GENERAL BIOLOGY

pp. 4-9

ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF GREEN PLANTINGS
AND URBAN SOILS IN SOME OF PARKS AND SQUARES IN PERM

S. N. Zhakova, Cand. Bio. Sci.,
E. F. Sataev, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskia St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: s.fetisova@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
According to results of the monitoring of condition of tree vegetation and urban soils during the period from 2012 to 2016, an ecological assessment of parks, situated in different areas of Perm, was conducted.The physiological-biochemical and anatomical-morphological indices of species of ligneous plants dominant in the territory of investigation (Malus baccata L.,Betula pendula Roth., Salix alba L., Populus nigra L.) were studied. In urban soils рН, levels of organic carbon, labile phosphorus, labile forms of Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, benzpyren, oil products were defined. Among three investigated territories the worst ecological situation is in the park on Kuibysheva street. Lesions of assimilation apparatus and tree crowns, reduced content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, less annual growth of a tree trunk by volume, high tension of growth and negative processes in urban soils (alkalization, pollution by oil products, benzpyren and heavy metals – Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn) were revealed. In the Sverdlov central park according to physiological-biochemical and anatomical-morphological indices of ligneous plants the ecological situation is relatively stable, urban soils are not subject to pollution by oil products, benzpyren and heavy metals (Pb, Ni), along with this excess of maximum allowable concentration of cuprum and zink was revealed. A more favorable ecological situation is in the territory of the Uralskikh Dobrovoltsev Park.
Key words: ecological monitoring, squares and parks, woody plants, urban soils, ecological assessment.

pp. 10-17

DIVERSITY OF SOILS OF LOW-MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR FORMATION IN THE WESTERN MACROSLOPE OF THE MIDDLE URALS (BASEGI RESERVE)

I. A. Samofalova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia,
E-mail: samofalovairaida@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The soil cover of the reserves is one of the components of the protected landscape and is a system of reference and rare soils in the «Basegi» (western macroslope of the Middle Urals, Perm region). The reserve includes the Bazega mountain range, which is a mountain range lying west of the watershed of the Urals. It was established that the soil cover of mountain is taiga form subtypes of Brown forest soils, Gleyzems and Litozems. It was established that the morphological features of podzolization in soils are not pronounced, but signs of varying degrees of gelling and ironing are found. Soils in accordance with the granulometric composition refer to loamy and clayey varieties. Distribution of coarse dust and silt fractions indicates processes of brown formation in the Middle Urals. A general decrease in the humus content throughout the profile is established, which penetrates due to good drainability to the lower horizons. Potential acidity in soils is high, the saturation of soils with exchange bases is low. The following processes were diagnosed according to morphological features and analytical data were obtained: litter formation, humus formation, leaching, brown formation, loessivage, eluviation, illuviation, gleying, ferrugination. Soil peculiarities are their shortened profile, gravel, weak differentiation into genetic horizons, presence of forest litter on the soil surface, and in the humus horizon of coarse organic matter. Soils are characterized by both low-power and powerful litter of humified type. The variety of soils in the mountain-forest belt of low-mountainous landscapes in the Middle Urals is manifested under the influence of biocenoses, the height of the terrain, excessive moistening, and terrain conditions.
Key words: mountain forest belt, landscapes, reserve, Brown forest soils, Gleyzem, Lithozem, soil formation, profile, topographic series of soils.

pp. 18-23

STUDY OF THE POLLEN VIABILITY AND THE STIGMA RECEPTIVITY
OF GLADIOLUS L. SPECIES IN THE WEST URAL AREA

M. A. Chertkova, Post-Graduate Student
Botanical Garden of Perm State University
15 Bukirev St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: plyusnina-marina@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
A comparative study was carried out according to the pollen viability and fertility of the gladiolus species (Gladiolus × hybridus hort., G. dalenii Van Geel subsp. dalenii, G. murielae Kelway,
G. tenuis Bieb., G. imbricatus L.). G. murielae and G. dalenii subsp. dalenii have a high pollen viability. It exceeds 50% on optimal media, which contains 10-15% sucrose, that is quite enough for the pollination process in natural conditions. Pollen viability of G. × hybridus and G. tenuis is less (5-38%). Pollen of G. imbricatus germinates neither on artificial media or on the stigma of flower pistil. The receptivity of the stigma of G. × hybridus occurs on the 2-3rd days of flowering. The stigma can perceive the pollen before the flower withers. The same is true for the flowers G. tenuis,
G. imbricatus. The stigma of G. murielae is able to perceive pollen on the 1st day of flowering. These data are supported by anthecology results about protandry of G. × hybridus, G. tenuis, G. imbricatus and protogyny of G. murielae.
Key words: pollen viability; pollen fertility; stigma receptivity; gladiolus.

pp. 23-31

TO THE QUESTION OF GLADIOLUS × HYBRIDUS HORT. BREEDING
BY HYBRIDIZATION METHOD IN THE PERM REGION

S. A. Shumikhin, Cand. Bio. Sci.; M. A. Chertkova, Post-Graduate Student
Botanical Garden of the Perm State University,
15 Bukirev St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: botgard@psu.ru

ABSTRACT
The scheme for creating a new cultivar of Gladiolus × hybridus hort. by hybridization at the West Ural area was developed during a long-term study of the flowering biology and pollination ecology, as well as features of the seed propagation. Gladiolus is an entomophilous plant, cross-pollinated, with a preserved ability to autogamy. It is revealed that the selection among seed generation of free pollination is as effective, as among the generation of different cultivars crossing. All stages of the breeding process are described in detail: selection of parental pairs for crosses, a method for hybridizing the gladiolus; assessment and initial selection of hybrid seedlings; assessment of elite seedlings and patenting of gladiolus hybrid cultivars. The scientific scheme of gladiolus selection developed on the basis of a hybridological method can be successfully applied by selection institutions and some originators for creating the winter-hardy, especially decorative and most adapted to specific conditions of cultivation cultivars. 5 elite gladiolus seedlings (‘Selenit’, ‘Professor Alexander Genkel’, ‘Uralochka’, ‘Permskiy Suvenir’, ‘Sedoy Ural’) were selected from 682 hybrid offspring and transferred for registration as selective achievements to Russian Federation State Commission.
Key words: hybridization, selection, Gladiolus × hybridus hort., new cultivar, patenting.

PROCESSES AND MACHINERY
OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

pp. 32-39

DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS CONTROL DEVICE FOR AIR GRAIN REFINERY MACHINES

N. V. Zholobov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
К. V. Maishev, Post-Graduate Student
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy,
133 Oktyabrsky prospect, Kirov, Russia
E-mail: zholobovnv@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
In the lines of post-harvest grain processing, the input flow, the physical and mechanical properties of the grain are changing. The parameters of the separation process fluctuate. Efficiency of the application of grain refinery machines is reduced. To keep the optimal mode, you must constantly adjust technological process. It is difficult to implement adjusting without hardware control for process parameters. The problem is compounded by low-skilled staff. The control unit of process air system of grain refinery machine developed. The device consists of a base unit connected to a grain flow sensor and a grain loss sensor. The flowmeter of grain is constructed on the basis of a strain gage. Grain loss sensor analyzes the sound of the collision with the wall of the grain settling vessel. Grains with impurities are removed from the pneumatic separating channel into the sedimentation chamber. The base unit processes the sensor signals, calculates the capacity of the air separator, and absolute and relative grain losses. Information about the process parameters is displayed on the base unit display. The work of the device is based on comparing real grain losses with their acceptable value. If the difference between the real and allowable grain losses goes beyond the limits, the base unit generates a control signal that corrects the air velocity in the zone of pneumoseparation. The work of the device was investigated during operation of the pneumatic separator in the line of post-harvest grain processing. Use of the device increased process stability. The coefficient of variation of grain losses decreased from 39.5% to 16.1%. Devices exclude the human factor and give the maximum benefit with constantly changing input parameters.
Keywords: grain refinery machine, pneumatic separator, grain, control system, grain loss sensor, grain flow sensor, fan, fan speed.

AN EFFICIENCY OF A TECHNOLOGY OF MULTI-COMPONENT STRIP SOWING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES IN SOD

pp. 40-44

R. F. Kurbanov, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor; A. V. Sozontov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Assistant Professor;
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
133 Oktyabrsky Prospect, Kirov 610017 Russia
E-mail: kurrust@mail.ru

ABSTACT
A scheme of multi-component strip sowing of perennial grasses developed for increasing a period of production longevity with stable annual yield is given. This is due to the fact that grass seed with a short term of production longevity (Trifolium pretense) are sown on the plots of the strips of shorter length, and grass seed with a long one (Lotus corniculatus) – on the plots of the strips of greater length. Sowing since the very first year of productive usage will be highly productive thanks to the crop with a small period of such usage. At this sowing during the first three years of productive usage lotus corniculatus will not be oppressed and will develop normally and up to the fourth year the red clover productivity will decrease and be replaced by Lotus corniculatus. Experimental research was carried out in Kirov region, the grass stands with various values of correlation of alternating grass plots having been established for this objective. The experiments were conducted at the following mean values of grass stand: density at research start – 987 shoots per square metre, yield of 1.92 tons per hectare. Optimal value of ratio of plots of grass with stable annual gross yield: ratio should be in the range 2.0…2.1. Usage of multi-component strip sowing of perennial grasses allows increasing mean yield of grass stand by 40.1% in comparison with natural hayfields.
Key words: resource-saving techniques, strip sowing, perennial grasses, seed drill Bernina, gross harvesting, ratio of alternating plots lengths.

pp. 45-50

PROVEMENT OF CONSTRUCTIVE PARAMETRES OF SPIRAL-SCREW DOSING UNIT WITH DOSE REGULATOR BY VARYING SPIRAL REVOLUTION TURNOVER NUMBER

E. A. Lyalin; M. A. Trutnev, Cand. Tech. Sci., Assistant Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
For dosed delivery of combined fodder to animals in a range of 0.5 to 1.5 on farms massive dosing units are used, a spiral screw one is one of them (SSDU). An accuracy of delivery of a preset dose depends on frequency of rotating of screw spiral, which may vary in a time at varying strain and loading on a drive. For exclusion of this disadvantage it is suggested to conduct discrete dosing, setting spiral revolution number (a number of doses obtained at one turnover). At Perm State Agricultural Academy a laboratory installation has been created. Its drive permits a shaft of screw spiral to fix\ stop at one position independently of an amount of the revolutions performed by it. For determining parameters of SSDU a non-composition plan of second order of Box-Behnken was used. A dosing unit was investigated at spiral diameter of 49m 73, 97 mm, at spacing of 0.75d, 1d, 1.25d and clearance between spiral and cover of 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm. Equations of regression for working power, specific material feeding at one spiral revolution were obtained and so was got a coefficient of variation of some constructive parameters. The surfaces of response were built up with the help of these equations. Dry material delivery at one spiral revolution varied from 16.9 to 254.3 gram per revolution, consumed power was in the limits of 40-47 volt. Standard deviation of dosing crumbled shorts comprised 1 – 3.5 % and 1.2 – 5.5 % for granules of 5 mm. There were established the optimum parameters for qualitative performance of SSDU: spiral diameter – 49 mm, spiral spacing – 1d and clearance – 5 mm. At these parameters relative deviation of dosing does not exceed 1.7% that is 2 times lower in comparison with dosing at continuous performing of SSDU.
Key words: spiral-screw dosing unit, discreet dosing, relative deviation of dosing.

AGRONOMY

pp. 51-56

TO THE QUESTION OF INFLUENCE OF SOIL VOLUME ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS OF FLOWER CROPS

E. Y. Borodulina, Post-Graduate Student;
L. I. Atkina, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor.
Ural State Forestry Engineering University
37 Siberian Tr. St., Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620100
ABSTRACT
When creating flower gardens in the cities of the Urals, the grown flower seedlings are used. The seedlings come to the consumer in containers of different volumes. The purpose of the article is to determine how the volume of soil affects the growth and development of common ornamental annual herbaceous plants. An experiment was conducted to grow seedlings of the three most common flower crops in the gardening of Yekaterinburg: Petunia hybrida, Salvia splendens and Tageteserecta. It is established that all the investigated plants were affected by the volume of soil in which the seedlings developed. In Petunia hybrida an increase in the volume of soil is accompanied by an increase in the habitus of the plant, but by a decrease in the rate of bud formation. For the cultivation of high quality seedlings containers of 0.2 liter are optimal. Due to early flowering containers of 0.1 liter can be used for preliminary analysis of compliance with the declared characteristics of the flower. In Salvia splendens all parameters showed a dependence on the volume of the soil. For the cultivation of high quality seedlings containers of 0.5 liter are suitable. Containers of 0.1- 0.2 liter can be used for the intermediate stage of cultivation (until mid-May) followed by transplanting. It is important when seedlings are grown to different planting dates. In Tageteserecta the change in height, the increase in diameter and the blooming of seedlings also depend on the volume of the container. For the purpose of saving the soil containers of 0.2 liter are suitable, but at the same time it is not allowed to delay transplanting of seedlings in the ground to a permanent place. The obtained results allow determining the optimal strategy for growing plants in conditions of limited space, energy resources (light, heat, water) and soil reserves, which will eventually reduce the cost of seedlings.
Key words: seedlings, annual flower crops, Petunia hybrida, Salvia splendens, Tageteserecta.

pp.56-60

ENERGY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CULTIVATING CLOVER YELLOW UNDER COVER OF SPRING WHEAT AND FODDER CROPS

K. V. Grigoryev, Post-Graduate Student; L. G. Shashkarov, Dr.Agr.Sci., Professor;
G. A. Mefodyev, Cand.Agr.Sci., Associate Professor
Chuvash State Agricultural Academy
29 Karla-Marksa St., Cheboksary, Russia, 428000
E-mail: yspex46@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper includes the results of the energy and economic evaluation of field studies of clover yellow cultivation under cover of early and late spring wheat feed cover crops held in 2012-2015, the territory of LLC «Glory» potatoes Komsomolsk district, Chuvash Republic. Such results are given for the first time. The effect of early and late spring feed cover crops on the energy and economic evaluation of the profitability of cultivation of clover was established. It was revealed that cultivation of clover yellow is the most profitable in its purest form in coverless sowings that provides maximum net income. When the cover cultivation of clover yellow in the midst of the Chuvash Republic this culture is recommended to be placed under cover of spring barley and millet.
Key words: feeding the unit, energy costs, nutritive value of fodder, exchange energy, cost of production, net income, return on cost.

pp. 61-65

SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT OF FORAGE PRODUCTION ON THE EXAMPLE
OF SVERDLOVSK REGION

N. N. Zezin, Dr. Agr. Sci.; A. B. Ponomarev, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Ural Research Institute of Agriculture,
Main St., 21, village Istok, Ekaterinburg, 620061
E-mail: nikitazezin@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The article shows the role of forage production to increase the productivity of dairy livestock. Sverdlovsk region in the last years (2013-2016) has took the first place in the volume of milk production in the Urals Federal district. Good results were achieved with the help of a complex of measures to increase milk production. The «Program of development of fodder production in Sverdlovsk region for the period 2010-2015» has been successfully implemented. Starting in 2014, the milk yield exceeds 6 thousand kg of milk per a cow. This provided the entry area to the top ten Russian regions with the highest milk productivity. The results of scientific research performed on the example of agricultural enterprise «Kilachevsky» show that in the Middle Urals conditions the milk productivity will be possible more than 10 thousand kg of milk per a cow. This is achieved by the improvement of the forage crops structure, the using of the Ural crop varieties, increasing the proportion of corn, alfalfa, and cruciferous crops. This increases crop yields and improves the quality of forage for dairy farming. This experience can be applied in many agricultural enterprises of the Ural region.
Key words: milk production, fodder production, Ural varieties, cropping pattern, yield, quality of fodder.

pp. 65-70

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAWN PHYTOCOENOSIS FROM CEREAL GRASSES OF DOMESTIC BREEDING

Iu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci; Ia.V. Subbotina, Cand. Agr.Sci;
A.V. Viatkin, PhD Student
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614990
E-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru
ABSTRACT
In 2013-2016 quality assessment of lawn grass mixtures was carried out to identify cereal grasses of domestic breeding for growing high-quality lawn. The lawn was composed of Festuca rubra, Festuca pratensis, Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense of domestic breeding. Mixtures of perennial cereal grasses of local breeding were examined. To the fourth year all examined grasses formed a sod cover of high quality with projective cover up to 100% and stand density of 11719-13526 shoots/sq.m with well-formed sod and content of lawn impurities not more than four weeds per square meter. Festuca pratensis was the most viable component dominating in every lawn grass mixture. Sowing of local breeding cereal grasses, in particular, Festuca pratensis (Sverdlovskaia-37), Festuca rubra (Sverdlovskaia), Phleum pratense (Utro), Poa pratensus (UrGU) form high quality lawns since the second year of grasses. Intension in N/sm2 required for sod rupture was gained at 1,48 – 1,60 level. To the fourth year of life each grass mixture has an equal lower than average level of lawn solidity. Examined lawn covers are recommended to cultivate for picturesque purpose in public gardens and parks.
Key words: lawns, grass mixture, cerealcrops ,sod cover, quality of sod cover.

pp. 70-75

IMPACT OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE FEATURES OF OUTS

V.E. Kardashina; L.S. Nikolaeva
Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, “Krasnoufimsky Selection Centre”
8, Selektsionnaya St., Krasnoufimsk, Sverdlovskaya Region, Russia 623300
E-mail: selektsiya@bk.ru

ABSTRACT
Varieties of oats and its lines were studied in concourse testing in Krasnoufimsk selection Centre in 2010-2012 and 2014-2016. Field experiments were conducted in selection crop rotation on dark-grey soil with granulometric composition ranging from light loam to heavy loam one. Granulometric coefficient ranged from 0.42 to 2.72. Insufficient amount of downfalls in 2010, 2012 and 2016 led to reducing oats vegetation period to 63-69 days, mean grain productivity comprised 3.40-3.88 ton per hectare, and in the periods with excess moisture – 2011, 2014 and 2015—it was 4.90-7.11 ton per hectare. Compared with a standard variety Sprint 2, having mean productivity 4.15 ton per hectare in testing period, the productive varieties and lines exceeding the standard one for 0.30-0.94 ton per hectare were presented. In addition meteorological conditions influenced value of grain and share of film in it. The greatest weight of 1000 grains of 48.6 gram in average according to variety samples was formed in 2014, when grain filling had taken place in moderate temperature conditions at sufficient moisturizing. Shortage of moisture in soil and low relative air humidity in arid 2010 and 2012 resulted in 1000 grain weight reduction to 40.0-41.1 grams and increase of grain filmness to 29.4-29.9 %. The lowest filmness indicator was 24.4 % in a humid 2015 year. Weight of 1000 grains and its filmness are the features of variety. A standard variety Sprint 2 with 1000 grain weight of 42.9 grams in their size surpassed those of Staier and Athlet varieties and of oats line 98-35, the rest varieties and lines have filmness lower for 0.8-3.7 %, than that of standard variety Sprint 2 having this indicator during testing years in average 28.3 %. A favourable combination of large grains and relatively low filmness of variety Athlet.
Key words: oats, variety, productivity, weight of 1000 grains, filmness, vegetation period.

pp. 76-80

CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT
IN DEPENDENCE ON APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

A. I. Kosolapova, Dr. Agr. Sci.,
Perm Agricultural Scientific Research Institute
12 Kultury St., Lobanovo 614532 Russia
E-mail: pniish@ rambler.ru
V. I. Vozzhaev, Post-Graduate Student; P. A. Leinikh, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia

ABSTRACT
An impact of levels of mineral nutrition with N30P30K30-N150P150K150 kilograms of active ingredient (AI) per hectare on forming crop productivity and grain quality of spring wheat of Gornouralskaya Variety in field experiment on turf-podzolic soil was studied. Ammonium nitrate, superphopsphate, chloride potassium – applied during pre-sowing cultivation – were used in the experiment. Crop estimate was carried out with direct combining. Protein content was determined according to the method of Barstein, an amount of raw gluten according to GOST 13586-68, vitreousity – GOST 10897-76, element composition of grain and straw – according to Kurkaev method in Pinevitch modification. It is established that mineral fertilizer application N30P30K30-N150P150K150 active ingredient (AI) promoted an increase of spring wheat yield compared with the control one for 0.29-1.66 ton per hectare. The increase at these options was obtained at the expense of growing a number of grains in an ear and a weight of 1000 grains. Content of protein, vitreousity, common azote, phosphorus, potassium in grain was greater in these options. Complex estimation underlined an option with application of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60; yield was 3.21 ton per hectare, payback of 1 kilo of active ingredient (AI) NPK an increase of yield – 8 kilos of grain, energy coefficient equal to 2.53. Further increasing of mineral fertilizer dose caused crop lodging and decreasing gluten content.
Key words: spring wheat, mineral fertilizers, yield, payback, gluten, protein, vitreousity.

pp. 80-85

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TILLAGE METHODS ON FILLING OF SOWS
IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

E. V. Kuzina, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Ulianovskii Research Institute of Agriculture,
19 Institutskaia St., Timiriazevskii, Ulianovskii rayon, Ulianovskaia oblast, 433315 Russia
E-mail: elena.kuzina@autorambler.ru

ABSTRACT
The results of the evaluation of the anti-sonar effectiveness of the basic soil cultivation methods are presented in the field rotation of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region with their long-term use in a stationary experiment. We studied conventional and no-till, as well as fine mulching, zero and comb-groove cultivations of the soil. The pre-sowing and post-sowing soil cultivation in the experiment variants consisted of pre-sowing cultivation to the depth of seeding (GOST-4.25) and post-sowing soil compacting (ZKKSH-6A). The sowing was carried out by the SZ-3.6 seeder. Changes in the weediness of crops in a crop rotation were observed during 7 years in 2010-2016. The investigations were carried out on the experimental field of the FGBNU Ulyanovsk Scientific Research Institute of Gravel Steam Rotation, with the following alternation: 1- h / steam; 2 winter wheat; 3 — spring wheat; 4 — mustard (ciderate); 5 — winter wheat; 6 — barley. For control in the experiments, autumn plowing was taken at 20-22 cm (PLN-4-35). Analysis of the weediness of the fields at the time of harvest indicates that the annual plowing by 20-22 cm was distinguished by an increased anti-sonar efficiency. From the no-tilled variants, the variants with a no-tillage treatment of 20-22 cm, with shallow groove treatment and groove-wedge with soil reclamation, were less clogged, where weediness remained at the control level of 17.9-18.4-18.1 pcs / m2 in terms of the number of weed plants, but there was an increase in weed mass by 5-12%. Variants of shallow processing, surface peeling with a stub layer and without autumn machining were characterized by a higher clogging compared to plowing, where the increase in the total number of weeds averaged 10-12-15%, respectively, and there was a more intensive accumulation of dry biomass of weeds 12 -19 %.
Key words: plowing, shallow, comb-wedge, surface treatment, weed infestation, juvenile and perennial weeds.

pp. 86-91

IMPACT OF TILLAGE METHODS AND SEED DISINFECTANTS ON YIELD AND DISEASE INCIDENCE OF WINTER GRAIN CROPS IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALYE

T. I. Lebedeva, Post-Graduate Student
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: missis.tanya90@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
An investigation of studying an impact of seed disinfection of winter grain crops on yield and disease incidence was carried on. A new substance alkamon DSU, TPS in comparison with benomyl 500, SP, standard on grain crops was applied. There is described an efficiency of the applied on winter crops preparations depending on various methods of cultivation of soil in pure fallow. Field experiments were conducted on turf-podzolic heavy loamed soils on the training-scientific experimental field of Perm State Agricultural Academy in 2015-2016. Agrotechniques in the experiments conducted corresponds to the scientific system of agriculture recommended for the Middle Preduralye. On the base of the research a conclusion can be made. It reveals that the disease incidence is less common at flat-plane tillage in pure fallow in combination with seed disinfection with benomyl 500, SP. The preparation tested – alkamon DSU, TPS- in the anti-disease struggle at winter grain crops showed a less protective impact compared with benomyl 500, SP, according to all the methods of soil cultivation in pure fallow. In general, seed disinfection of winter grain crops promotes an increase of its yield and reduces disease incidence.
Key words: winter grain crops, disease incidence, yield, root rotting, leaf spots, alkamon DSU, TPS, benomyl 500, SP.

pp. 91-95

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ADAPTIVE SELECTION OF BARLEY
IN THE MIDDLE URAL

R. A. Maximov, Cand. Agr. Sci.; U. A. Kiselyev
Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture
21, Glavnaya St., Yekateriburg Russia 610062
Е-mail: Roman_MRA77@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The results of variability of barley variety productivity during concourse variety testing at Krasnoufimsk selection centre for 55 year period from 1961 till 2015. Parametres of adaptive capacity and stability of the most wide-spread varieties in Sverdlovskaya Region have been studied. Planned variety change having resulted in increase of productivity potential of the variety was carried during all the selection work period. An analyses of variety productivity during concourse variety testing at Krasnoufimsk selection centre showed that in 55 years the productivity of the standard varieties had increased in average from 4.15 to 5.05 t/ha , that means: selection work permitted to raise productivity by 0.90 t/ha, i.e., it comprises 22 %. Along with, the successive growth in productivity had negatively led to variation capacity of yield according to the years, so that in 1961-1970 years period a barley yield in the concourse testing varied in limits of 3.6 – 4.8 t/ha (amplitude of fluctuation – 1.2 t/ha), in 1971 – 1980 – 3.7 – 5.2 t/ha (1.5 t/ha), in 1981 – 1990 – 3.9 – 5.5 t/ha ( 1.6 t/ha), in 1991 – 2000 – 3.7 – 6.1 t/ha ( 2.4 t/ha), 2000 – 2010 – 3.7 – 6.6 t/ha ( 2.9 t/ha), in 2011 – 2015 – 3.9 – 7.1 t /ha ( 3.9 t/ha). An analyses of adaptive capacity and yield stability of the two-row varieties of barley in Krasnoufimsk selection centre of thr Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in the conditions of south-west of Sverdlovskaya Region showed significant advantages of standard variety Veresk in general adaptive capacity. A great degree of stability of varieties Bynom, Ecolog and Acha has been observed. The variety Bagretz differs with the greatest responsiveness for an increased agro-technical background and also for high specific adaptive capacity, at favourable conditions it is able to produce great yield of grain (in the conditions of Sverdlovskaya Region it is more than 8.0 t/ha). To achieve an optimal balance between productivity and its stability a SVG (selectional value of genotype), Varieties Ara (2.06) and Bynom (1.98) were allotted according to this parameter.
Key words: variety, spring barley, yield, plasticity, adaptive capacity, selectional value of genotype.

pp. 96-101

BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF MIXED SOWING OF SPRING WHEAT AND PEA AT HARVESTING FOR GRAIN DEPENDING ON AZOTE DOSES

O. S. Mishchihina, Post-Graduate Student; L. A. Mikhailova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: lysova.olya@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
In the research of 2013-2014, 2016 years, carried out in Permsky Krai, indicators of biological efficiency of mixed sowings of spring wheat and pea cultivated for grain were studied. Spring wheat of Gornouralskaya variety, pea of Agrointel one, dark-grey forest heavy loamed soil: pHKCl – 5.6, humus content – 7.6 per cent, P2O5 — 224 mg/kg, K2O – 169 mg/kg were the subject of the research. An experiment was three-factored: factor A – correlation of components: A1 – wheat; A2 — pea; A3 – wheat 25 % + pea 75 %. Factor B – doses of phorsphorus-potassium fertilizers (background): B1 – K0P0; B2 – K0,1P0,1. Factor C – doses of azote fertilizers: C1 – N0; C2 – N0,075; C3 – N0,15. An estimate of biological efficiency at cultivating spring wheat and pea in mixed sowings in dependence on condition of nutrition was presented in the paper. Maximum yield of mixed sowings at equal correlation of mixture components (19.32 gram per vessel) at azote dose of 0.150 g/kg of soil without phosphorus-potassium fertilizers background was obtained. Azote doses at harvesting for grain do not impact competitiveness of the components. Only domination of one and other components in mixture composition secures great competitiveness. A coefficient of aggressiveness of the mixed sowings varies from – 2.1 to + 2.1. At decreasing share of legume component the aggressiveness of the cereals increases. Pea-wheat mixtures cultivation secures a greater yield of sowings in comparison with one-species agrocenoses of wheat and pea.
Key words: wheat, pea, mixed sowings, agrophytocenoses, azote, dark-grey forest heavy loamed soil.

pp. 101-106

IMPACT OF PREDECESSOR AND MINERAL FERTILIZER DOSES
ON WINTER RYE YIELD CULTIVATED ON TURF-PODZOLIC SOIL

M. I. Pinaeva, Post-Graduate Student; L. A. Mikhailova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
Yu. A. Akmanaeva, Cand. Agr. Sci., Assistant Professor;
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: pinaeva.mariya@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
An impact of applying mineral fertilizers of winter rye of Falenskaya 4 Variety cultivated on various predecessors on turf-shallow-podzolic medium-loamed soil was studied in Permsky Krai in 2014 – 2016. The research was carried out on three layouts of short-rotated field experiments on turf-shallow-podzolic medium-loamed soil, its arable layer was characterized by a great degree of soil saturation with foundations, by medium-acid reaction of environment, by high supply with mobile phosphorus and labile potassium. An experiment was two-factors, with 4-time repetition. Location of plots was a systematic one with two layers (by a method of split plots). Blue Lupine was used as a fallow land occupying crop. Ammonic celitre, simple superphosphate and chloride potassium were applied as fertilizers. The ones for winter rye were introduced by hand for pre-sowing cultivation. Yield of winter rye was to a greater extent influenced by weather conditions than by the factors investigated. In the years with abundant moisturizing neither a predecessor, nor mineral fertilizers doses affected winter rye grain yield. During favourable years at cultivating winter rye with siderate fallow and pure one the volume of application of mineral fertilizers may be calculated according to average doses recommended and in accordance to the doses calculated for planned yield taking into consideration an amendment coefficient for soil fertility. Maximum yield of winter rye of 3.25 ton per hectare (an average for 3 years) was obtained at application of mineral fertilizers, calculated for planned yield.
Key words: pure fallow, siderate fallow, turf-podzolic medium-loamed soil, mineral fertilizer dose, yield, winter rye.

pp. 106-113

AN IMPACT OF PREDECESSORS AND FERTILIZERS ON PEA YIELD AND ITS ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION

M. M. Sabitov, Cand. of Agri. Sci.
Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture,
19 Institutskaya St., Timiryazevsky, Ulyanovsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast’, Russia, 433315
E-mail: m_sabitov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of field experiments on impact of predecessors and fertilizers on yield and economical efficiency of pea. The research was carried out in complex stationary experiments on the basis of the Federal State Scientific Institution “Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture” in the fields of Agriculture Department in 2015-2016. Soil of the experimental plot is leached medium heavy medium loamy black soil (Chernozem). An Ulyanovsk variety of pea, predecessors of which were barley and spring wheat, was used in the experiment. Mineral fertilizers were used in a form of compound complex fertilizer azofoska containing N16P16K16 and azote one – an ammonium nitrate N34. An impact of predecessors and fertilizers on basic agro-physical factors of soil fertility, weed infestation, yield and quality of pea grain was shown. Pea cultivation methods providing usage of a district-determined variety and domestic agricultural machinery was economically evaluated. There were revealed the most optimal predecessors of pea for improving stages of crop rotation and obtaining the optimal crop sowing structure for farms of various destinations, these permitted to increase yield of all the products by 20 – 22 %. Economic efficiency of pea cultivation showed that the cost of production increased by 19.4 % with fertilizers application, decreasing prime cost of grain by 0.8 – 3.7 %. The highest level of profitability of pea grain production was obtained on fertilized background – 65.0 – 66.0 %.
Key words: pea, predecessor, fertilizers, soil composition density, soil humidity, food regime, sowing weed infestation, raw protein, economical efficiency.

pp. 113-118

IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND WEIGHT OF A BULB FOR PLANTING ON YIELD OF SHALLOT GREENS AT DISTRACTION

T. V. Soromotina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: kafpererabotka@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
An increase of yield and marketability of shallot greens at distraction due to the technology of growing regulators of plant growth and bulbs of various fraction was investigated at the department of fruit growing, storage and processing of agricultural product of Perm State Agricultural Academy in 2014-2015. Three-hours soaking of shallot bulb in the solutions of growth regulators Energia-M, Vigor-Forte (2 grams per litre of water) before planting accelerates sprouts emergence by 3-4 days compared with the control bulbs ( the dry ones), this raises the indicators of plant habitus (a number of shoots, leaves, their assimilating surface), promotes their common yield and their marketability. At using for planting for distraction the small bulbs (of 8.6-10.0 grams), an increase to plant weight and that to yield comprises (according to experiment variants) 132-249% and 129-244%, product output is 10.1 kilos per 1 square metre in average. When large bulbs (of 20.8-24.5grams) are used for planting an increase in plant weight comprises 42-103%, that in yield – 44-11%. Yield was considerably greater – from 10.5 to 15.4 kilos per square metre, and according to experiment variants in average – 13.3 kilos per square metre. Correlation between weight of bulb planted and its yield at harvesting is a close one (0.893± 0.013). However, it is necessary to take into consideration a great outgo of planting material per unit of area and its cost at planting of a greater shallot planting bulbs.
Key words: shallot, distraction, growth regulator, bulb weight, soaking, number of sprouts, number of leaves, leaf area, yield.

pp. 118-124

RAUSHAN BARLEY REACTION TO ABIOTIC CONDITIONS THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE GRAINS

I. Sh. Fatykhov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor; B. B. Borisov, PhD Student;
E. V. Korepanova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor; T. N. Ryabova, PhD Student
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, Russia, 426069
E-mail: nir210@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The problem of studying the reaction of varieties and hybrids of field crops to abiotic condition requires further study and is an important task. The purpose of research is to study the reaction of barley Raushan abiotic conditions on the chemical composition of the grain. The objectives of the study are to determine the chemical composition of the grains of 70 elements; to identify differences in the content of chemical elements in the weevil, grown in the personal abiotic conditions. The object of study is Raushan grains of barley. For the determination of 70 chemical elements were taken barley grain samples of Raushan harvested in 2014 and 2015 in Vavozhsky District of the Udmurt Republic. The contents of 70 chemical elements in the grain was determined in a research center certification tested at the (ASITS) All-Russian Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials named after N.M. Fedorovskogo (SIMS). Analysis method was mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (MS) + Nuclear emission with inductively coupled plasma (AE) by Method NCAY № 512-TS. Raushan barley reaction to abiotic conditions expressed different content of 48 chemical elements in the weevil. The concentration of 22 chemical elements in the grain by year study did not differ. Corn grown in conditions of abiotic 2014 was marked by an in its composition more than lithium, boron, sodium, aluminum, potassium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, palladium, silver, tin, antimony, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, mercury, lead, bismuth, thorium than their content in grain in 2015 d 2015 yields were lower by 14.6 t / ha yield in 2014 and contained more grains magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, scandium, titanium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, bromine, rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, cesium, lanthanum, cerium than their concentration in the grain harvest in 2014.
Key words: spring barley, Raushan variety, weevil, chemical elements, abiotic conditions.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 125-128

DISTRIBUTION OF ALARIOSIS IN WILD GAME ANIMALS
IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

V. A. Zimenkov, Post-Graduate Student; T. N. Sivkova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990 Russia
Е-mail: tatiana-sivkova@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
Alariosis is a very serious infection disease of human, domestic and wild animals caused by parasitic trematoda Alaria alata. This article briefly describes the life cycle of this helminth, the history of its discovery. A review of recent domestic studies about distribution of Alaria infection in the various regions of the Russian Federation is represented. They indicated the extensiveness and intensity of infection in the definitive (dogs, wolves, foxes) and intermediate hosts (wild boars, badgers, amphibians, mollusks). In the Perm region research on A.alata has not previously been conducted. At the same time, a great popularity of hunting, outdoor recreation, camping can facilitate the spread of infestation. In this regard, it is necessary to clarify the life cycle of the trematode in our region, its prevalence and potential danger to humans and domestic and farm and game animals.
Key words: alariosis, life cycle, wild animals, mollusks, Russian Federation.

pp. 129-135

EFFECT OF USING FERMENT PREPARATIONS AT CHICKEN-BROILERS REARING

B. S. Kaloev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor; Z. V. Pshatzieva, Cand. Agr. Sci.
“Gorsky State Agrarian University”
37, Kirova St., Vladicavkaz Russia 362040
E-mail: bkaloev@yandex.ru, Z-p3@mail.ru;
M. O. Ibragimov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Assistant Professor
“Tchetchen State University”
32, Aslanbek Sheripov St., Grozny Russia 364907
E-mail: agrofak.chgu@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
Usage of ferment preparations for decreasing feed consumption per unit of product is an obligatory condition of profitability of chicken-broilers rearing. Economic efficiency of introducing 308 ferment preparations Sunzaim and Sunfaiz 5000 in a diet of chicken-broilers of cross ROSS was investigated for affirming this fact by State Unitary Enterprise “Plemreproducto “Achkhoy-Martanovsky” of Tchetchen Republic. A period of chicken-broilers rearing of one control group and three experimental ones according to the scheme adopted by the farm comprised 45 days. Research scheme provided feeding chicken of control group with combined feeds “Start” № SKK – 50-20, “Rost” № PK-5 2 P – 15 and “Finish”№ PK – 6 P14. Ferment preparation Sunzaim was added to these combined feeds for the chicken of first experimental group, the Sunfaiz 5000 – of the second one, while for the chicken feeding of third group both ferment preparations were used simultaneously in the dose of 100 gram per ton. It is established that using ferment preparations Sanzaim and Sanfaiz 5000 promoted better conversion and feed consumption decrease per 1 kilo of live weight from 1.96 kilos in a control group to 1.73 kilos in third experimental group. An economy of feed therefore comprised 11.73 %. The calculations revealed that the greater product output conditioned obtaining the greater profit for 1488.02-2763.92 Roubles in the experimental groups as compared with the control ones. This allowed due to simultaneous using of Sanzaim and Sanfaiz 5000 increase profitability of chicken-broiler rearing from 34.9 to 53.2 %.
Key words: chicken-broiler, Sanzaym, Sanfayz 5000, feeds conversion, profit, level of profitability.

pp. 135-140

IMPACT OF DRY DREG WITH ENZYME PREPARATION “FEEDBEST VGPRO” ON DIGESTIBILITY AND USE OF NUTRIENTS BY CHICKEN BROILERS

B. S. Kaloev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor; G. B. Chertkoev, Post-Graduate Student;
Gorsky State Agrarian University,
37 Kirova St., Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, Russia 362040
E-mail: bkaloev@yandex.ru, g.chertkoev@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
A research on studying an impact of dry corn grain stillage with enzyme preparation “Feedbest VGPro” on digestibility of nutrients by chicken broilers of “Cobb-500” cross was carried out on the “Mihkaylovsky” poultry farm in Prigorodny District of North Ossetia. There were formed three groups for this research – one control group and two experimental ones, one hundred chickens each. Chickens of the control group were fed according to basic diet. Those of first experimental group were fed with 95 % of the basic ration and got dry corn grain stillage (5 % of the ration). Difference in feeding chicken-broilers of second experimental group was in substituting a portion of the basic diet with dry corn grain stillage (5 %) with adding enzyme preparation of “Feedbest VGPro” in 120 g/t of combined feed. Results of physiological research established that a coefficient of digestibility of nutrients by chicken-broilers of both experimental groups was greater as compared to those of the control group: in organic matter – by 0.33% and 1.90 %; in protein – by 0.24 % and 1.37 %; in crude fibre – by 0.22 % and 0.49 %; nitrogen-free extractive substances – by 0.79 % and 2.68 %, respectively. Digestibility of crude fat was nearly at the same level at both the control and at the first experimental group, but this indicator was 0.64 % greater at the second experimental group than at the control one. A coefficient of using azote, calcium and phosphorus by the chickens of the second experimental group was greater by 3.23 %, 0.95 % and 2.10 % respectively compared to the parametres of the control one. Therefore, feeding chicken-broilers with dry corn grain stillage with 5 % of enzyme preparation “Feedbest VGPro” influenced positively a consumption of the principal nutrients and increased that of the feed by poultry to some extent.
Key words: chicken-broiler, dry grain stillage, enzyme preparation, balance, digestibility, nutrients, efficiency.

pp. 140-144

FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF MILK COWS IN PAC СF «PERVOE MAYA»

N. B. Nikulina, Dr. Vet. Sci.; V. M. Aksenova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: uralskay114@yandex.ru;
S. S. Baranova,
«TD OF «ZOOPERM»
393 B Sh. Kosmonavtov St., Perm, Russia, 614065

ABSTRACT
Examination of 100 milk cows of black and white breed weighing 500-550 kg in the first phase of a lactemia (up to 100 days) during the spring period in PAC CF «Pervoe Maya» of Berezovsky district of Perm Krai was conducted. On this farm the stall system of keeping animals is applied. Parameters of a microclimate in the room of a cowshed did not conform to zoohygienic requirements. In a ration of animals the augmentation of amount of solid, a crude protein, digestive protein, crude fat, calcium, magnesium and decrease of a share of a structural fat, crude fat, phosphorus, sodium, sugar – protein rate in comparison with standard data was established. At the majority of animals (90%) among the selected cows had clinically taped average fatness, the general oppression, weak reaction to stimuli, fragility and dryness of a hair, disturbance of process of a cud. In 30% of milk cows fatness depression, an appetite perversion, a hypotension and an atony of prestomachs, a licking disease, augmentation of borders of a liver and morbidity at a percussion was recorded. Clinical trials allowed us to tap pathology of osteal system in 21% of animals which was shown by excessive growth and deformation of a hoofed horn, at 9% of cows – a resorption of the last pairs of edges or caudal vertebrae, an ankylosis of caudal vertebrae. In 5% of animals clinical signs of a bursitis, laminit, lameness, a thickening of joints and eroziyno-cankers in the field of a crown and a crumb were noted. The taped features of a physiological condition of cows were caused by the expressed changes of system of adaptation of an organism to disturbance of feeding and contents that led to development of various pathologies.
Key words: cows, functional state, feeding, contents.

pp. 145-150

METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF A OF OF INDICATOR BACTERIOPHAGES USE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA SPP.

E. O. Chugunova, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor
N. A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: chugunova.elen@yandex.ru, tatarnikova.n.a@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The article shows the identification of Salmonella spp. by indicator bacteriophages. The purpose of the scientific research was the development of a phage identification scheme for Salmonella spp. The work was carried out in the Bacteriological Department of the Perm Veterinary Diagnostic Center in the period from 2014 to 2017. We used strains of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes (total 131 strains). For the preparation of bacteriophages, white laboratory mice weighing 16-18 g (n = 22) were used. For purposes of investigation, an initial bacterial suspension containing 108 cells/cm3 was prepared by the Densi-La-Meter (Erba Lachema, Czech Republic) from the daily agar cultures of the microorganisms studied. Next, a series of successive dilutions was made to obtain a slurry containing 101 cells/cm3. As a result, an inoculum containing 10 cells of Salmonella was added to 9.0 cm3 of selenite broth and a similar volume of RVS- broth, an indicator phage in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 cm3 was added. As a result, it was established that the combined incubation of Salmonella and the eponymous phage in selenite broth and RVS-broth promotes the lysis of Salmonella spp., which can serve as a diagnostic sign for the identification of Salmonella. Having conducted a similar experiment with microbial associates, visualized varying degrees of turbidity and / or the presence of sediment, which led to the conclusion that the proposed method for identifying the desired bacteria is highly sensitive. The developed method for identification of Salmonella with the use of isolated bacteriophages surpassed the classical analogue for a number of indicators: sensitivity, efficiency, material and labor costs, and allowed saving 24 hours of time.
Key words: bacteriophages, phagoidentification, Salmonella.

pp. 151-154

IMPROVING REPRODUCIVE FUNCTION OF BOARS FEEDING L-KARNITIN

O. Iu. Iunusova, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: olur76@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of research on feeding biologically active additive L-Karnitin in mixed fodders to boars. The animals of control group were fed with a basic diet, boars of experiment group I – a basic ration with L-Karnitin at a dose of 150 mg/kg of mixed fodder, boars of experiment group II – 250 mg/kg and experiment group ІІІ – 350 mg/kg of mixed fodder. It was established that feeding biologically active additive L-Karnitin at a dose of 250 mg/kg of mixed fodder to boars contributed to increase of ejaculate volume by 13.28 % (P≤0.01). The highest sperm cells activity was noticed in animals of experiment group II and amounted 8.52 scores, what is by 10.08 % higher than in control group. On concentration of sperm cells boars of experiment group II surpassed analogues of control group and experiment groups I and III by 24.95 % (P≤0.05), 19.71 and 6.01 %, respectively. On sperm cell density the animals of experiment group II surpassed boars of the control group by 11.09 % (P≤0.01). It was also noticed that sperm doses quantity was higher in animals of experiment group II than in analogues of the control group by 1.38 % (P≤0.05). Doses of biologically active additive L-Karnitin 150 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg of mixed fodder influenced less on reproductive functions of boars. Thus, feeding boars with the additive L-Karnitin in compound of mixed fodder at a dose 250 mg per 1 kg of mixed fodder contributes to the increase of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sperm.
Key words: feeding, boars, L-Karnitin, sperm, ejaculate volume.

FORESTRY

pp. 155-159

DEPENDENCE OF FOREST PRODUCTIVITY ON SNOW COVER STOCK
IN FOREST AREAS OF UFIMSKY DISTRICT OF BASHKORTOSTAN REPUBLIC

I. K. Khabirov, Dr. Biol. Sci., Professor; R. F. Mustafin, Cand. Agr. Sci.;
A. M. Iskandarova; A. R. Rayanova, Post-Graduate Student,
Bashkirian State Agrarian University,
34, Ul. 50-letiya Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia, 450001
E-mail: Ilkhabirov@mail.ru, mustafin-1976@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Reserves of snow cover stock in forest areas in the conditions of Ufimsky District were investigated. During the research a snow measuring survey was carried on, the data obtained were processed with geographic information systems. There were presented the monitoring of snow cover depth indicators in forest areas for 2015 – 2016 years (from October to April). Height, density and structure of snow cover were determined. On the data obtained supply of water reserve contained in snow cover for each month under study has been established. There has been compiled a summary table of the results of field and chamber study. Then digitization of topographic maps of forest area landscapes and territories near-by had been carried out with the help of GIS technology, afterwards it was filled with the results of the research. It was established that forest productivity depended on snow cover stock, an enhanced growth of pine plantations was revealed. One of modern technologies for evaluation of snow accumulation and soil moisture in forest areas – aerial gamma-survey and GIS technologies – play an important role.
Key words: forest land, forest, stock of snow cover, water equivalent,field operation, field data quality control, GIS tehnology, Ufimskii region.