PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
pp. 4-12
SEED PURIFICATION PARAMETERS AND MODES BY IMPROVED VIBRATION-PNEUMATIC SEPARATOR (=PDF=)
V. D. Galkin, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor
A. D. Galkin, Dr. Tech. Sci.
V. A. Khandrikov, Cand.Tech. Sci.
A. F. Fedoseev, Engineer
M. S. Nakaryakov, Graduate Student
Perm State Agro-Technological University
113, Geroev Khasana St., Perm, Russia, 614025
Е-mail: engineer@pgsha.ru
ABSTRACT
The experiments were carried out with an experimental sample of a vibration-pneumatic separator at the Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment of the Faculty of Engineering of the Perm State Agro-Technological University. ES Ekaterina cultivar wheat seeds harvested in 2019 were used as the seed of the main crop with average values: humidity 13.6 %, bulk density 776 kg/m3, and infestation with wild oats – 62 pcs/kg. Two series of experiments were carried out. In the first of them, by univariate experiments, the operation of a vibration-pneumatic separator without the use of a seed guide moving along the deck was evaluated. In the second series of experiments, the operation of the machine was evaluated using a guide mounted on the deck. This problem was solved by implementing a two-factor experiment according to a three-level plan. The following factors were selected: the oscillation frequency of the deck and the angle of the guide relative to the direction of oscillation. The air flow rate was set using an anemometer in the range of 1.0-1.1 m/s, the oscillation frequency of the deck was changed by a frequency controller in the range of 480-540 1/min. As assessments were taken: the degree of allocation of wild oats and seed loss in waste. Rational parameters and operating modes of a vibration-pneumatic separator were determined experimentally with a specific load of 1.23 kg/s m2: deck vibration frequency 490 … 500 1/min, guide angle 120 mm – from –5º to + 5º to the direction of vibration.
Key words: purification, wheat seeds, wild oats, vibro-fluidized bed, deck, guide, parameters, modes.
pp. 13-19
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CHARACTERIZING THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL OPERATION (=PDF=)
V. V. Ivanov, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
A. V. Sedov, Postgraduate Student
M. V. Oshurkov, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
97, Prospect Gagarina St., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603107
E-mail: vospitngsha2014@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
The article presents some results of the analysis of factors that characterize the level of technical operation of tractors. The research was carried out in the ordinary operation of MTZ family tractors at agricultural enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The analysis is based on generalized factors of the technical operation level that affect the average annual output of tractors of this family. The list of generalized factors is determined by the result of an expert survey. The weight of each individual factor is determined by the method of expert assessments. The first step is to exclude generalized factors with the lowest weight values. Different variations and nomenclature of factors of the level of technical operation are theoretically justified. The analysis allows us to identify a range of factors that are necessary, but sufficient for a reliable assessment of this level and thus exclude factors that have lost their relevance. The next stage of the analysis is to determine the pair correlation coefficients. This coefficient characterizes the tightness of the relationship between the two values. We have constructed a matrix of correlation coefficients for generalized factors of the level of technical operation and average annual operating time. The results of the correlation analysis were able to reduce the number of factors affecting the average annual operating time of tractors to four. The obtained four generalized factors are further used to determine their optimal values that ensure maximum efficiency of the level of technical operation.
Key words: level of technical operation, average annual operating time, tractor fleet, generalized factors.
pp. 19-27
INFLUENCE OF ARC SURFACING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF APPLIED COATINGS (=PDF=)
A. M. Kashfullin, Cand. Tech. Sci.
S. G. Guryanov, Cand. Tech. Sci.
E. V. Pepelyaeva, Cand. Tech. Sci.
Perm State Agro-Technological University,
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: a.kashfullin@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Working bodies of soil-cultivation machines are subject to intensive abrasive wear, which is why their resource does not satisfy consumers today. The presence of abrasive particles in the soil during its processing leads to wear of the cutting parts of machines bodies. The influence of technological parameters of arc surfacing on the abrasive wear resistance of coatings formed from Fe-Cr-B-Al-Y cored wire was studied. To optimize the arc surfacing technological parameters, a four-factor experiment was used for a linear model in the form of a 24-1 semi-replica based on orthogonality and rotatability criteria. The resistance to abrasive wear in a loose abrasive was used as an optimization criterion. It was shown, according to the results of the regression analysis, that the wear resistance of surfaced coatings is most strongly influenced by arc current, as well as the speed of surfacing. The loss of coatings mass increases with a decrease of the arc current, as well as with a decrease of the surfacing speed. To find the optimal technological parameters of arc surfacing, the simplex method according to the criterion of maximum wear resistance of coatings is applied. The following technological parameters of surfacing were obtained: arc current 359 A; wire feed speed 100 m/h; surfacing speed 18.9 m/h; protective gas mass flow 8 l/min.
Key words: arc surfacing, cored wire, design of experiments, wear resistance.
AGRONOMY
pp. 28-37
FORMATION OF CROP HYBRID CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN (=PDF=)
B. G. Akhiyarov, Сand. Аgr. Sci., Associate Рrofessor;
B. N. Sotchenko, Junior Researcher; R. R. Abdulvaleev, Dr. Agr. Sci.;
A. V. Valitov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.; L. M. Akhiyarova, Сand. Аgr. Sci., Senior Researcher,
Bashkir State Agrarian University
34, 50-letiya Octyabrya St., Ufa, Russia, 450001
E-mail: Valit_84@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
In the Republic of Bashkortostan, corn is cultivated mainly for green mass, as well as for the preparation of silage. However, its green mass contains up to 85-90% of water, respectively, a silo prepared from the mass has a small amount of solids, in particular protein. The nutritional value of the feed is slightly high. The most high-quality feed may be obtained from corn grain or from an aerial mass with milk-wax and ripeness grain. The main problem for this area is the selection of early ripe hybrids with high nutritional value. The purpose of the research was to determine the most productive hybrids of selection of FGBNU VNII corn for cultivation using grain technology in the natural conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The results of the studies showed that the grain productivity of maize hybrids breeding FGBNU VNII corn, in different soil and climatic zones ranges from 2.50 to 6.76 t/ha. When cultivating maize hybrids using grain technology, the aerial mass of the studied hybrids is 30.68-68.80 t/ha. The research results can be successfully used in the formation of diets for feeding highly productive dairy cows, beef cattle and other types of agricultural animals and poultry. The grain productivity of maize hybrids studied in the conditions of two soil and climatic zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan ranges from 2.50-6.76 t/ha. According to the results of our research, we recommend to sow highly productive maize hybrids for silage K-140, K-150, Uralsky 150, Baikal, Mashuk 150, Shihan and Mashuk 175 and for grain production Mashuk 140, Ural 150, Mashuk 150 in the conditions of the SEC “Agro Tanyp” in the Tatyshlinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the conditions of the Ufa BGAU Ufa District of the Republic of Bashkortostan we recommend maize hybrids Mashuk 175 MV, Baikal, Shihan for silo and Mashuk 150, Baikal, Shihan for grain production.
Key words: corn, hybrid, grain, productivity, aboveground mass.
pp. 37-45
INFLUENCE OF THE HARVESTING PERIOD OF GREEN MASS ON TUBER YIELD AND QUALITY TOPINAMBUR PLANTED IN SPRING AND HARVESTED IN AUTUMN (=PDF=)
S. L. Eliseev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
E. A. Renev,Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor;
А. S. Kataev, Postgraduate Student,
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: akataev92@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of two-year studies of the impact of harvesting of green mass on the yield and quality of topinambur tubers. The one-factor experiment was laid in 2018-2019 on the training field of the Perm State Agro-Technological University according to the scheme: 1 – harvesting the green mass 10 days after the flowering phase, 2 – harvesting the green mass 20 days after the flowering phase, 3– harvesting the green mass before harvesting the tubers. It was established that the harvesting period of the green mass had no effect on the density of the plant standing, which was 3.2-3.3 pieces/m2, and the survival of plants – 88-92 %. Significantly large yield of topinambur tubers is noted when mowing the green mass before their harvesting – 26.4 tons per hectare. There is a tendency to increase the productivity of a topinambur bush at a later harvest period compared to the earlier by 34.6-121 g. This is due to an increase in the number of tubers in one bush by 1.1-2.3 pc. In the yield of topinambur tubers, regardless of the timing of harvesting of the green mass, dominated by tubers of small fraction, the share of which was 54-57%, the share of planting tubers – 32-37%, food – 9-11%. Significantly higher content of dry matter in topinambur tubers accumulates when harvesting green mass before harvesting tubers – 22.4%, which is 1.0-1.2% more than when harvesting green mass 10 and 20 days after the flowering phase. Vitamin C content, depending on the duration of harvesting of green mass, does not change significantly and is 16.7-17.7 mg/kg, as well as the content of carotene — 0.23-0.26 mg/kg.
Key words: topinambur tubers, yield, quality of tubers, the period of harvesting green mass.
pp. 45-53
FERTILITY AND PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF INFLORESCENCES OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PREDURALS (=PDF=)
I. N. Kuzmenko, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
N. L. Kolyasnikova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: inkuzmenko@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
The results of the features of development and reproductive ability of the herbaceous annual Сalendula officinalis L. of Mediterranean origin in Preduralie are presented. Experiments were conducted on the educational and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Agro-Technological University in 2018 and 2019. The scheme of the experiment, the influence of the seeding rate on the productivity of medicinal raw materials of calendula, included 3 variants of the seeding rate: 45, 55 and 65 pcs/m2. The scheme of the experiment, the effect of row width on the productivity of medicinal raw materials of calendula, included three variants of row width: 15, 30 and 45 cm. The soil of the experimental field is sod brown and loamy on the eluvium of Permian clays. We conducted phenological observations, studied the features of growth and development, fertility of generative organs of Сalendula officinalis L. of the Orange variety. Morphological features of various ontogenetic States of medicinal calendula in crops of different densities were revealed. The field germination of seeds was analyzed. A laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Botany and Plant Physiology Department of the Perm State Agro-Technological University to determine the laboratory germination of seeds of different fractions. The obtained data indicate the prospects of the Mediterranean flora as a source of medicinal plants with long vegetation, long flowering, and late blooming. The phenological phase of calendula flowering was observed from mid-late July and lasted until the end of the growing season. It is characterized by a long period, which allows plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. The maximum indicators of field seed germination in 2018 (65 %) were in the variant with a seeding rate of 65 рсs/m2 and a row spacing width of 15 cm (34 %), and the lowest – at 45 pcs/m2 (56 %) and 30 cm (14 %). In 2019, the maximum indicators of field germination of seeds (38 %) were in the variant with a seeding rate of 45 pcs/m2 and a row width of 30 cm (41 %), and the lowest – at 65 pcs/m2 (15 %) and 15 cm (39 %). These indicators were determined by weather conditions during the years of research. The features of formation of marigold inflorescences depending on the seeding rate and the width of the rows are revealed. The fertility of pollen and ovules of calendula was quite high and varied from 77 to 84 % and from 67 to 91 %, respectively. Adaptation of this medicinal crop in the region makes it possible to cultivate it in the field as part of a farm.
Key words: Сalendula officinalis L., seeding rate, seeding method, number of flowers, phenology, fertility, laboratory germination, field germination.
pp. 53-59
RESULTS OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES TRIALS IN PERM REGION (=PDF=)
G. P. Maisak, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm Agricultural Research Institute of Perm UB RAS
12, Kultury St., Lobanovo, Perm region, Russia, 614532
E-mail: pniish@rambler.ru
ABSTRAСT
Winter triticale is a relatively new for Perm region promising grain crop of complex use. Preliminary studies conducted at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute determined that in local conditions, the crop has a high potential yield. The primary contribution for obtaining high and stable yields of high-quality grain, belongs to the variety. Seventeen winter triticale varieties of various ecological and geographical origin were studied from 2013 to 2016. It has been determined that the agro-climatic conditions of Permsky Kray are acceptable for cultivating winter triticale for grain. Low wintering of winter triticale varieties was noted – 19-62 %. However, the obtained biological grain yield (5.61-10.18 t/ha) shows the feasibility of cultivating the culture in the region and determines the need to clarify individual agricultural techniques and, above all, the selection of varieties. Winter triticale variety Zimogor stood out providing the highest biological grain yield 10.18 t/ha average for 4 years of research in the collection nursery of fodder crops. The obtained results were confirmed by the structure of the crop: productive stem density (514 pcs/m2), the number of grains per ear (43.0 pcs.), and the mass of one ear (1.98 g). The largest grain was obtained from the varieties Izhevskaya 2, Legion, Mamuchar and Privada (the mass of 1000 grains was 46.04- 46.94 g). High spike productivity was noted for the variety Doctrine 110 – the mass of one spike was 2.15 g, it varied from 1.15 to 1.98 g for the other cultivars. Grain biological yield was closely related to the number of productive stems (r = 0.866), dependence degree from the mass of 1000 grains was medium (r = 0.506), from the mass of one ear was low (r = 0.386).
Key words: winter triticale, variety, yield, wintering, number of stems, mass of 1000 grains, ear productivity.
pp. 59-70
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR COMBINATIONS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING BARLEY IN SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL WITH VARIOUS NUTRIENT SUPPLY IN PREDURALIE (=PDF=)
I. N. Medvedeva, Сand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor;
S. V. Chirkov, Сand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: teatr-2010@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
The article, based on the analysis of experimental data from two years of research (2013-2014), presents information on the application of complex protection systems for fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators in combination with various mineral nutrition supply, which contribute to the increase of yield and resistance to diseases of fungal etiology on spring barley in Preduralie. The aim of the studies was to identify effective options for the integrated use of pesticides, their combination with various nutrient supply (NPK) and the effect on the phytosanitary state of spring barley crops, yield and grain quality. Studies were carried out to determine the optimal combination of pesticides and agrochemicals to obtain barley grain yields not less than 3.5-4 t/ha, to determine the influence of pesticides and their combination on the phytosanitary state of crops in soil with different mineral nutrition supply, to establish the influence of preparations on barley grain yields and yield structure. As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that on average in 2013-2014 the highest yield of barley was ensured by the use of pesticides with NPK60 in the form of plating with fungicide Dividend Star, CC and spraying of crops with herbicide Elant Premium, CE. At the same time, at the combination of pesticide yield of barley was 3.64 t/ha. The same version of the pesticide combination provided minimal crop losses from root rots. Root rot damage was reduced to 25.3 %, and disease propagation and development to 21.2 %. The highest biological yield is observed in variants with pre-sowing fungicide use (Dividend Star, CC) by the latest herbicide spraying (Elant-Premium, CE) and growth regulator (Albite, TPS) with NPK30 – 3.76 t/ha, which is 1.12 t/ha more than control.
Key words: barley, root rots, fungicides, growth regulators, yield, pesticides, disease propagation and development.
pp. 70-77
VARIETAL RESPOND OF POTATOES TO GROWTH BIOSTIMULATOR SABIAN AND PRE-HARVEST REMOVAL OF FOLIAGE IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)
А. A. Skriabin, Сand. Agr. Sci., Assistant Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: andrej.skryabin.2018@list.ru
ABSTRACT
The article presents data on the yield of different varieties of potatoes in terms of precocity – early-maturing Red Scarlett and mid-early Gala. The purpose of the research is to identify the optimal methods of care and pre-harvest removal of tops in potato varietal agrotechniques. The field experiment was conducted at the educational and scientific experimental field of the FSBEI HE Perm SATU in 2018-2019. The soils of the experimental area are sod-podzolic medium-loam with medium agrochemical characteristics. When conducting research, we used generally accepted methods. Meteorological conditions of vegetation periods in the years of research differed dramatically from each other. Weather conditions in 2018 were unfavorable for growth and development due to low rainfall and temperatures above the climate norm. The growing season of 2019 was rainy and cold. Precipitation fell twice the climate norm against the background of low average daily temperatures, which affected the yield of potatoes. Studies have shown that the yield of early maturing potato varieties Red Scarlett did not respond to the pre-harvest removal of foliage and the average grade was 21.7 t/ha. Average grade yield of 27.9 t/ha mid-early cultivar Gala was not significantly different from varieties Red Scarlett. In the variants of this variety, with different methods of pre-harvest removal of tops, there was a significant decrease in yield by 4.5-7.7 t/ha in the variant with mechanical removal of tops in comparison with the control variant without removal. Three-time use of the growth biostimulator izabion 2 l/ha together with fungicides did not increase the yield of potatoes of different ripeness groups.
Key words: productivity, growth biostimulator, fungicide, pre-harvest removal of tops, desiccation.
pp. 77-83
THE YIELD AND FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF SHALLOTS DEPENDING ON THE SUB-WINTER PLANTING PERIOD AND THE GROWTH REGULATOR (=PDF=)
T. V. Soromotina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: kafpererabotka@pgsha.ru
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of using growth regulators for soaking shallot bulbs during the winter planting period. The scientific work was carried out in 2014-2016 at the Lipogorie experimental and training farm of the Perm State Agricultural Academy. The following growth regulators were studied: Albit (BP), energy M (SP), vigor-Forte(SP), HB-101(V p). Water was used as a control. Bulbs were soaked for 6 hours in solutions of growth regulators before planting. Terms of planting bulbs in open ground were September 25 (control); October 02; October 09; October 16; October 23. Planting pattern of 45×20, the plant density of 11.1 pcs/m2. The object of research was shallot of the Ural 40 variety. The soil on which the experiments were laid, was highly cultivated, sod-middle podzolic, with granulometric composition of heavy loam – pHKCl 6.3; humus 7.2 %; content of mobile phosphorus 527 mg/kg, exchange potassium 428 mg/kg of soil. It was found that the largest number of products per unit area was obtained in the variants using the growth regulators Energia M( SP) and vigor Forte (SP) – 120.1-227.2 C/ha, which is more than the control (water) by 2.1-4.2 times. The higher yield in these variants was obtained when planting bulbs in the first decade of October – 214.7-227.2 C / ha, which exceeded the control indicator by 3-4 times. The yield in these variants increased due to an increase in the average weight of the bulb (35.4-36.6 g, which was more than the control by 60.5-74.4 %) and a larger number of bulbs in the nest (5.7-6.2 pieces). The share of the average fraction in the crop structure was 45.6 — 55.0 %.
Key words: shallots, sub-winter planting times, growth regulators, yield, fractional composition.
pp. 84-91
EVALUATION OF SAPROPEL UTILIZATION POSSIBILITY WHILE GROWING SUGAR BEETS ON GRAY FOREST SOILS OF NIZHNIY NOVGOROD REGION (=PDF=)
V. I. Titova, Dr. Sci. Agr., Professor
A. I. Baranov, Postgraduate Student
E. G. Belousova, Ph.D. Sci. Agr., Associate Professor
Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
97, Prospect Gagarina St., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603107
E-mail: titovavi@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
Sapropel is a long-acting organic fertilizer, which implies an assessment of its aftereffect that was studied on sugar beets of the Crocodile variety, F1 hybrid. Organo-clay sapropel with organic matter content of 43.3 %, gross forms of nitrogen 1.20 %, phosphorus 0.35 % potassium 0.16 %, and pH – 5.2. The studied doses of sapropel – 10, 20 and 30 t/ha, were introduced for its predecessor viz. corn that was grown for green mass in 2016 and 2017 respectively. No mineral fertilizers were introduced either for the predecessor, or for sugar beets. The study was conducted in Nizhny Novgorod region – an extreme northern Russian region for beet-growing, in a micro-field experiment with a plot of 3.24 m2, on light gray forest loamy soil, during the period of 2017-2018. The yield of root crops and tops was recorded, the dimensions of root crops in diameter and length were estimated, and the corresponding sugar content was determined. It has been established that due to soil fertility without any use of fertilizers with a total precipitation during May-September corresponding to the statistically average and average monthly temperatures for the same period of 21.4°С, 26.2 tons of root crops per 1 ha could be obtained, but during a cold and wet year the said quantity is 15 % less. The aftereffect of sapropel is assessed by increased amount of root crops equal to 6.6–13.9 t/ha; the said amount reached its maximum with introduction of sapropel of 20 t/ha. The mass of one root crop did not exceed 450 g, the sugar content varied within 16.6-17.4 %.
Key words: sapropel, dose, micro-field experiment, sugar beet, productivity.
pp. 91-100
PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF INTERMEDIATE CROPS FOR SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION (=PDF=)
P. A. Ukhov
A. M. Lentochkin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
16, Kirova St., Izhevsk, Russia, 426033
E-mail: petrukhov@icloud.com
ABSTRACT
The study of the impact of the use ways of previous intermediate crops represented by winter rape and spring crops on the yield of spring wheat and its structure was studied in the fields of JSC «Put Ilyicha» in the Zavyalovsky District of the Udmurt Republic in 2016-2018. Intermediate cultures were used as a source of soil organic matter. However, growing these crops one after another in a system of resource-saving soil cultivation technology was accompanied by a significant increase in weediness of crops. Whereas on winter rape their quantity averaged 24 pcs/m2, then on spring intermediate crops – 54 pcs/m2 and on spring wheat – 52 pcs/m2. Due to the high infestation in our studies, the yield of spring wheat was low, the average experimentally was 12.3-19.2 c/ha. After spring intermediate crops used for green fodder, the yield of spring wheat was 15.1 c/ha, and when using for green manure with disking, it was significantly higher by 2.2 c/ha (least significant difference (95%) = 1.2 c/ha). Low yield of wheat was due to the low density of both seedlings and productive stems. If the average number of seedlings was 293-316 pcs/m2, the productive stems – 306-346 pcs/m2. It was found that the disking of spring intermediate crops significantly increased the density of the productive stem of spring wheat by 36 pcs/m2 relative to the use for green feed (310 pcs/m2) with (least significant difference (95%) = 18 pcs/m2). The disking of both winter rape and spring intermediate crops following it in the same year significantly increased the productivity of wheat ears: the first intermediate crop was 0.07 g (control — 0.74 g; least significant difference (95%) = 0.04 g), and the second 0.13 g (control – 0.73 g; least significant difference (95%) = 0.03 g). Among spring intermediate crops, millet increased the productivity of a wheat ear relative to a vetch-grain mixture (0.75 g) by 0.07 g with least significant difference (95%) = 0.04 g.
Key words: yield of spring wheat, predecessors, intermediate crops, weediness.
VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY
pp. 101-108
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF ANIMAL BREEDING OBJECTS (POULTRY FARMING) OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE INSTITUTIONS AT THE MODERN STAGE (=PDF=)
A. D. Alekseev,Сand. Vet. Sci.
Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the Sverdlovsk Reg.
4а, Repina St., Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620019
E-mail: vetfsinsverdobl68@mail.ru
O. G. Petrova, Dr. Vet. Sci.
Ural State Agricultural University
42, K. Libkneht St., Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620075
E-mail: super.kafedra2013@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
At present, one of the main tasks of veterinary medicine is to ensure the biological safety of livestock (poultry) facilities, as well as ensuring the quality and safety of food products, both in the production process and during its turnover. This task is relevant not only for Russia, but also for foreign countries. In our country, in accordance with Article 5 of the Law of the Russian Federation dated 14.05.1993 № 4979-I «On Veterinary Medicine» was created a system of the State Veterinary Service which, in accordance with Article 7 of the Law «On Veterinary Medicine», includes the veterinary service of the Federal Penitentiary Service. Analysis of reports of territorial bodies of Russia’s Federal Penitentiary Service for the period 2015-2019 shows that the epizootic situation at the facilities of the penal system of the Russian Federation remains unstable. In the institutions of the territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, infectious diseases were recorded, including common for humans and animals. In a number of territorial bodies, infectious diseases persist for several years, which indicates inpatient distress for infections of farm animals. In order to prevent the emergence of infectious diseases at livestock (poultry) facilities in a penitentiary system, primarily zoonotic infections, it is necessary to improve the biological safety system of penitentiary system facilities, including toughening measures applied to officials of institutions subordinated to territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, responsible for the maintenance of farm animals, both administrative and disciplinary, as well as and strengthening the interaction with the veterinary services of the entities of the Russian Federation in maintaining epizootic well-being in the areas where the penitentiary system objects locate.
Key words: Veterinary Service of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, biological safety, infectious diseases of farm animals.
pp. 108-114
MOTOR, JUMPING QUALITIES OF SPORTS HORSES AND THEIR PERFORMANCE (=PDF=)
E. M. Bachurina, Cand. Аgr. Sci.
V. I. Polkovnikova, Cand. Аgr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: cat.zor2014@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
In competitions in show jumping and riding arena are most often used horses that have a clear, measured, rhythmic movement. The movement of the horse consists of a passive part of the musculoskeletal system – skeleton, tendons, ligaments, mucous bags and active muscles. Motor qualities are the basis of dressage, and dressage classes provide an opportunity to improve in various directions. Dressage is the implementation of basic elements of dressage. It is the initial stage of dressage: volts, changes, transitions, stops, upsetting. Assessment of motor skills allows a coach or horse-holder to identify the most promising sport horses. Leap horse through obstacle consists of four phases: grouping, repulsion, flight, landing and is undertaken with the help of innate motor reflex. Hopping of quality include the capacity, style, jump, and temperament of the horse. When training a sport horse, attention is paid to the formation and improvement of natural motor and jumping qualities. The assessment of motor and jump qualities of sport horses adjusted for of temperament horse was carried out on motor skills produced in the style of walk, trot and canter, evaluation of the jump on the barrier height and style of the jump. In addition, we analyzed the performance of horses in competitions in show jumping and riding arena by calculating the success index. The high index of success in the competition and in the arena riding competitions distinguished horses of Hanover breed, 64.3% and 49.8% respectively. Thus, timely evaluation of motor and jumping allows trainers and housebreakers to identify significant shortcomings or good innate motor and jumping qualities in horses for the correct and competent and correct selection of individual training and improve qualities. Consequently, this work, which addresses these issues, is relevant.
Key words: jumping qualities, motor qualities, riding, jumping, overcoming obstacles, testing, performance.
pp. 114-121
ROLE OF CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF NASAL AND PHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN CALVES (=PDF=)
S. V. Gurova, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor
V. M. Aksenova, Dr. Biol. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990
E-mail: gurvet@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
In recent years, interest in the study of the parameters of nasal mucus and the secretion of the respiratory tract and their role in the earlier diagnosis of respiratory diseases has increased. In this work, we studied the diagnostic value of the study of the nasal and pharyngeal contents in bronchopneumonia in calves on farms of the Permsky Kray. The first experimental group included animals of black-motley breed without clinical symptoms of the disease, and the second – young animals with signs of bronchopneumonia. Clinical and hematological parameters were determined in calves of both experimental groups and microscopy of the nasal and pharyngeal substrates was performed. All sick animals had fever, tachycardia, polypnoea, a dry painful cough, a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, an increase in the number of leukocytes and ESR, and a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in the leukogram, an increase in monocytes, juvenile and stab neutrophils compared with those of the control calves groups. Compared with nasal secretion, the content of the pharyngeal medium in healthy young animals showed a decrease in the percentage of neutrophils by an average of 27.8%, but an increase in the number of lymphocytes by 1.7 times and macrophages by 17%. In patients with bronchopneumonia, the content of ciliated epithelial cells decreased by 1.9 times and lymphocytes by 2.2 times in comparison with the biological material of the nasal cavity in the pharyngeal substrate. No eosinophils and basophils were found in smears of respiratory tract secretions of all examined calves. The technology for obtaining samples of nasal and pharyngeal secretions in young cattle is promising for the detection and treatment of sick animals. A cytological study of rhinopharyngial substrate can be recommended as a method for additional diagnosis of bronchopneumonia.
Key words: bronchopneumonia, calves, hemostasis, nasal and pharyngeal mucus.
pp. 121-129
EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDING VARIOUS BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATIONS TO DIET OF BROILER CHICKENS (=PDF=)
B. S. Kaloev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
E-mail: bkaloev@yandex.ru
M. S. Gurtsieva, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: aminananieva15@mail.ru
Gorsky State Agrarian University
37, Kirova St., Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Russia, 362040
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of scientific and economic experience to study the effectiveness of the introduction of various biologically active drugs in the diet of broiler chickens Ross 308 cross, held in PR «Mikhailovsky» RSO-Alania in 2018-2019. For scientific research, the daily subsistence of Ross-308 chickens were taken with the same living mass and development, from which test groups were formed. Eight groups of broiler chickens were formed: one control and seven experimental groups, 100 heads each. In the research, the influence of the enzyme preparation «Cellolux F», probiotic «OLIN» and prebiotic «MOS-activator», both individually and in various combinations, on the growth of live weight of broiler chickens was studied. Growing chickens were weighed once a week to establish the dynamics of growth and indicators of absolute, average daily and relative weight gain during the experiment. It was found that the studied enzyme, probiotic and prebiotic, positively influenced the change of body weight in dynamics. It was determined that the most significant effect, both for particular weeks and for all six weeks of cultivation, was observed in broiler chickens of the seventh experimental group, which additionally received the enzyme Cellolux F 1.0 kg/t + probiotic OLIN 0.02 g per head per day + prebiotic MOS-activator 0.7 kg/t of feed. Their superiority over the control group in terms of live weight at the end of cultivation was 201.4 g or 9.3 %. A significant increase in live weight gain is observed when two different drugs are used together – 137.3-170.0 g or 6.3 – 7.8 %, compared with the control. With a separate application of the studied drugs, the positive effect on the growth of broiler chickens of experimental groups 1-3 was observed but was less significant.
Key words: broiler chickens, feeding, enzyme preparation, probiotic, prebiotic, live weight gain.
pp. 129-135
INFLUENCE OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE LEVEL ON CATS’ REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (=PDF=)
M. I. Larionova, Postgraduate Student
N. A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Veterinar. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
E-mail: 777777444444@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Reproductive medicine of cats is not properly developed in comparison with reproductive medicine of other animal species. However, it does not become less important. Personal experience allows us to note that only 2 out of 10 pet owners visit a veterinarian for preventive control on a regular basis. The article deals with the influence of female sex hormones level in blood such as estradiol and progesterone on the state of reproductive system organs of cats living in Perm and the Perm Krai. The presented article describes in detail the significance of sex hormones as well as their effect on animal organism, compares the period of hormonal cycle with the results of laboratory and histological tests. We successfully confirmed the results of our previous research and opened prospects for new scientific research. One of the significant discoveries of recent years was the proof of risk for reproductive system in young cats as their age-related conspecifics. We are convinced that the studies of our domestic and foreign colleagues carried out earlier on this issue are relevant for our region. The research results of article authors allowed tracing changes in cells of uterine tubes and ovaries of cats and proving their independence from the breed. Pathomorphological changes in reproductive organs of cats are also not related to hormonal activity of estrogen and progesterone. Due to the absence of studies on hormonal background level of the felidae family and its effect on pathomorphological parameters of reproductive organs in females, there is a mistaken opinion among practicing veterinarians about the effect of hormones; therefore, the relevance of present research can be considered.
Key words: cats, estradiol, progesterone, reproductive medicine, hormones, oophoritis, endometritis, uterus, ovaries.