Perm Krai, with an average moisture content of 9.65 ± 1%. The seeds were processed on a seed cleaning line which included air-and-screen cleaners, trieur machines, and a GST of the BPS-3U model. Sample analysis of initial and cleaned materials for purity and content of other seeds was carried out in accordance with the standard. The purity of seeds of initial material was 96.28 ± 3.1% and the content of seeds of other plants was 277 pcs/kg. It is revealed during the research that processing technology for dried seeds with preliminary separation of them into two fractions according to aerodynamic properties with subsequent cleaning on a GST allows us, from a heavy fraction of seeds isolated from a seed heap of wheat with hard-separable impurities on a pneumatic separator in an amount of 46.28% with losses less than 10%, to obtain seeds of higher quality in terms of purity and seed content of other plants. With the preliminary grading of seeds into two fractions on a GST with the release of waste up to 10% and further processing of separately obtained fractions on a pneumatic separator, the quality of seeds in all fractions did not change significantly. This subsequence of seed grading is of no interest for increasing the efficiency of seed cleaning on a GST. Therefore, increase in efficiency of seed separation by controlling their physical and mechanical properties before feeding to the GST is a relevant scientific task for the development of technologies of post-harvest seed treatment. Research materials can be used in design organizations that develop machines for seed treatment and grain processing as well as in breeding institutions and seed-growing enterprises.
Key words: gravity sorting table, pneumatic separator, seeds, cleaning, sorting, impurity, fraction.
pp. 13-20
ASSESSMENT OF MIXED FEED DOSING BY SPIRAL-SCREW TYPE DEVICE
E.A. Lyalin, Cand. Tech. Sci.,
M.A. Trutnev, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor,
N.V. Trutnev, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru
ABSTRACT
Dosing of dry concentrated feed to milking cows is one of the most important tasks in the field of animal husbandry mechanization. Volumetric dosing devices are more reliable and easy to produce. Volumetric dispensers also include a spiral-screw dispenser – special case of auger. Research results of operating process of spiral-screw dispenser are presented at a different stop position of the last turn of transporting spiral at the end of discharge hole of cylindrical cover unit. Method of determination, physical and mechanical properties of pelleted mixed feed are presented. Laboratory installation allowed changing the setting angle of spiral on the drive shaft. To investigate the effect of stop angle of the last turn of transporting spiral on the accuracy of feed portion, spirals with a diameter of 49, 73, 97 mm with different pitch were used. It is found during the experiment that the dispenser provides the highest accuracy of pelleted feed dosing for all examined spiral sizes. Accuracy is estimated by coefficients of variation in the range of 0.56-17.5% when spiral end stops in the lower front part of discharge hole.
Key words: spiral-screw dispenser, accuracy of portion formation, dosing, shutter, setting angle, turn.
pp. 21-30
INVESTIGATION OF DEFECTS AND WEAR OF STEERING VALVE PARTS OF KAMAZ VEHICLE
S.V. Chervyakov,
A.V. Stolyarov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
Ogarev Moscow State University
68, Bolshevistskaya St., Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, 430005
E-mail: cabto@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Failure of the steering mechanism of KAMAZ truck is often associated with a performance loss of the control valve. Analysis of valve defects showed that the reason for performance loss is increased wear of the edges of spool and body. The shape of worn surfaces represents a cone with maximum clearance located closer to the end of edge. Micrometric studies of presented surfaces on a Taylor-Hobson profilometer showed that the edges of spool and body have a comparable degree of wear both in radius and in length. The average wear of body edges along the length is 1.1 times more than the average wear of spool edges. The average radial wear of body edges is 1.7 times more than the average radial wear of spool edges, which is equal to 0.051 mm. Subsequently, in the course of research, it was found that the surface wear of spool edges does not exceed 110 μm, which makes it possible to select the electrical resistance welding of tape through the intermediate sublayer as its recovery technology.
Key words: valve, steering control, defects, wear of parts, KAMAZ vehicle.
AGRONOMY
pp. 31-30
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON YIELD CAPACITY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEREAL HAYLAGE OF MIXED WINTER CROPS
M.A. Aleshin, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: matvei0704@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of field experiment aimed at determing the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilization (Factor B – N0; N30; N45; N60) on productivity of pure and mixed sowings (Factor A) formed by triticale and vetch winter crops. The research was carried out on sod-podzolic soil of the Perm Krai. The yield capacity of winter vetch-triticale mixed agrocenoses varied depending on the ratio of composition elements and doses of nitrogen fertilization. Addition of winter vetch to agrocenosis, with a corresponding decrease in the share of triticale to 75%, then to 50 and 25%, led to an increase in yield capacity from 9.6 to 11.9, then to 12.5 t/ha. Nitrogen fertilization contributed to an increase in plant productivity. The maximum yield capacity in the study (14.6 t/ha) was obtained in a mixed agrocenosis – winter triticale 25% + winter vetch 75% with a dose of nitrogen fertilization equal to 45 kg/ha. A higher response of winter mixed sowings to nitrogen fertilization (20.4…133.3 kg/kg) was recorded at a dose of 30 kg/ha. An increase in the share of winter vetch in agrocenoses leads to a significant decrease in their response to nitrogen doses. A higher amount of «raw» nutrients and fodder units is found in cereal haylage obtained in mixed sowings with an equivalent crop ratio or predominance of legume component if nitrogen fertilization is applied at a dose of 45 and 60 kg/ha.
Key words: nitrogen dose, mixed sowing, cereal haylage, biochemical composition.
pp. 31-40
YIELD CAPACITY, TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GRAIN QUALITY AND BAKING PROPERTIES OF WINTER WHEAT FLOUR
T.S. Kalabina, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
S.L. Eliseev, Dr. Arg. Sci., Professor,
N.N. Yarkova, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: Verschininats@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Winter wheat plays an important role in regard to food problems. Following the cultivation technology, especially sowing time, it is possible to obtain a high yield and high-quality grain of this crop. In different areas of cultivation, sowing period is different. Therefore, the study of the issue in the Middle Preduralie is relevant. The article contains data of two-year research devoted to the impact of sowing time on yield capacity, grain quality, and baking properties of winter wheat flour of the Moskovskaya 39 variety. The variety is characterized by high baking qualities and included in the list of strong wheat improvers. Agricultural techniques corresponded to recommended ones for winter crops of this region. Sowing was carried out on August 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and September 2. It is established that the period from August 21 to September 2 might be considered as optimal time for sowing winter wheat in the Middle Preduralie. When crops of this variety ripen in weather-friendly years, it is possible to certainly obtain grain of the 3rd quality class with appropriate technological qualities: natural weight – 735-802 g/l; vitreousness – 52-66%; fall number – 256-351 s; weight fraction of crude gluten – 26.0-35.0%; weight fraction of protein – 14.0-15.8%; GDM – 76-90 units. It is also revealed that technological and baking qualities of the Moskovskaya 39 winter wheat greatly depend on weather conditions, to a lesser extent, on sowing time. Thus, only natural weight of grain increases by 3-21 g/l and falling number by 20-58 s in the variants with an optimal sowing time, no change is revealed for other indicators. It is found that the flour properties of grain do not depend on the studied factors (year and sowing time). The total baking assessment of flour is equal to 4.4-4.6 points. Baking qualities of winter wheat flour do not depend on sowing time. Under favorable weather conditions, the total baking assessment increases by 0.1-0.2 points.
Key words: winter wheat, sowing time, yield capacity, quality of grain and flour.
pp. 41-49
INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES ON ACCUMULATION OF ECDYSTEROIDS IN RHAPONTICUM CARTHAMOIDES (Willd.) IIjin
D.A. Matolinets,
M.A. Soloveva, Cand. Chem. Sci.,
N.N. Matolinets,
PFRC UB RAS «Perm Research Institute of Agriculture»
12, Kultury St., s. Lobanovo, Perm Krai, Russia, 614532
E-mail: putilova92@inbox.ru
ABSTRACT
The article presents the research results of Rhaponticum carthamoides in the Perm Krai and the analysis of scientific publications which identified factors affecting the content of 20-hydroxyecdysone in plant raw materials. Rhaponticum carthamoides is a promising fodder plant with immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory properties and a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body, on productive and reproductive functions of animals. Assessment of influence of cultivation techniques on both biosynthesis and accumulation of physiologically active substances in fodder plants as well as preservation of their initial content in raw materials during harvesting and storage process is relevant. Natural and climatic conditions of the Perm Krai are favorable for the growth of Rhaponticum carthamoides. The research was carried out on experimental field of Perm Research Institute of Agriculture in 2010-2016. It is found that the content of 20-ecdysterone in plant raw materials is possible to control through the creation of optimal operating practice and set of agrotechnical methods during cultivation.
Key words: Rhaponticum carthamoides,ecdysterone, 20-hydroxyecdysone.
pp. 49-59
QUALITY OF BULK FEED IN THE PERM KRAI AND WAYS TO IMPROVE IT
N.A. Morozkov, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
E.V. Sukhanova, Post-Graduate Student,
N.Y. Zavyalova, Dr. Bio. Sci.,
PFRC UB RAS «Perm Research Institute of Agriculture»
12, Kultury St., s. Lobanovo, Perm Krai, Russia, 614532
ABSTRACT
The aim of research is to study the quality of grass feed (hay, silage, haylage) harvested in the farms of the Perm Krai in the period of 2017-2019. The research is intended to justify the introduction of additional indicators of feed quality in a complete zootechnical analysis such as: digestible protein, split and non-split protein in the rumen, neutral and acid-detergent fiber, α, β, and γ-carotene. According to the results of feed research, the quality of cereal-legume and cereal hay is significantly low, none of the samples reaches 10 MJ/kg in the content of exchange energy, the level of carotene is more than 2 times lower than the norm. Maize silage in 56% of samples does not meet the State Standard (GOST) for dry matter – below 20% content of DM. Out of the total silage volume, thirteen batches of silage should not be fed to cattle due to the high content of butyric acid. The amount of silage harvested from dried grasses if significantly small. Grass feed of better quality is obtained from legume vegetable raw material. Haylage in plastic packaging is the highest quality feed among the bulk feed harvested in the farms of the Perm Krai. Out of the total volume of tested feed, 92% of the batches are classified as I-II rank. This type of feed is characterized by high energy saturation – up to 13.33 MJ/kg of DM as well as an increased content of crude protein – up to 23.29% per kg of DM, especially batches of eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) and alfalfa (Medicago) and a mixture of clover and alfalfa. The amount of this feed harvested in the Perm Krai is significantly small – 2% of the total volume of feed production. The research of feed samples was carried out in an accredited analytical laboratory of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PFRC UB RAS). The scientific novelty of research is presented in a detailed study of the biochemical composition of vegetable feeds in the Perm Krai and an assessment of their quality.
Key words: vegetable feeds, carotene, exchange energy, haylage, maize silage, legume hay, crude fiber, crude protein.
VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY
pp. 70-79
INFLUENCE OF PARATYPICAL FACTORS ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK IN COWS OF THE RED-AND-WHITE BREED
L.V. Efimova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Leading Researcher,
E.V. Gatilova, Cand. Bio. Sci., Senior Researcher
Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry –
Separate Subdivision of the Federal Research Center of the KSC SB RAS
66, Prospect Mira St., Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660049
E-mail: krasniptig75@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
The purpose of research is to study the influence of paratypical factors on milk productivity of cows and physicochemical properties of cows’ milk. The object of research are cows of the Red-and-White breed at the age of 1st and 2nd lactations (n=138). The following paratypical factors are studied: live weight (less than 500, 500-550, and more than 550 kg), milk yield per lactation (less than 5000, 5000-6000, and more than 6000 kg), and lactation phase (10-100, 101-200, 201-300 days). As a result of research, it is established that the factor «live weight in 1st lactation» influenced the milk yield in 1st lactation and fat content in 2nd lactation. The highest indicators are observed in cows with a live weight of more than 550 kg (plus 857 kg of milk and 0.36% of fat content in milk of cows with a live weight less than 500 kg; plus 563 kg of milk in cows with a live weight of 500-550 kg). The factor «level of milk yield in 1st lactation» influenced the fat content and protein of milk in 1st lactation as well as the daily milk yield of cows in 2nd lactation. In cows with a milk yield of 5000-6000 kg compared with cows with a milk yield less than 5000 kg, the fat content in milk was less by 0.06%, the protein content of milk – by 0.01%. In cows with a milk yield of more than 6000 kg, the difference with the same group in fat content and protein was 0.12 and 0.02%, respectively. In terms of daily milk yield, cows with a milk yield of more than 6000 kg in 1st lactation exceeded cows with a milk yield less than 5000 by 5.4 kg, cows with a milk yield of 5000-6000 kg – by 4.0 kg. The factor «phase of 2nd lactation» influenced the daily milk yield (plus 4.1 and 3.7 kg in 1st and 2nd phases to the 3rd phase) and the fat content in milk (plus 0.38 and 0.27% in cows of 3rd phase to the 1st and 2nd phases). An indicator of lactose content was higher in cows in the 3rd phase of lactation by 0.27% compared to the 2nd phase. Variance analysis confirmed the influence of the factor «live weight in 1st lactation» on the milk yield and protein content (the influence power was 18.2 and 5.8%). The factor «level of milk yield in 1st lactation» had an impact on the daily milk yield of 2nd lactation (12.3%), the factor «2nd lactation phase» – on daily milk yield and protein content of milk (12.6 and 7.1%).
Key words: paratypical factors, live weight, milk yield, lactation phase, milk productivity, physicochemical properties of milk, cow, the Red-and White breed.
pp. 80-86
PATHOLOGIES OF CAT PREGNANCY AND PARTURATION DURING GERIATRIC PERIOD. PARTICULAR CASE
M.I. Larionova, Post-Graduate Student,
N.A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
113, Geroev Khasana St., Perm, Russia, 14025
E-mail: 777777444444@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Lately the number of visits to veterinary clinics with animals of old age significantly increased. It is worth noting that animals older than 7 years are classified as geriatric patients. Such patients requires special skills from a vet. Despite the fact that a huge breakthrough was made in the treatment of old age animals, issues around the treatment of geriatric patients, in particular cats with pathologies of reproductive system, remain open. In spite of vets’ propaganda of early sterilization of the cats who do not have breeding value, the majority of owners not only fail to sterilize the cats, but also do not provide them regular mating with a healthy partner. Due to this fact, cats mate uncontrolled that leads to disruption of the genetic pool of certain breeds, mutations, and pathologies of reproductive system of a cat. These adverse factors lead to gestosis and as a consequence to dystocia. Cats during the geriatric period are particularly at risk of these pathologies. A particular clinical case connected to dystocia of a cat during the geriatric period is studied in this article (the cat lives at the territory of Perm Krai, in Perm). The full anamnesis of life and disease of the animal is described; the results of laboratory and histologic research are presented. In the course of work with this patient, we were able to discover new scientific prospects as well as establish a number of interrelations between geriatric age and uncontrolled mating that leads to dystocia.
Key words: cat, geriatrics, pregnancy, dystocia, gestosis, uterus, ovaries, reproduction, hormones.
pp. 87-96
INFLUENCE OF PREBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENTS ON GROWTH AND SAFETY OF REPLACEMENT YOUNG CHICKEN
A.A. Ovchinnikov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,
Yu. V. Matrosova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
L.Yu. Ovchinnikova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
South Ural State Agrarian University
13, Gagarina St., Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, 457100
E-mail: tvi_t@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Normalization of digestive processes in the body of growing young animals is an important condition for their good growth, development and subsequent productivity. The inclusion of the «Salmotsil F» prebiotic in the diet of parent flock hens in the amount of 0.60 kg, 0.80, and 1.00 kg per ton of feed made it possible to reduce feed consumption by 5.1-5.4%. It allowed obtaining the live weight of pullets at the age of 18 weeks equal to 1836.2 g in the group with a low rate of prebiotic introduction, 1915.4 g – with an average rate, and 1885.0 g – with a high rate of prebiotic introduction, which exceeded the control group by 0.6%, 5.0, and 3.3%, respectively. With a uniformity of livestock in the control group equal to 89.0%, it was higher by 8.0-9.0% in experimental groups. The addition of prebiotic to the diet of replacement young animals in experimental groups increased the safety of poultry population from 95.0% to 98.0-99.0% in the control group. The development of replacement young animals in terms of rearing periods was higher in experimental groups than the control. It is revealed in feather change of the first order at the age of 2, 10, and 18 weeks as well as in body fleshiness. In last two experimental groups, the difference relative to the control group was 0.2-0.3 points at the age of 2 weeks, 0.1-0.2 points – at 10 and 18 weeks. The feed expenditure for rearing one pullet with a low dosage of prebiotic exceeded the control group by 7.4-7.7%, with an average – by 8.8-9.0%, with a high one – by 8.4-8.9%; in terms of feed payback by products – by 5.4-6.0%, 6.5-7.2, and 4.1-5.6%, respectively.
Key words: replacement young animals, prebiotic, feed supplement, dynamics of live weight, growth, development, safety, feed payback by products.
pp. 96-103
EFFICIENCY OF GOAT MILK PRODUCTION ON PEASANT FARMS AND PRIVATE FARMS
E.K. Pankova, Senior Teacher,
V.А. Sitnikov, Сand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: ekaterina.pankova1986@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The research was carried out on the «Tretyakov S.V.» private farm (the Perm district) on the Saanen goats and the «Elite A» peasant farm (the Okhansky district) – on the Alpine goat. The aim of research is to identify breed with the best milk productivity for subsequent practical application. Goats of the Alpine and Saanen breeds have difference in live weight by 6 kg (9.67 %, P≥0.95) in favor of the Alpine breed. Milk yield of the Alpine goat in 305 days on the 3rd lactation was 197.35 kg (24.42 percent, P≥0.99). Fat content in milk of the Alpine goats was higher by 0.57% and protein – by 0.03%; with an increase in milk fat yield by 13.66 kg (P≥0.95) and protein – by 6.32 kg (P≥0.95). Milking factor was higher by 175 in the Alpine goats in comparison with the Saanen. It is obvious from calculations of feed costs that every goat on the «Elit A» peasant farm consumed 1034.4 energetic feed units (EFU), and on the private farm – by 119.8 EFU less. Feed costs per centner of milk on the private farm were higher by 10.37 EFU and, respectively, costs per 1 kg of milk fat – by 5.74 EFU. According to calculations of economic efficiency, it is established that the cost price of all milk on the peasant farm (the Alpine breed) was higher by 11838 rubles in comparison with the private farm (the Saanen breed). At the same time, the revenue from milk, apart from goat meat, was higher by 19830 rubles. The profits received from the Alpine breed were higher by 7992 rubles, respectively. In many respects, feeding conditions in winter period influenced milk productivity of the Saanen breed. In this regard, the obtained results of research should be verified in similar feeding conditions. The obtained data concluded that regardless of farm organizational form and regardless of goat breed, the production of goat milk is cost-effective in the Perm Krai. Thus, the production of goat milk is economically profitable for farms of any organizational form due to the high price of selling goat milk as opposed to cow milk.
Key words: goats, breed, feeding, milk, profitability.
pp. 103-109
VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXPERTIZE OF BROWN BEAR MEAT INFECTED WITH DIROFILARIA URSI
T.N. Sivkova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614099, Russia
E-mail: tatiana-sivkova@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) (Linnaeus, 1758) is a valuable hunting loot from the ancient times until present and thus it is hunted both legally and illegally at the territory of Perm Krai. Hunted bears are subjects to veterinary and sanitary examination (VSE) aimed at identifying dangerous anthropozoonosis – trichinosis. However, the infection with other nematodes is detected at the meat examination and their differential diagnostics as well as operating procedure with affected products in this case remains unclear, which determines the relevance of this study. Twelve bears from the different districts of Perm Krai were examined in the period from 2015 to present time at the Department of Infectious Diseases. As a result, Trichinella spiralis infection was detected in 8.33% of cases, infection with long white nematodes located in the intermuscular connective tissue was in 25.0% of cases. The cuticle was covered with longitudinal ridges. In males, the tail end was spirally curved and possessed narrow cuticle wings and rows of papillae. Spicules were two, unequal. Females had a short straight tail. The uterus was filled with larvae at various stages of maturation. Morphological signs allowed determining the adult stages of Dirofilaria ursi (Yamaguti, 1941). At the adult stage, all Dirofilaria spp. parasites are not dangerous for humans and domestic carnivorous animals because infection with all kinds of filarial is only transmissible. Thereby, when carrying out the VSE, bear’s carcass should be treated in accordance with the current Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 021/2011 «On food safety» (as amended on August 8, 2019) as an animal product with mechanical impurities.
Key words: bear, nematodes, veterinary and sanitary expertize.
pp. 110-117
DIGESTION OF NUTRIENTS BY LACTATING COWS WHEN CONSUMING ENERGETIC SUPPLEMENTS
S.V. Pastukhov, Post-Graduate Student,
L.V. Sycheva, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,
О. Yu. Yunusova, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: lvsycheva@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The article deals with a digestible trial on lactating cows during the first phase of lactation. The effectiveness of energetic feed supplements «Cow Energy» and «Ketostop EL» included to the diet was examined. Both supplements were fed to the animals of experimental groups in the amount of 200 g/head/day two times per day as a component of grain groats. The animals of control group received only a basic diet of the farm, where bulk feed represented 54.2%, concentrated feed comprised 45.8%. Fiber content in the diet was equal to 20.1% of dry matter. The ratio of sugar and protein was at the level of 0.81:1. It was found that feeding of energetic supplements in the experimental groups led to a reliable increase in the digestion of organic matter – by 0.92-2.19% and nitrogen-free extractive substances – by 2.15-2.94 % (P≤0.05) compared to the control group. The animals of experimental groups in comparison with the control group performed better digestion of dry matter – by 1.15-2.02%, crude protein – by 1.79-2.31%, crude fat – by 1.88-2.35%, crude fiber – by 0.80-1.88%, respectively. The largest nitrogen deposits in the body were noted in the animals of experimental groups – by 1.20 and 1.23% compared to the control. Animals of the second experimental group most effectively used the nitrogen of feed, both received and digested, in comparison with the analogues of the first experimental group by 0.56 and 0.68%, with the analogues of the control group – by 2.64 and 3.64%. Lactating cows of experimental group II used digested nitrogen for milk by 0.45% better than the animals of group I and by 1.24% than the analogues of the control group. The studies have confirmed the rationale for including energetic supplements into the diet of milk cows in the first phase of lactation.
Key words: digestion of nutrients, lactating cows, energetic supplements.
pp. 118-125
WOOD BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN COWS FEEDING
V.A. Tereshchenko, Researcher,
Yu. G. Lyubimov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Researcher
E.A. Ivanov, Cand. Agr. Sci, Senior Researcher
Krasnoyarsk Scientific and Research Institute of Animal Husbandry –
Separate Division of the FRC KSC SB RAS
66, Prospekt Mira St., Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660049
E-mail: krasniptig75@yandex.ru
O.V. Ivanova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Chief Researcher
Krasnoyarsk Scientific and Research Institute of Animal Husbandry –
Separate Division of the FRC KSC SB RAS
Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
E-mail: o.v.ivanova@bk.ru
ABSTRACT
The use of biologically active feed supplements based on the processing products of local forest resources is a promising direction for increasing the productivity of farm animals. Forest biomass is characterized by a high content of biologically active and nutritious substances, which is valuable for feed production. The aim of research is to study the effect of feeding the complex feed supplement consisted of coniferous flour, pine nut shell, and arabinogalactan on the changes in physical and chemical properties of milk and metabolic parameters of cows in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The research was carried out on two groups (control and experimental) of the Black-and White breed milk cows at the age of first calving selected on the bases of the principle of analogues. According to the research design, both groups of cows were fed with the same balanced basic diet. The cows of experimental group were fed with coniferous flour (50 g/head/day), crushed pine nut shells (50 g/head/day), and arabinogalactan (5 g/head/day) in addition to the basic diet. The analysis showed that studied supplements do not have a negative impact on cow metabolism since the biochemical parameters of blood and urine correspond to healthy animals. Complex feeding of tested supplements increased concentration of total protein in the blood of cows by 7.3 %; glucose – by 6.7 %; calcium – by 10.8 %; phosphorus – by 8.6 %; iron – by 10.1 %; magnesium – by 3.8 %. An increase in the level of milk fat by 0.6%, lactose – by 0.2%, and dry matter – by 0.7% was found during the analysis of physical and chemical properties of cow milk.
Key words: feed supplement, cow, feeding, coniferous flour, pine nut shell, arabinogalactan.