PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

pp. 4-10

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF MIXED FODDER DISTRIBUTOR WITH A SPIRAL-SCREW DISPENSER  (=PDF=)

E. A. Lyalin, Senior Lecturer

M. A. Trutnev, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

N. V. Trutnev, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

113, Geroev Khasana Street, Perm, Russia, 614025

E- mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

An additional distribution of concentrated fodder is necessary for highly productive dairy cows. Many farms of Russia and the Permskiy Kray use volumetric dispensers, one of them is a spiral-screw dispenser (SSD). This dispenser has good metering accuracy and can be installed on accumulator drive dispenser. The distributor is equipped with a 55 AHr battery, the transporting spiral has a diameter of 97 mm, a pitch of 73 mm and a rotation speed of 43 min^-1. Performance test of fodder distributor with SSD was carried out on dairy farms of the Permskiy Kray. Since the volume of concentrates for every cow is individual, it must be calculated according to the appropriate method taking into account the daily milk yield. Performance test showed working capacity of the developed distributor with SSD, its efficiency in the dosed delivery of animal feed. During the performance test, the amount of delivered feed was 552…604 grams per animal. Taking into account the time wasted to the movement of distributor, its performance was 3.11 kg / min, the dosing imbalance does not exceed 4.18 % in crumbled bran distribution and 3.27 % in granulated feed distribution. The energy consumption for the feed distribution was 45…47 W · h. The results of performance tests confirmed the value of our research.

Key words: feed distributor, spiral screw dispenser, imbalanced delivery, fractional feeding, dosing.

pp. 11-17

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE PROCESSING METHOD ON FRICTION JOINT RESTORED BY GAS-FLAME SPRAYING ON THEIR TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES (=PDF=)

E. V. Pepelyaeva, Cand. Tech. Sci.

A. M. Kashfullin, Cand. Tech. Sci.

S. G. Guryanov, Cand. Tech. Sci.

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: tsat@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The dependence of friction coefficient in mating parts designed the work of friction couple «gear pump shaft – sleeve» is investigated for new parts and for restored by the method of gas-flame spraying. Samples No. 1 were made from carbon steel + tin bronze, samples No. 2 were made from carbon steel with gas-flame sprayed coating from NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy + tin bronze. The surface of the samples was mechanically treated to a certain roughness using fine turning (Ra=0.4 microns), fine grinding (Ra=0.25 microns), ultra-fine grinding (Ra=0.16 microns), and polishing (Ra=0.08 microns). According to the results of studies, the samples with sprayed coatings have better antifriction properties than samples without coatings. Thus, the obtained values of friction coefficients with the same mechanical treatment in samples No. 2 are lower by 1.5-2 times than in samples No. 1. It is also established that polishing in these friction couples is insufficient because it leads to an increase in the friction coefficient, and as a consequence to a decrease in the performance of mating parts.

Key words: gas-flame spraying, coatings, mechanical treatment, roughness, friction coefficient.

pp. 17-24

ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF AUTOMATIC INJECTION TIMING DEVICES (=PDF=)

N. V. Rakov, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

E-mail: nikolaymgu@yandex.ru

A. V. Smolyanov, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

E-mail: ffenix2004@rambler.ru

Ogarev Mordovia State University

5, Rossiyskaya Street, Saransk, Russia, 430904

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research results on the assessment of technical condition of automatic injection timing devices (AITD) on a modernized stand for testing and adjustment of diesel fuel equipment. During the exploitation, diesel engines excess fuel on average by 10-20% that is caused by supply irregularity and deviation of injection timing angle (ITA) from the optimal values. The ITA consists of initial (installation) angle and injection timing angle with the raise of engine speed-up. In order to compensate for injection and ignition delays, the start time of fuel supply can be changed by the automatic injection timing device depending on the rotation frequency. Developed methods and recommended technologies of the AITD control possess a high complexity in operating conditions. The digital measuring system BEST-12M designed for the modernization of fuel stands for adjustment of high-pressure fuel injection pumps of diesel engines was proposed. The BEST-12M system automatically determines the injection start angle, value and deviation sign of injection pump base section from the nominal value as well as the change of the AITD turning angle. The article deals with the results of technical condition of the AITD fuel injection pump of the KAMAZ–740 engines. The obtained data of input stand control showed that in the mode of cam shaft rotation of injection pump of 600 min^-1, the AITDs excess the turning angle above the limit in 95 %, in the mode of 900 min^-1 – 79 %, in 1300 min^-1 – 23 %. The average values of device turning angles in the modes of 600 and 900 min^-1 excess the maximum permitted values in 2.2 and 1.29 times, respectively, and in 1300 min^-1 mode stay within the limit. Verification of the obtained data was carried out according to the Shapiro-Wilk test.

Key words: device, angle, fuel injection timing, diesel, modernization, test.

AGRONOMY

pp. 25-32

INFLUENCE OF CROP ROTATION AND FERTILIZER SYSTEM ON POTASSIUM REGIME OF SOD-FINE-PODZOLIC MEDIUM-LOAMY SOIL (=PDF=)

Yu. A. Akmanaeva, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: ylishnaaa@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The results of studies on the effect of crop rotation and fertilizer systems on the potash regime of sod-fine-podzolic medium loamy soil are presented. The studies were conducted in the field experiment at the Perm SATU training and experimental field for several years. It is shown that the type of crop rotation and the fertilizer system affected the potash regime of the soil. In green manure rotation, the best conditions for feeding crops with potassium are formed under all fertilizer systems. In the six-year crop rotation in green manure, there is a tendency for potassium in the soil layer to increase from 0–20 cm from 23.2 to 27.2 mg / kg of soil with an organic fertilizer system and up to 33 mg / kg of soil with a mineral. In a grain-crop rotation, there is a decrease in the organic system from 24.7 to 18.8 mg / kg of soil and to 22.8 in the case of the mineral. The content of exchangeable potassium in all experiment variants increased in the version without fertilizer in sideral crop rotation by 31 % (from 167 to 218 mg / kg of soil) in grain and fallow crops by 14 % (from 167 to 190 mg / kg of soil). In green manure rotation in the variant without fertilizers, the content of easily hydrolysable potassium in the soil layer remained at the same level and amounted to 600 mg / kg of soil. In the case of an organic fertilizer system, a tendency is observed to decrease in green manure rotation from 600 to 547 mg / kg of soil, and in a grain-fallow crop, to increase to 697 mg / kg of soil. The best fertilizer system for green manure and crop rotation was mineral and organo-mineral.

Key words: sod-podzolic soil, fertilizer system, type of crop rotation, classification of potassium in the soil, potash soil regime, forms of potassium.

pp. 33-41

EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON YIELD CAPACITY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRAIN HAYLAGE OF MIXED SOWING OF SPRING WHEAT AND PEA IN THE CONDITIONS OF MEDIUM CULTIVATED SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL (=PDF=)

M. A. Aleshin, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

L. A. Mikhailova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovsk Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: matvei0704@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research results of the influence of increasing doses of nitrogen (factor С – N₀; N₃₀; N₆₀) and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (factor В – Р₀К₀; Р₆₀К₆₀), on the productivity of pure (factor А – spring wheat (A₀); pea (A₄)) and mixed agrocenoses (factor А – wheat 75 % + pea 25 % (A₁); wheat 50 % + pea 50 % (A₂), wheat 25 % + pea 75 % (A₃)). The studies were carried out in Perm Krai on medium cultivated sod-podzolic soil. The productivity of mixed pea-wheat agrocenoses varied depending on their composition, doses of nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Higher yield capacity of grain haylage mass (up to 8.34 t/ha) was obtained in mixed agrocenoses –75 % wheat, 25 % pea with mineral fertilizers in doses of N₆₀ + Р₆₀К₆₀. An increase in yield capacity of grain haylage mass by 0.83 and 1.19 t/ha (relative to pure sowing of wheat) was recorded when cereal component of sowing pea was included in the agrocenoses in an equivalent of 50 % and 25 %, respectively. Use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (Р₆₀К₆₀) contributed to an increase in yield capacity of pure (wheat by 0.45…0.49 t/ha, pea by 0.79…1.21 t/ha) and mixed (by 0.23…0.78-0.40…1.19 t/ha) sowings. Higher response to nitrogen application was observed in pure sowing of spring wheat and mixed sowing with wheat prevalence. The use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers provided a more balanced nutrition of wheat plants in the conditions of medium cultivated sod-podzolic soil that contributed to their higher response to technical nitrogen fertilizers. Grain haylage obtained in a mixed agrocenoses corresponds to the 1 grade according to GOST R 58145-2018 (State Standard), on the amount of crude protein (not less than 120 g/kg) and crude fiber (not more than 250 g/kg) in feed composition.

Key words: nitrogen doses, mixed sowing, grain haylage, biochemical composition, energy estimate.

pp. 41-47

AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE XXI CENTURY: EXPERIENCE OF AZERBAIJAN (=PDF=)

V. A. Babayev, Dr. Аgr. Sci.,

Soil Science and Agrochemistry Institute

Azerbaijan National Academy of Science

092 А/682, G. Zardabi Street, Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1122

E-mail: v.babayev@gaba.az

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the results of experiments using organic preparations and their influence on the quality and productivity of crops on the materials of the territory of the Kakhsky region of Azerbaijan (Sheki-Zagatala region). The presence of nutrients in the soil after harvesting is determined, as well as the effectiveness of the implementation of information and communication technology elements. Based on statistical data for the last period (over the past 10 years), an analysis of the current state of the development of the organic farming system in Azerbaijan is made. The experience of using agrobiotechnologies (introducing beneficial microorganisms and probiotics), the latest plant protection products and increasing soil fertility through the use of biological products has been studied. The purpose of the research is also to disseminate among farmers the results of successful experiments achieved in the country and modern technologies introduced in world practice; periodization of the online FERMER TV video channel to educate farmers on the above issues, presenting videos of expert recommendations from demonstration fields of successful farmers.

Key words: information and communication technologies, organic farming, organic fertilizers, sustainable development, agricultural sector.

pp. 47-52

EFFECT OF GRAIN SEEDS UV RADIATION (=PDF=)

A. G. Kuryleva, Cand. Agr. Sci.

UdmFIC UrB RAS

34, Imeni T. Baramzinoi Street, Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia, 426067

E-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

N. P. Kondratieva, Dr. Techn. Sci., Professor

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

11, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, Russia, 426069

E-mail: aep_isha@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents research on one of the ways to increase the energy of germination and the strength of the initial growth of grain crops seeds. The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the seeds of winter and spring wheat, winter triticale and oleogenous oats is presented. In the studies, it was found that the positive effect of seed treatment with ultraviolet was obtained in winter wheat, winter triticale and oats. Ultraviolet radiation with a dose of 1882 J/m² (seed treatment for 10 minutes) increased the strength of the initial growth and laboratory germination of winter wheat. The average length of sprouts and roots was better when irradiated for 5 min at a dose of 941 J/m². Ultraviolet radiation with a dose of 2823 J/m² (seed treatment for 15 minutes) increased the strength of the initial growth and the germination energy of winter triticale. The average length of shoots and roots was better when irradiated for 10 minutes with a dose of 1882 J/m². Ultraviolet radiation with a dose of 2823 J/m² (seed treatment for 15 minutes) increased the strength of the initial growth, germination, had a positive effect on the average length of the shoots and roots of the oats. There were no positive and negative effects on spring wheat seeds. Ultraviolet seed treatment provoked the development of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker (Helminthosporium sativum P., K. et B.): winter triticale at a dose of 941 J/m², winter wheat at a dose of 1882 J/m² and oats at a dose of 2823 J/m², infection increased by 9.39, 10.45 and 10.20 % (НСР₀₅ – 4.30, 8.70 and 6.70 %, respectively). Therefore, before using UV-A, it is necessary to conduct phyto-examination of seeds to prevent the development of infection. In general, the treatment of grain crops seeds using the example of winter wheat and triticale, glazed oats with ultraviolet rays is a promising environment-friendly and cheap way to prepare seeds for sowing.

Keywords: crops, germination, germination energy, initial growth force, ultraviolet radiation.

pp. 52-59

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS EVALUATION OF NEW CARROT HYBRIDS FOR CULTIVATION IN THE NORTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE SOUTH OF THE TYUMEN REGION (=PDF=)

L. V. Lyashcheva, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

Northern TRANS-Urals state University

7, Respubliki Street., Tyumen, Russia, 625003

E-mail: liashheva53 72@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

In 2014-2016 a comparative test of ten varieties and hybrids of table carrots in the Northern forest-steppe of the south of the Tyumen region was carried out. The weather conditions of the growing seasons were as follows: the average air temperature in 2016 was 16.3 ° C, in 2014 – 13.7 ° C, in 2015 – 14 ° C with an average long-term norm of 13.1 ° C. The amount of precipitation for three years of research was higher than the average long-term norm: 2014 by 75.7 mm; 2015 by 30.7 mm; 2016 by 133.6 mm. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest medium loamy, highly cultivated. The comparative analysis showed that in the group of the Nantes variety type, the Baltimore hybrid – 109 days was the earliest in the duration of the growing season, the Norway and Nerak hybrids – 129 and 124 days were the latest. For all studied biometric indicators in this group, significant differences were observed in the hybrids Berlin, Nairobi, Norway and Newhall, insignificant differences in the same indicators, except for the length of the root crop, were noted in the Nerak hybrid. The highest yield was in the Norway hybrid, it exceeded the control by 21 t / ha at NSRo₅ = 4.1 t / ha. In the group of Chantenay variety type, the Canberra hybrid was the leader in all biometric parameters. Its indicators, for example, the length and weight of the root were significantly higher than in the control 1.4 times. A significant increase in yield was in the same hybrid, it exceeded the control by 32 t / ha (NSRo₅-7.9 t / ha), while significant differences were observed not only in comparison with the control variant, but also with the Carson hybrid. The highest amount of dry matter (15.8 and 16.2 %), sugars (10.7 and 10.4 %) and carotene (18.2 and 12.3 mg/100g) was respectively in the Newhall and Canberra hybrids.

Key words: carrot, hybrid, variety, yield, yield structure, dry matter, carotene, nitrates.

pp. 59-65

THE INFLUENCE OF FORECROPS AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF BARLEY (=PDF=)

V. R. Olekhov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov

23, Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

Е-mail: olekhovr@yandex.ru

I. S. Teterlev,

LLC «Terminal-Lysva»

Russkoe pole Street, Kungur, Russia, 617472

Е-mail: igo5540@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

Spring barley is one of the most important agricultural crops of the Permskiy Kray. The use of the most suitable forecrops is one of the agrotechnical measures that contribute to increasing barley yield. Also an important role in increasing the yield of barley is played by the use of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers. Three-year research of influence of forecrops and mineral fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of barley of the Rodnik Prikamiya variety were carried out in the experimental field of Perm Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Barley monoculture, red clover 2 years of use and blue lupine for grain were used as forecrops. The gradations of factor B were the following rates of nutrients: without fertilizers; N₆₀; P₃₀K₆₀; N₆₀P₃₀K₆₀. The cultivation of barley on sod-podzolic soil without fertilizers along the red clover layer and after blue lupine contributed to an increase in grain yield compared to monoculture. The effectiveness of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers was low. A positive effect of nitrogen fertilizers on productivity was noted in  barley monoculture and, to a lesser extent, after blue lupine. In treatments where barley was grown along clover 2 years of use layer, there was no increase in yield from the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The quality of barley grain changed under the influence of the studied factors. The highest values of crude protein content in grain were obtained when cultivating barley in a layer of red clover. The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on quality indicators was expressed in an increase in the content of crude protein and in a decrease in the content of crude ash in barley grain.

Key words: forecrops, mineral fertilizers, barley, lupine, clover.

pp. 65-75

INFLUENCE OF BASIC TILLAGE SYSTEMS OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, THE TYPE OF FALLOW AND STRAW ON CROP YIELD CAPACITY OF CROP ROTATION LINK (=PDF=)

N. A. Pegova, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Udmurt Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture

34, Baramzina Street, Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia, 426067

E-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The studies were carried out in a stationary field experiment (second rotation) in the crop rotation link: fallows – winter rye – spring wheat with clover underseeding – 1-year clover – winter rye. Alongside the prolonged use of basic tillage (factor A): ridge, combined, flat, the types of fallows (2014) were studied in combination with the application of winter rye straw during its harvesting in 2015 of 4 t/ha (factor B): 1 – pure fallow (k); 2 – pure fallow + straw; 3 – pure fallow + manure 60 t/ha; 4 – pure fallow + manure + straw; 5 – green-manured fallow (white mustard) + straw; 6 – green-manured fallow (1-year clover) + straw. Types of fallow were decayed by nitrogen application and without it. Prolonged flat tillage reduced the average yield capacity of grain crops (2.75 t/ha) by 0.56 t/ha compared to ridge one (3.31 t/ha). Reduced yield capacity on combined tillage (3.08 t/ha) was at the tendency level. Clover productivity did not depend on the tillage system (2.01-2.12 t/ha). The influence of biological resources on the productivity of one hectare of arable land per crop rotation link was insignificant – 2.73-3.04 t/ha of grain units. The reaction of crops to bio-resources was different. The highest yield capacity of grain crops was observed in the variant of pure fallow with manure – 3.88 t/ha. Application of straw with pure fallow significantly reduced the yield capacity of grain crops – 2.76 t/ha. The use of manure and green-manured fallows neutralized depressive effect of straw on the yield capacity of grain crops, the average yield was by 0.51-0.69 t/ha higher than pure fallow + straw. Any combination of bio-resources reduced clover productivity by 0.43-0.63 t/ha compared with pure fallow (2.44 t/ha), except for pure fallow + straw – 2.38 t/ha of grain units.

Key words: fallows, manure, mustard, clover, straw, tillage, yield capacity.

pp. 75-81

INFLUENCE OF ALFALFA ON SOIL AGRO-PHYSICAL, AGROCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND GRAIN CROP YIELD PRODUCTIVITY IN CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE POVOLZHIE FOREST-STEPPE (=PDF=)

M. M. Sabitov, Cand. Agr. Sci.

R. V. Naumetov, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture

19, Institutskaya Street, Timiryazevsky, Ulyanovsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast,

Russia, 433315

E-mail: m_sabitov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The studies were carried out in the Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture to determine the influence of alfalfa on the agrophysical, agrochemical and biological soil properties and crop capacity of grain crops in conditions of the Middle Povolzhie forest-steppe in 2016-2018. The impact of alfalfa on the main agrophysical, biological parameters of fertility, productivity and quality of grain were studied in stationary experiments. The experimental site was leached Chernozem with humus content 6.35 %, pH-6.8, phosphorus 22.5, potassium 11.9 mg/100g of soil (according to Chirikov). Cultivation of grain crops on perennial grasses allows for a more even distribution of density in the arable horizon of 1.10-1.12 g/cm3. The best conditions for moisture and food regime were formed on winter wheat. Due to the incorporation of PKO (crop-root residues) from 2.45 to 10.6 t/ha and nutrients in the organic mass (nitrogen 41.3 kg, phosphorus 12.2 and potassium 29.1 kg/t) ensures the preservation and maintenance of food reserves in arable chernozems. Perennial legumes, leaving straw and crop-root residues in the rotation lead to an increase in biological activity in the arable horizon. Improved methods of cultivation of winter, spring with previously used methods, contribute to an increase in the collection of quality products per unit area by 1.5-2.0 % and the yield of all products by 15-20 %.

Key words: density, humidity, nutrition mode, biological activity, yield.

pp. 81-88

STUDY OF NARROW-LEAF LUPIN FOR GRAIN IN THE KIROV OBLAST (=PDF=)

N. I. Yufereva, Cand. Аgr. Sci., Associate Professor

T. A. Lekontseva, Cand. Аgr. Sci., Associate Professor

E. S. Statsenko, Cand. Аgr. Sci., Associate Professor

Vyatka State Agricultural Academy

133, Oktyabrskiy Prospect, Kirov, Russia,  610017

E-mail: cemenow2010@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

Among the annual lupins in the Kirov Oblast, only narrow-leaf lupin is appropriate for cultivation. Lupin selection is absent in the Oblast therefore there are no adapted varieties. The article presents the research results of Lupin varieties in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka Region. The comparative ecological study of varieties was carried out in 2017-2019 on the territory of educational and experimental field of the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy in plots with sod-podzolic medium loamy soils. The object of research was narrow-leaf lupine varieties selected at the All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Lupin (Bryansk): the Vityaz, the Siderate 46, the Bryansk Kormovoy, the Belozerniy 110, the Narrow-Leaf 53, the Nadezhda. The Crystal variety listed in the State Register is taken as a standard. The seeding rate is 1.2 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare. Phenological tests were carried out according to the method of the State Variety Testing (1985). Various weather conditions in the years of research contributed to a more objective assessment of varieties. It is revealed that on average for 3 years of research, the Siderate 46 and the Narrow-Leaf 53 were more precocious – the duration of vegetation period is 97 … 99 days (standard 101 days). The most productive varieties are the Siderate 46 and the Belozerniy 110 – 279…287 g/m², with 263 g/m² in the Crystal standard variety. Higher grain yield of the Siderate 46 is obtained due to a larger number of beans per plant and number of seeds per legume; in the Belozerniy 110 – due to a larger number of seeds per legume. The Belozerniy 110 can be recommended for cultivation for grain purposes in the farms of the Volga-Vyatka Region.

Key words: narrow-leaf lupine, variety, test, precocity, grain yield.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 89-94

FUNCTIONAL METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF LEUKOCYTES IN CATTLE WITH LEUKOSIS-ASSOCIATED INFECTION (=PDF=)

S. T. Baiseitov, Postgraduate Student

V. S. Vlasenko, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor

Omsk State Agrarian University

1, Institutskaya Ploshad, Omsk, Russia, 644008

E-mail: vvs-76@list.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of a comparative study of functional activity of animal neutrophils in case of leukemia infection including its association with brucellosis. At the beginning of the study, 50 cows were selected with antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (BLV) detected across several diagnostic tests: immune diffusion reaction, indirect immunofluorescence reaction, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The follow-up serological test for antibodies to a number of pathogens of infectious diseases showed that in 80 % of animals, an association with bacterial pathology accompanies BVL. Cases of a combined course of leukemia infection with brucellosis (in 46 % of cows), chlamydia (20 %), paratuberculosis (12 %), campylobacteriosis (8 %) and anaplasmosis (4 %) were revealed. At the final stage of the study, we examined the features of the functional activity of neutrophils in the test with nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT test) in the combined course of leukemia and brucellosis infection due to the most frequent manifestations of these associations. For this purpose, fifteen heads of cattle were divided into 3 groups: 1st – healthy animals (n = 5); 2nd – carriers of BVL (n = 5) and 3rd – simultaneously infected with brucellosis and BVL. It is determined that a significant increase in spontaneous and stimulated tetrazolium activity and a functional reserve of neutrophils accompanies the associated course of leukemia and brucellosis in individual animals. That might be a sign of an antioxidant system deficiency.

Key words: leuсosis, associated infections, NBT test, brucellosis, neutrophils.

pp. 94-98

INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSES ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF RABBIT MEAT (=PDF=)

D. V. Gonchar, Postgraduate Student

Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology

23, St. Academician Scriabin, Moscow, Russia, 109472

E-mail: san111194@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents materials on the application of Abiopeptide and Abiotonik protein hydrolysates of plant origin in rabbit breeding, and the results of studying organoleptic characteristics and amino acid composition of rabbit meat. The object of study was California breed rabbits, who reached 45 days of age. The experiment was conducted on the basis of industrial rabbit farm of the company LLC «Lidan» located in the Bunkova village, Istra district, Moscow region. The experiment involved 3 groups of rabbits, 10 rabbits in each. The rabbits of the first group were given the feed additive Abiopeptide – 1 mg / kg of live weight every other day, the second group of Abiotonic – 1 mg / kg of live weight every other day, the third group of rabbits was the control. The experiment lasted for 45 days. All rabbits involved in the experiment were kept under the same conditions of feeding and care. Observation of animals was carried out according to standard methods throughout the experiment. Slaughter of rabbits experimental and control groups was carried out at the age of 90 days. A clinical examination before slaughter showed that all rabbits were clinically healthy at the time of the experiment. Through laboratory research, established, that the organoleptic characteristics of the rabbits’ meat experimental and control groups met the requirements of benign meat. In samples of meat selected from experimental groups of rabbits was found more content of essential amino acids than in the control group, which indicates an increase in the biological value of meat. The presence of a full set of amino acids was revealed in meat samples taken from experimental and control groups of rabbits.

Key words: meat, rabbit breeding, protein hydrolysates, amino acids, Abiopeptide, Abiotonic.

pp. 99-106

PERFORMANCE INDICES OF PIGS AT VARIOUS CROSS-BREEDING PATTERNS (=PDF=)

N. P. Kazantseva, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

E-mail: pantera500-50@mail.ru

M. I. Vasileva, Cand. Agr. Sci.

E-mail: marinaroshya@gmail.com

I. N. Sergeeva, Postgraduate Student

E-mail: irinasergeeva1027@gmail.com

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

11, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, Russia, 426069

ABSTRACT

In the present step of swine breeding development, cross-breeding and hybridization are the main methods for obtaining the commercial swine. The article presents the research results on performance indices of swine at various breed combinations. The research was conducted at the «Kigbaevskiy Bekon» swine breeding farm of the Sarapul district of the Udmurt Republic. The best results on reproductive qualities were shown by hybrid sows of Large White*Canadian Landrace combination crossed with boars of Duroc breed: prolificacy was equal to 14.0 heads, macrocarpous litter – 1.61 kg, safety of nest to weaning period – 93.85 %. Hybrid piglets of Large White*Landrace sows of Canadian and Danish selection crossed with Duroc boars possess a high growth rate during suckling and nursery periods: live body weight in weaning period was equal to 6.59 and 6.24 kg, average daily gain in nursery – 641.1 and 636.8 g, respectively. Best fattening and slaughter qualities of hybrid young animals possess the combination of Large White*Yorkshire sows crossed with Landrace boars of Canadian and Danish selection: precocity – 145-146 days, average daily gain – 990.4 g, slaughter yield – 80.9 % and 79.6 %, respectively.

Key words: technology, hybrids, sows, prolificacy, safety of piglets, intensity of growth, fattening qualities.

pp. 106-112

ASSESSMENT OF OLFACTORY ACUITY IN SERVICE DOGS OF THE GERMAN SHEPHERD BREED (=PDF=)

R. V. Malchicov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Lecturer

Perm Institute of the Federal Penal Service

125, Karpinskogo Street, Perm, Russia, 614012

E-mail: malchikov00@bk.ru

ABSTRACT

The article describes the research on determination of olfactory acuity between male and female dogs of the German Shepherd breed. In this research, conditions closed to the natural working environment in the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia of service dogs detected the required smell were carefully created. Dogs were asked to detect the smell of treat through an increasing number of paper filters, which contributed to a more difficult dispersion of molecular particles, therefore, finding the original required smell by dog was slowed down. Safety rules were observed to preserve the animal’s health, timely replacement of filters was made, and the number of filters was recorded. During the study, the initial number of filters was 10 pieces since with a smaller number, the source of treat smell was differentiated very quickly. The number of filters was increased by 10 pieces with each subsequent start-up. All dogs showed a constantly positive result up to 20 filters. According to research results of olfactory acuity, the lowest result of 20 filters was shown by six males (42.8 %) and eight females (57.1 %). Consequently, the dogs were not allowed to the test with more filters. The rest of tested animals detected the required smell through a larger number of paper filters, which helped to determine the dogs with developed, strong scent. Five males (35.7 %) and five females (35.7 %) found the treat through 30 filters. The maximum number of filters was 50 pieces. The best result in the number of filters was shown by three males (21.4 %) and one female (7.1 %). The study took into account temporary indicators of the required smell detection, according to them, males searched faster than females.

Key words: service dog, olfaction, required smell, search.

pp. 113-119

THE CAUSES OF COW DISEASES IN THE FARMS OF PERMSKIY KRAY (=PDF=)

N. B. Nikulina, Dr. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor

V. M. Aksenova, Dr. Boil. Sci., Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: uralskay114@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

We have studied the causes for the spread of cow diseases in two farms of Permskiy Kray. In both farms, the maintenance system was year-round persistent, the conditions of cow detention did not meet zoohygienic standards. An increase in the amount of digested protein in the feed of both farms, a decrease in the proportion of fiber, a disorder of the sugar-protein ratio have been found. The diet of cows of the first group showed an increase in the concentration of dry substance, raw protein, magnesium and a simultaneous decrease in the proportion of raw fat, phosphorus compared to physiological needs. In 30 % of cows of the first group there was a disorder of gastrointestinal tract functioning, in 15 % of animals – symptoms of mastitis and endometritis. In 50 % of animals in the second group, clinical signs of postpartum metritis were recorded. The upper interval of bilirubin, ketone bodies, ALT in blood serum of the first group of houses was higher than the upper limit of reference values. In all cows of this group, the alkaline reserve and concentration of phosphorus in the blood serum exceeded the average values. In blood serum of all cows of the second group glucose, calcium and alkaline reserve content did not reach the lower limit of physiological norm. Consequently, the use of high protein, acid and low fiber feed in the diet has led to the development of alkalosis and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in cows. Increasing the proportion of protein and soluble carbohydrates in the diet and non-compliance with the sugar-protein ratio contributed to acidosis and postpartum metritis in animals.

Key words: acidosis, alkalosis, cows, feeding, cattle housing.

pp. 119-126

REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF ROMANOV SHEEP WHEN GROWN IN UDMURTIA (=PDF=)

M. G. Pushkarev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

11, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia, 426069

Е-mail: zif@izhgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

In the context of the development of sheep breeding, it is relevant to identify reserves and justify the main directions for improving the organization and increasing the efficiency of production of lamb and other sheep products in the Udmurt Republic. In this regard, the development of Romanov sheep husbandry is the highest priority in the region. However, in the Romanov breed, the potential for multiple births of parents and offspring is not always interconnected. Producers with high and low fertility rates often produce the same offspring. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal level of potential of reproductive and productive qualities of Romanov sheep, as well as their indicators determining during selection for reproduction in Udmurtia. The data obtained indicate that for a fuller realization of the potential of the multiplicity of the Romanov breed, it is necessary to carry out multiple insemination during the heat. With double insemination, the fecundity of ewes was 27.5 % higher compared to single, with triple insemination it increased by 17 % compared to double insemination. An indicator of the underdevelopment of lambs from multiple litters can be the value of their live weight at birth. As already noted, to compensate for the lag of lamb from multiple litters in the post-embryonic period, accompanying conditions are necessary. More often this does not happen, lightweight lambs are raised in typical farming conditions, being together with peers. The safety of young animals for weaning, with an increase in multiple pregnancy, is significantly reduced. The result of the work is the identification of a more efficient rearing of ewes, which are tripled when the level of fertility is 248 %, while the profitability is 62 %.

Key words: Romanov breed, sheep multiplicity, development of lambs, reproductive qualities of sheep.

pp. 126-133

INFLUENCE OF ANTIGENIC SIMILARITY INDEX OF PARENT PAIRS ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COW DAUGHTERS (=PDF=)

А. S. Semenov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

S. Yu. Pyankova, Senior Lecturer

O. Yu. Kavardakova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Рetropavlovskaya Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: semenov50-50@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

One of the most effective ways to ensure the growth of dairy production is the use of temporary selection and genetic methods of qualitative improvement. The success of the study of blood groups, polymorphic proteins and blood enzymes, DNA polymorphism, karyotypes in animal populations led to a real assessment of the potential of the animal organism by its internal morpho-physiological features. To determine the effect of immune-genetic similarity of parent pairs of cattle of the Ural type on the productive and reproductive qualities of cow daughters in agro-firm «Pobeda» LLC of the Karagay district of the Permskiy Kray, the certification of animals by blood groups was carried out. The antigenic similarity index was calculated for the parent pairs of the tested animal population. Since it is not the actual set of genes of the organism that is important, but their combination and diversity, it is of interest to analyze the genetic similarity of parents and the influence of similarity of marker genes on the further productivity and reproductive qualities of daughters. The article determines the influence of immune-genetic similarity of parental couples on economically useful traits in daughters. In most of the studied pairs of cattle, the average index of antigenic similarity was in the range of 0-0.19. It was found that animals with a high level of heterozygosity in blood groups are characterized by good reproductive qualities, but lower rates of productivity in the sample. The group of daughters with a high level of antigenic similarity index, on the contrary, has the highest milk productivity, but not the best indicators of reproduction. The average level of the antigenic similarity index (0.2-0.39) allows obtaining animals with an optimal ratio of productive and reproductive qualities.

Key words: cattle, black-and-white breed, economically useful signs, homogeneity, index of antigenic similarity, blood groups, reagents.

pp. 134-140

THE USE OF GLYCERIN TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF ROUGHAGE CONSUMPTION OF PREGNANT ROMANOV BREED SHEEP (=PDF=)

V. V. Khokhlov, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Perm Institute of the Federal Penal Service,

125, Karpinskogo Street, Perm, Russia, 614012

E-mail: khokhlov1985@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

In the period from 2010 to 2015 on the territory of the Permskiy Kray there was a tendency to a stable increase in the number of sheep in all categories of farms in the region. However, in recent years, the region’s sheep population has begun to decline. One of the main reasons for this negative phenomenon is the low level of profitability of sheep breeding in the Permskiy Kray The level of profitability of sheep breeding in the region is significantly influenced by the indicators of body weight of lambs at birth, their growth and safety in the first months of life. When analyzing these indicators in a number of sheep farms in the region, low indicators of the mass of lambs at birth were noted, as a consequence of which in the subsequent low viability of these lambs and their low level of growth and development were observed. In the prenatal period, the main indicator that has a significant impact on the growth and development of lamb is the level of consumption of essential nutrients in the diet of sheep. The analysis of feeding rations of pregnant ewes accepted in the majority of farms of the region established their compliance to physiological needs of animals in the basic nutrients. However, when assessing the level of feed intake of the diet, it was found insufficient consumption of coarse feed, and as a consequence, the lack of basic nutrients coming from the feed. Earlier, when conducting a physiological study of the use of glycerin as an energy supplement to the diets of ewes, there was an increase in the level of animal consumption of roughage. When conducting a more detailed study of the effect of 30 g of glycerin in the diet on the level of animal feed consumption, a significant increase in the consumption of roughage by animals of the experimental group was found on average by 18.18 % in comparison with sheep of the control group.

Key words: pregnant ewes, Romanov breed, glycerol, energy nutrition, roughage.

pp. 140-145

MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN FISH AND NON-FISH OBJECTS OF FISHERY (=PDF=)

E. O. Chugunova, PhD. Biol. Sci., associate professor

E-mail: chugunova.elen@yandex.ru

N. F. Burdina

E-mail: burdina.nadin@mail.ru

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya st., Perm, Russia, 614990

ABSTRACT

The article shows the issue of the quantitative content of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic in fish products. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the content of heavy metals in fish and non-fishing objects are sold in the trading network of Perm. The research material was the annual reports of the Perm Veterinary Diagnostic Center for the period from 2014 to 2018 years. As a result, it was found that 55.26% of all test samples were anadromous fish: kijuch, herring, humpback, keta, trout, sturgeon and salmon; 28.94 % of the samples examined were marine fish, namely mackerel, mintai, tooth, sea dip and squid; 15.78 % of the samples included sweet water fauna, among which carp and bream were examined. The cadmium content of the test samples ranged from 0.00875± 0.0066 mg/kg in anadromous fish, to 0.012±0.0045 mg/kg in sweet water fish and did not exceed the permissible technical regulations. The lowest amount of lead was found in offshore facilities at 0.0225±0.005 mg/kg. In passing and freshwater fish the lead content was at about the same level – 0.0756±0.061 and 0.08±0.055 mg/kg accordingly, and was also within normal limits. The amount of mercury was found in the test samples ranged from 0.0206±0.015 to 0.0515±0.0603 mg/kg. There was more arsenic in the sea products, and there was more lead in the body of anadromous and sweet water fish. The cadmium content was at about the same level in all samples tested and was independent of the fish’s habitat. The amount of mercury in marine samples was about 2 times that of sweet water and anadromous fish. In general, a 5-year retrospective analysis of the laboratory tests results of fish and non-fish products showed that the content of heavy metal in the tested samples did not exceed the standards established by TR TC 021/2011.

Key words: heavy metals, fish and non-fishing objects, pollution.

pp. 146-152

APPLICATION OF FENERJIK PRO AND PIG PROTECTOR PROBIOTICS FOR PREVENTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES IN PIGLETS (=PDF=)

E. O. Shabanova, Postgraduate Student

T. I. Lorengel, Cand. Vet. Sci.

V. I. Pleshakova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor

Omsk State Agrarian University

1, Institutskaya Ploshad, Omsk, Russia, 644008

E-mail: ti.lorengel@omgau.org

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research results of the probiotics «Fenerjik Pro» and «Pig Protector» effect on the digestive tract microflora, hematological, biochemical, immune-biological, and production indicators of piglets of the Large White, Landrace and Duroc breed. In order to conduct an experiment on the application of probiotics, three groups of the first-day piglets were formed. Animals of the control group were on a normal diet for their age, the second group received the probiotic «Fenerjik Pro» in addition to their basic diet, and the third one received the probiotic «Pig Protector». Piglets of all groups had free access to a compound feed «SK-3» from their fifth-day of life. The drugs were given during the first hours after birth, after receiving the first portion of colostrum at a dose of 2 ml per head. It was established that the studied probiotics reactivated microbiocenosis in various biotopes. That was reflected in an increase in the number of bifido-, lactobacteria and enterococcus with a simultaneous decrease in the number of lactopositive strains of E. coli, staphylococcus and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. The analysis of hematological, biochemical and immune-biological indicators showed an increase in hemoglobin, subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and leukocytes among the experimental groups of piglets compared to the control group. Relatively high total protein content was observed among the experimental groups of piglets. A tendency to a decrease in the level of β-globulins with a simultaneous increase in the γ-globulin fraction and an increase in phagocytic activity was identified. Bactericidal and lysozyme activity of piglet blood serum increases with the use of probiotics. An increase in viability, average daily weight gain and average body weight of piglets was observed at weaning in the experimental groups compared to the control group.

Key words: piglets, probiotics, gastrointestinal microflora, hematological, immunological, production indicators.

pp. 152-159

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF DOGS’ DIETS BASED ON CHAPPI, ROYAL CANIN DRY READY-MADE FODDERS AND FEED PREPARED FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS (=PDF=)

S. M. Shlyapnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,

Perm Institute of Federal Penal Service of Russia

125, Karpinskogo Street, Perm, Russia, 614012

Е-mail: shlyapnikovyperm@mail.ru

V. A. Sitnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya Street, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: sitnikov.59@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of dogs’ diets based on dry ready-made fodders and prepared feed which were compared with the purpose to establish a diet that completely meets the requirements of service dogs. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the German Shepherd Dogs kept in open-air cages and identical care conditions. The animals were divided into 3 groups according to the method of groups-analogs. Dogs’ diets consisted of prepared feed (the control group), «Chappi» (the first experimental group), and «Royal Canin» (the second experimental group). For the first time, the influence of these diets on physiological and functional conditions of dogs kept at the canine area was studied in the conditions of Perm Krai. It is established that diet based on feed prepared from natural products and «Royal Canin» fodder mostly provides the requirements of service dogs with a live weight of 30 kg and their optimal condition as well as a high working capacity. During the 90 days of experiment, the dogs of the control and the second experimental group had a positive dynamics of a live weight (an average daily gain of 4.56 g and 4.22 g, respectively), minor changes in speed (-0.076 m/s and -0.066 m/s), and a high average score of hair quality (4.97 and 4.97). At the same time, the animals of the first experimental group had a negative dynamics of a live weight (-11.67 g/day) and speed (-2.830 m/s) as well as a lower average score of hair quality (3.23).

Key words: dog, feeding, dry fodder, nutritional value, diet, physiological and functional condition.