PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

pp. 4-12

EVALUATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY OF PREMIXES IN COMPLETE FEEDS DURING ITS PREPARATION IN MIXERS  (=PDF=)

S. Yu. Bulatov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

E-mail: bulatov_sergey_urevich@mail.ru

E. V. Voronov, Cand. Econ. Sci.,

E-mail: e_voronov@list.ru

A. E. Shamin, Dr. Econ. Sci., Professor

SBEI HE Nizhniy Novgorod State Engineering-Economic University,

22 а, October St., Knyaginino, Russia, 606340

E-mail: ngiei-126@mail.ru

A. G. Sergeev, Cand. Tech. Sci.,

OOO «Doza-Agro»,

20, Zhirkombinata Shosse St., Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, 603124

E-mail: office@dozaagro.ru

ABSTRACT

Full-fledged feeding today is impossible without adding of various biological vitamin and mineral additives to the animals diet, that contribute to better absorption of nutrients and the better use of metabolic energy, improve the quality of milk, productivity of animals and their reproductive ability. The number of premixes in the animals diet is usually small and does not exceed 1…3 % of the total feed mixture weight. To achieve the feed mixture homogeneity corresponding to the feeding rate, when adding small quantities of micro additives, is quite difficult. The aim of the research is to assess the uniformity of the premixes distribution in complete feed for cattle. Studies were carried out on the premixes distribution in complete feed for cattle. The experiments were conducted in three farms of the Nizhny Novgorod region: LLC «Chkalov», Arzamas district, LLC «Agrofirma Zarya», Bogorodsky district, and APK «Dubenskiy», Vadskiy district. Cooking the feed mixture in LLC «Chkalov» were carried out by BvL Vmix10 plus mixer, LLC «Agrofirma Zarya» ‒ self-propelled vertical mixer wagon of the  SILOKING company, in APK « Dubenskiy» ‒ Vmix plus 10 N-1S BvL mixer. Wheat grain was used as a control component. The amount of the key component was equal to the total number of premixes included in the diet and added with all components in one mixer. The experiments revealed that the uniformity of the premixes distribution in complete feed varies from 46 to 88 % depending on the diet, the share of the key component, the design of the mixer. The mixer design, the degree of its working bodies wear affects the feed mixture uniformity most significantly. Due to the exclusion of stagnant zones in the mixers bunkers, the mixture homogeneity can be increased by 5…10 %. According to the results of research recommendations to manufacturers are given.

Key words: feed mixture, homogeneity, complete feed, premixes, mixer.


pp. 13-18

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSVERSE GROOVES DRUM OF CLOVER HULLER-SCARIFIER KC-0.2 ON THE QUALITY OF SCARIFICATION OF SEEDS  (=PDF=)

A. I. Burkov, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor

V. Ju. Mokiev, Cand. Eng. Sci., Assistant Professor

V. A. Lazukin, Cand. Eng. Sci., Assistant Professor

N.V. Rudnitski Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North-East

166a, Lenina St., Kirov, Russia, 610007

ABSTRACT

The article contains results of research of clover huller-scarifier КС-0.2 with an improved design of the drum. The diameter of the drum is 0.3 m, working length – 0.2 m, the angle of the deck – 180˚. The surface of the drum clover huller-scarifier is made of steel hexagonal rods rolled № 12 set on edge. Transverse grooves triangular profile were applied on the drum to improve the efficiency of the machine. The width of the grooves is reduced to the axis of rotation of the drum. The presence of these grooves can improve the quality of scarification due to the formation of sharp edges, namely, reduces the crushing of seeds and does not reduce the scarification rates. The experiments carried out in the laboratory and the processing of their results allowed studying the effect of transverse grooves on the working surface of the drum on the degree of scarification, crushing and increasing the number of sprouted seeds. Scarification seeds were subjected to Galega Orientalis corresponding to requirements of GOST R 52325-2005 for reproduction and seed for seed purposes. Single-factor experiments determined the effect of the depth of the transverse grooves and the speed of the drum on the quality of scarification. When the depth of the grooves h=4 mm seed crushing is reduced by 2…3 times with a decrease in the degree of scarification from 98 to 95 %. The permissible speed of the drum with the same crushing increases. The increase in the degree of scarification of seeds is due to the presence of sharp edges on the faces of the hexagon, and the reduction of crushing – the size of the transverse grooves exceeding the size of the seeds, and their freer placement in the grind gap. Implementation of the full factorial experiment of second order for the two factors revealed that the highest values of the degree of scarification with in the permissible crushing seeds d = 1.5 % and with the maximum degree of increase in the germinated seed Pmax are achieved with the combination of the depth of the grooves h = 2.5…3.5 mm, and the rotational speed n = …840 890 min-1.

Key words: scarification of grass seeds, cloverer-scarifier, scarifying surface of the drum.


pp. 19-29

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ROWS OF FLAT HOES AND DISK SECTIONS IN THE TILLAGE UNIT  (=PDF=)

S. L. Demshin, Dr. Eng. Sci.

D. A. Cheremisinov, Cand. Eng. Sci.

Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East,

166a, Lenina St., Kirov, Russia, 610007

E-mail: sergdemshin@mail.ru

V. V. Ilyichev,

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics

22a, Oktyabrskaya St., Knyaginino, Russia, 606340

E-mail: ilichiev1963@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The development of tillage and sowing equipment in the mounted version, equipped with several types of working bodies, imposes increased requirements on the compactness of the design, which makes it necessary to correctly calculate the distance between the rows of working bodies at the design stage. Analysis of works devoted to the study of the influence of geometrical parameters of the ploughshare of a flat hoe on the distance of the drop coming down with it soil, identified studies in which the trajectory is determined for the incoherent layer of the soil. The mathematical dependence, which allows determining the minimum allowable distance between the rows of flat hoes and disk sections at the given parameters of the flat hoe and the technological process of tillage, is proposed. Analysis of the influence of geometric (the angle of crumbling, the angle of solution, the width of the ploughshare) and technological parameters of the flat hoe operation (the depth of the working bodies and the speed of the unit) on the trajectory of the soil stratum along the ploughshare and after the descent from it made it possible to establish that when designing a multifunctional tillage unit equipped with flat hoes with a solution angle of the paw 100‑110º, a crumbling angle of 20‑22º, a ploughshare width of 0.12‑0.14 m, the optimal value of the distance between the rows of flat hoes and disk sections is 0.50‑0.55 m. These parameters of the flat hoe, when the medium-loamy sod-podzolic soil is processed with low tillage to a depth of 0.18‑0.20 m with an MTA movement speed of at least 2.5‑3.0 m/s allows you to avoid disrupting the tillage technological process loading the soil and blocking the next row of working bodies with soil and plant residues.

Key words: primary non-moldboard tillage, flat hoe, disk sections, soil layer.


AGRONOMY

pp. 30-37

EVALUATION OF TIMOTHY GRASS (PHLEUM PRATENSE) IN THE COLLECTION NURSERY  (=PDF=)

V. A. Voloshin, Dr. Agr. Sci.

Perm Agricultural Research Institute, Perm Branch of the RAS Urals Branch

12, Сultury St., Lobanovo, Russia, 614532

E-mail: pniish@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to the comparative evaluation of four samples of timothy grass, two breeding varieties and two samples sown with seeds collected in natural phytocenoses Inlyinskii District of Permskii Krai. The sample trial was conducted at Lobanovo Agriculture Research Institute. The article presents the results of the formation of herb-sowing samples in the year of planting and experimental data on the growth and development of herbs in contrast weather conditions of the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. All the studied samples when mowing them in the phase of stabbing formed two cuts of the forage mass. On average, for 2 years of use with double-mowing dry mass dominates in the variety Krasnoufimskaya 137 (1,099 kg/m2 of dry mass), in the variety Tavda and the wild herb from the floodplain of the Kemol river 0.993 and 0.939 kg/m2 of dry mass were received, respectively. For further use in breeding, the wild plant from the Kemol floodplain may be of interest. Over 2 years of observation, it formed a longer and with 77% more seeds inflorescence than Krasnoufimskaya 137 variety.

Key words: timothy grass meadow, variety, sample — wild plants, dry mass productivity, inflorescence, inflorescence productivity.


pp. 37-46

THE EFFECT OF FALLOW TYPE AND MAIN TILLAGE METHODS ON FERTILITY INDICATORS OF THE ARABLE LAYER AND GRAIN CROPS YIELD  (=PDF=)

E. V. Kuzina, Сand. Аgr. Sci.

E-mail: elena.kuzina@autorambler.ru,

G. V. Saidasheva, Сand. Аgr. Sci.

E-mail: Galina_83@list.ru

Federal State Scientific Institution «Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture»,

19, Institutskaya St., Timiryazevskiy, Ulyanovsky region, Russia, 433315

ABSTRACT

The experiments were conducted in 2014-2017 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical of most farms in the Ulyanovsk Region. The results of studies of fallow type, fertilizers and basic tillage influence on the basic elements of the leached chernozem fertility are described. The crop rotation links with pure and green-manured fallow efficiency was determined, an economic assessment of its use efficiency was given. The possibility of replacing pure fallow with green-manured (vetch-oat mixture) to improve the fertility and productivity of soil was established. Plowing of green-manured green mass contributed to the food regime improvement of the soil, humus accumulation, in combination with mineral fertilizers in the dose of N15P15K15 increased the output of grain per unit of crop rotation area 0.39-0.54 t/ha. The largest nitrate nitrogen increase in the year and the first year of fertilizers aftereffect green manure in relation to pure fallow was established at the variant with minimal processing soil (9-23 % and 5-46 %, respectively). Similar situation was observed in the mobile phosphorus and potassium accumulation, minimum tillage increased its contents for 11-20 % and 14-23 % comparing to appropriate tillage in a clean fallow. Economic and energy evaluation of the vetch-oat mixture use on green fertilizer showed that green-manured fallow provided economic benefits by comparison with a clean fallow. Mineral fertilizers increased the main products cost in the link of crop rotation with clean fallow by an average of 8 %, in the link with green-manured fallow – by 13 % compared to the options without fertilizer. In crop rotation links with both clean and green-manured fallow, the highest economic and energy efficiency of grain cultivation was observed in the variant without the main autumn tillage.

Key words: crop rotation link, fallows, green manure, fertilizers, tillage, productivity, soil fertility efficiency.


pp. 46-53

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE SAND SAINFOIN (ONOBRÝCHIS ARENÁRIA) ABOVEGROUND MASS YIELD AT VARIOUS DOSES OF LIME IN THE PERM REGION  (=PDF=)

N. N. Matolinets,

Perm Agricultural Research Institute – branch of Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch

of the Russian Academy of Sciences

12, Kultury St., Lobanovo, Russia, 614532

E-mail: pniish@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of the comparative evaluation of yield and quality of sainfoin sandy (Onobrýchis arenária (Kit.)) aboveground mass in the Perm region at different doses of lime. Data on seedling density, field germination, passage of the main phenophases, overwintering, yield of green and dry mass are given. A plant variety — SIBNIIK 30, the seeding rate of 4 million viable seeds per hectare, the sowing method is ordinary, coverless were used in the experiment. The scheme of lime application is calculated by hydrolytic acidity (Hg) – from zero to double dose, with a half step between the options. The experiment was conducted in two tabs (2015-2016 sowing years). On average, over two years in the study of lime doses revealed that its addition had a positive effect on the sand sainfoin in the first year of life. In variants with different doses density and field germination were 5.5–7.0 % higher compared to the control variant, where lime was not used, and the difference was not significant. Regardless of the weather conditions during these years and the period of sowing «sowing — shoots» was almost the same. It was established that the highest yield for two mowing of sand sainfoin reached in the variant with a dose of lime on the one and a half and double hydrolytic acidity: green – 27.9 and 29.2 t/ha, with NCR 05 – 3.0, dry weight 5.56 and 5.92, with NCR05 – 3.0, respectively. Thus, on the sod-podzolic soils of the Perm region for the sand sainfoin it is necessary to lime the soil, as well as for other perennial legumes.

Key words: sand sainfoin, lime, field germination, germination density, yield, biochemical composition.


pp. 53-61

DIGITAL MONITORING OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS INDICATORS BASED ON SPACE AND UNMANNED TECHNOLOGIES  (=PDF=)

O. A. Olenin, Cand. Agr. Sci.,

E-mail: agrotonik63@mail.ru;

S. N. Zudilin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor ,

E-mail: zudilin_sn@mail.ru;

Y. V. Osorgin, PG student,

E-mail: osrgin-jura@mail.ru;

Samara State Agrarian University,

2, Uchebnaya St., Ust-Kinelskiy, Samara oblast, Russia, 446442

ABSTRACT

The aim of the research is to develop a digital monitoring methodology for agro-ecosystem indicators based on space and unmanned technologies with the conversion of digital aerial photography results into real parameters of agrophytocenosis indicators as physical units. The paper uses the results of research on digital monitoring of agrophytocenosis of single- and poly-species crops of spiked cereals and pulses on the experimental field the Samara State Agrarian University in 2018 (southern forest-steppe of Trans-Volga region). We performed the digital monitoring using the method of obtaining high-resolution images at different crop vegetation stages with the help of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) using vegetation indices, including the biomass index (NDVI). Indicators of agrophytocenosis in the form of field statistics were determined according to generally accepted methods based on national standard (GOST). The results of aerial photography were calibrated by the collected data of the field statistics of the relevant parts of experimental fields. A research carried out in 2018 revealed that the stated main goal is solvable in principle, and requires the accumulation of a database during the next 2 or 3 years of research to further improve the methodology, and then writing a digital platform. According to the results of 2018, the greatest correlation between the NDVI and grain yield for winter wheat was detected at the milky stage in single-species crop, up to r = 0.36, in poly-species crop it was detected up to r = 0.82, for barley it was up to r = 0.97. Based on the results of 2018, we identified the main optimal phenophases of cereal crops (winter and spring wheat, barley) for digital monitoring of indicators of single-species and poly-species agrophytocenosis: tillering, bloom, milky stage.

Key words: AIC digital transformation, unmanned aircraft systems, digital monitoring, vegetation indices.


pp. 62-69

PERSPECTIVE VARIETIES AND SAMPLES OF WINTER RYE FOR CROPS IN THE MIDDLE URALS  (=PDF=)

G. N. Potapova, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Ural Agricultural Research Institute – Branch of the Ural Federal

Agricultural Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS,

21, Glavnaya St., Istok, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 610062

E-mail: GNP60@bk.ru

ABSTRACT

Winter rye is better than winter triticale and winter wheat adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of the Middle Urals and is used to obtain food and feed. To create new high-yielding varieties of winter rye, it is necessary to assess and select promising samples that ensure the formation of grain yield above 5 t/ha.  As a result of the study of promising samples of winter rye in 2014-2017 at the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture, samples of winter rye were isolated, which significantly exceeded the standard varieties Alica and Parom for certain valuable indicators or for a complex of characters. For an average of three years, high winter hardiness, 80-90 %, was set for samples Kama 3 x Parom, Talovskaya 44 x Gran, Snezhana 3 x Alica, and therefore, the stalk density was higher than the standard, and the grain yield was 22- 53 % above the standard and reached 594-795 g/m2. Samples Kama 3 x Parom and Snezhana 3 x Alica exceeded the standard of adaptability and had the stalk density, in the ear they had more grains, but the productivity of the ear was lower than the standard. Samples Talovskaya 44 x Gran and Slavia x Talovskaya 41 had a high mass of 1000 grains (37-39 g), they exceeded the standard for spike productivity by 28-33 %. The best samples of winter rye, isolated during field assessment and propagated in isolated areas, show high adaptability in competitive testing and yield at a level of 5.3-5.5 t/ha, which is higher than the standard by 0.4-0.6 t/ha. Sample CP-3/13 exceeded the standard for yield by 12 %, by weight of 1000 grains by 5.2 % and spike productivity by 5.8 %. In order to preserve high adaptability and productive capacity in primary seed production in isolated areas, plants and families with high stalk density, evened in height, short straw and large ears are selected.

Key words: winter rye, variety, adaptability, yield, stem density, ear structure elements.


pp. 69-74

GRASS COVER QUALITY DEPENDING ON THE TIMING OF SOWING FOR LANDSCAPING IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE  (=PDF=)

М. V. Seregin, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: mi2403@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The use of lawns for landscaping is an important detail in the arrangement of a comfortable urban environment. However, the use of agricultural techniques in landscaping, and in particular when creating lawn coverings does not always meet the expectations. Most often, the quality of lawn coverings suffers from the timing of their creation.  The studies to identify the optimal time of lawn grasses sowing, providing the high-quality lawn cover formation for landscaping were conducted in the Middle Urals in the period from 2009-2012. The one-way experiment was conducted on the roadside adjacent to the city road under construction, Startseva Street – Chkalova Street in the Perm city. For sowing the lawn grass red oatmeal variety Maxim 1 was used. The experiment was repeated by six times. As a result, it was determined that in the first year when analyzing the shoots density using spring and summer sowing period, a full-fledged lawn grass was obtained with the highest shoots density (21.4-24.8 thousand pcs/m2 and 16.5 thousand pcs/m2), in the autumn sowing period, the lowest density of lawn grass was obtained (2.3-3.0 thousand PCs./m2). The use of spring sowing dates allows obtaining a lawn of excellent quality in the year of creating a lawn covering, which corresponds to 6 points with a projective cover of 80-94 %. Spring sowing dates and in subsequent years were more stable in the quality of lawn grass. The projective lawn cover of on average for 2009-2012 amounted to 67%, which corresponds to 5 points and the nature of the shoots addition from mosaic-group to close-mosaic.

Key words: lawn, sowing date, decorative lawn, shoots density, the lawn quality.


pp. 74-79

THE SOWING QUALITIES OF SEEDS, GROWTH AND SEEDLINGS DEVELOPMENT OF CAULIFLOWER DEPENDING ON GROWTH REGULATORS  (=PDF=)

T. V. Soromotina, Сand. Agr. Sci., Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: kafpererabotka@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of the use of plant growth regulators for soaking cauliflower seeds. The aim of the research is to identify the influence of growth regulators on sowing qualities, field germination of seeds and growth rates of cauliflower seedlings. Scientific work was conducted in the 2017-2018 at the experimental and training center Lipogorie of the Perm SATU in the spring plastic greenhouses. The following growth regulators were studied: Albite (PL), Rostock(BP), Gumat+7(SP),Energy M (SP), Creatin(R), NV-101(In R). Control options – dry seeds and seeds soaked in water. It was established that higher stimulating effect was obtained with soaking seeds before sowing for 12 hours in solutions of growth regulators Energia M, Krezatsin. Germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds in these variants increased by 11-13 and 14-16 % compared to the control. Plants in the seedling period had higher rates of habitus – plant height 26.8-28.2 cm, they formed 7.0-7.6 pieces of leaves, the area of the assimilation surface comprised from 220.3 to 268.8 cm2. Growth regulators had an impact on the growth of the root system – in the optimal variants it was more powerful, its mass was 38.4-43.8 g, total length – 18.6-22.8 cm. In the control version – weight 1.21 g, length 10.4 cm, respectively. These indicators have influenced the further growth and development of cauliflower plants in the open field.

Key words: cauliflower, plant growth regulators, energy of germination, laboratory germination, growth of seedlings.


pp. 79-86

INFLUENCE OF PIG MANURE ON AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS  (=PDF=)

V. I. Titova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,

L. D. Varlamova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,

R. N. Rybin, PhD student, T. V. Andronova, PhD student

State Agricultural Academy of Nizhniy Novgorod

97, prospect Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603107

E-mail: titovavi@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

A selective agro-ecological survey of light-gray forest soils in Nizhny Novgorod region was carried out, where during the period from fall of 2016 to August of 2018 manure from a large pig-breeding farm was applied in liquid form (60 or 90 t/ha), the dose of solid pig manure (SPM) was 30 t/ha. The dry matter content in SPM was 49.8 %, in liquid pig manure (LPM) – 9.5 %. Rotation of crops in succession cropping: resting fields, winter wheat, spring wheat, and corn for greenery. The survey area was 540 hectares, the total number of combined soil samples was 41. Content of gross and mobile compounds of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn, cellulolytic activity, soil respiration, and phytotoxicity were determined in the soil. The analysis results were mathematically processed using the method of variation statistics. It was determined that the gross content of cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and zinc in the soil did not exceed the standard threshold values, and the content of their mobile forms was within the maximal threshold limits. However, in SPM fertilized soils, a higher content of heavy metals was noted in comparison to the LPM-fertilized soils, and the share of heavy metals in sandy loam soils was higher than in loamy soils (comparing corresponding standard threshold values). There was a more active production of carbon dioxide in the surface layer of air upon introduction of the solid fraction of pig manure than upon fertilization with the liquid pig manure. Upon fertilization with LPM, soil phytotoxicity was detected (23-24 % exceeding the reference level), which manifested at the stage of wheat seedlings. Later on by the beginning of the fully sprouted wheat, the phytotoxicity values leveled out, and an increase in the length of wheat sprouts was noted.

Keywords: light gray forest soil, liquid and solid pig manure, heavy metals, phytotoxicity, cellulolytic activity, soil respiration.


pp. 86-95

YIELD, BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRIENTS DEPLETION OF AKKORD VARIETY RAPESEEDS WHEN APPLYING MACRONUTRIENT AND MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZERS IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)

I. Sh. Fatykhov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

E. F. Vafina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

E. I. Khakimov, Postgraduate student

FSBEI HE Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

16, Kirova St., Izhevsk, Russia, 426069

E-mail: nir210@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The yield and biochemical composition of Akkord variety rapeseeds on the sod-podzol soil and depletion of nutrients depending on application of estimated doses of macronutrient fertilizers and pre-sowing seed processing with micronutrient fertilizers are determined. The study pattern included three degrees of macronutrient fertilization – for the planned seed yield of 1.0 tons per hectare, 1.5 tons per hectare, and 2.0 tons per hectare, with pre-sowing seed processing with micronutrient fertilizers (MnSO4+ZnSO4). When applying macronutrient fertilizers for the yield level of 1.5 tons per hectare, the seed yield of 23.8 centner per hectare was formed, which was significantly, 2.1 centner per hectare, higher than the yield in the option with the degree of fertilization of 1.0 tons per hectare, and was at the same level as the yield in the option with fertilizer application for 2.0 tons per hectare. Pre-sowing seed processing with micronutrient fertilizers had a positive effect on the rapeseed yield in all options with macronutrient fertilizers, which provided to a yield increment of 1.8 centner per hectare. An effect of the applied fertilizers contributed to an increase in plant stand density by 8 to 9 pc./m2 and the seed weight per plant by 0.09 to 0.13 g. Rapeseeds that were grown with the micronutrient fertilizers, have the amount of essential amino acids increased by 1.20 %; the content of P increased by 500 μg/g, Са by 322 μg/g, К by 277 μg/g, Mg by 226 μg/g, S by 147 μg/g, Fe by 8.3 μg/g, Si by 7.8 μg/g, Al by 3.15 μg/g, Br by 2.3 μg/g, Mn by 1.6 μg/g, Ba by 0.4 μg/g, and Cu by 0.09 μg/g. As the seed yield increased, the economic depletion of nitrogen increased from 109.1 to 135.5 kg/ha, phosphorus – from 47.0 to 63.1 kg/ha, and potassium – from 79.5 to 95.5 kg/ha. In order to generate 1 tonne of seeds and the corresponding amount of straw, rapeseed depleted 53.1 kg of N, 23.8 kg of Р2О5, and 38.6 kg of К2О on average.

Key words: spring rapeseed, Akkord variety, macronutrient fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizer, amino acid, elemental composition, economic depletion.


pp. 95-102

INFLUENCE OF LONGTERM FERTILIZATION SYSTEM ON THE AGROCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN THE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)

V. R. Yamaltdinova, Cand. Agr. Sci.

N. E. Zavialova, Dr. Agr. Sci.

Perm Agricultural Research Institute – Branch of Perm Federal Research Center

of Russian Academy of Science

12, Сultury St., Lobanovo, Permskii Krai, Russia, 614532

E-mail: pniish@ rambler.ru

М. G. Subbotina, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: subbotina@mail.ru

ABSRACT

The paper presents the research of the influence of different fertilization systems (organic, inorganic, organic-mineral) on agrochemical and biochemical properties of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil. The research was conducted in the Permskii Krai in the conditions of long stationary field experiment with fallow- grain-crop rotation. The results of our investigation show that systems with high intensive fertilization (manure 20 tonnes/ha per year+ NPK in equivalents of manure) increase the content of humus from 1.97 to (2.23-2.50) % and available forms of phosphorus by 120-145 mg/kg and potassium by 105-163 mg/kg. Organic type of fertilization was better for biochemical properties of the soil. The soil of the variant with manure saturation of 20 t / ha per year was characterized by the highest activity of all studied enzymes: an increase of catalase by 22 %, dehydrogenase by 6 times, invertase by 2 times, urease by 2.2 times to the non-fertilized variant. The lowest enzymatic activity was observed in the variant with the application of mineral fertilizers in high doses. Close correlation dependences were established between urease activity and the reaction of the medium and with the content of soil mineral nitrogen (r = 0.92 and 0.89, respectively). The application of mineral fertilizers led to a decrease in catalase activity by 53-69 %. Improving the humus state of the soil led to an increase in the activity of dehydrogenase (r = 0.84). The average relationship between the content of dehydrogenase in the soil and nitrogen forms is noted: mineral and hydrolysable (r = 0.61 and r = 0.68, respectively).

Key words: fertilizers, sod- podzolic heavy loamy soil, agrochemical properties, fallow-grain-crop rotation, enzyme activity.


VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 103-108

PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES EFFECT ON THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF QUAIL MEAT (=PDF=)

F. I. Vasilevich, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

V. M. Bachinskaya, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor,

A. A. Deltsov, Dr. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor

FSBEI HE «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Scryabin»,

23, Academician Skryabin St., Moscow, Russia, 109472

E-mail: bachinskaya1980@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents a material of production test of the Abiotonic and Abiopeptide feed additive on Texas breed quails and its effect on the amino acid composition of meat. The research was conducted in the conditions of Parasitology and Veterinary Sanitary Expertise Department of FSBEI HE «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology — MVA named after K.I. Scryabin» and in Chemical-Toxicological and Mycological Researches Department of SBI of the Krasnodar Krai  «Kropotkinsk Regional Veterinary Laboratory». These additives were fed to quails at the rate of 1 ml/kg of poultry live weight. The use of Abiotonic contributed to an increase of the quail live weight by 10.3 %, and Abiopeptide by 6.9 % comparing to the quails control group. According to the results of organoleptic and physicochemical researches, there was no additives negative effect on these indicators, the quail carcasses were properly exsanguinated, a drying crust formed in time, muscle tissue was bright red, elastic, the adipose tissue was pale yellow, the broth during cooking was fragrant, without flakes peculiar to fresh poultry meat. The reaction to peroxidase is positive, the pH of the meat is normal and did not exceed 6.0; the reaction with the Nessler reagent is negative. Poultry meat contains from 18.2-21.2 % protein, as well as extractive substances that give meat a pleasant smell and taste, poultry meat is easily absorbed by the human body, since it contains less connective tissue. Poultry is an affordable source of amino acids that are well balanced with the body’s need. The use of the abiotonic feed additive contributed to an increase in essential amino acids by 4.75 % such as Arginine by 4.6 %, Leucine + Isoleucine by 7.7 %, Lysine by 8.9 %, Threonine by 6.7 %, non-essential amino acids by 10 % such as Alanine by 12.7 %, Glycine 8.4 %, Serine by 7.8 %. When using the Abiopeptide additive, an increase in essential amino acids was noted by 14.77 %, and in essential ones by 17.38 % such as Arginine by 22.6 %, Valine by 16.5 %, Histidine by 11.3 %, Leucine + Isoleucine by 13.8 %, Phenylalanine 13.6 %, Threonine 11.9 %, Alanine 16.9 %, Glycine 20.6 %, Serine 13.9 % comparing to the quails control group.

Key words. Quail breeding, feeding, amino acids, protein hydrolysates.


pp. 108-116

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKENS BLOOD WHEN INCLUDING THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME SIBENZA DP 100 IN THE DIET (=PDF=)

O. V. Molokanova, Graduate student

E.V. Shatskikh, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor

Ural State Agrarian University

42, Karl Liebknecht St., Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620075

E-mail: oksana.molokanowa@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Exogenous proteases have a very specific activity: they complement the endogenous enzymes that are naturally present in the birds gastrointestinal tract. Protease increases the protein digestibility by hydrolysis of structural proteins in the diet, due to this it can reduce the broiler chickens need for protein. The experimental part of scientific and economic experience was carried out under the industrial conditions at the enterprise of the Cherkizovo group of companies, in the Liski city, Voronezh Region, at LISKoBroiler LLC. The study was conducted on broiler chickens cross-Ross-308. According to the scheme of scientific and economic experience, 5 groups of broiler chickens were formed: one control group and 4 experimental groups, 40 chicken each. The experimental groups were formed from daily broiler chickens according to the principle of analogous pairs. The outdoor content technology was used. The diet of feeding chickens was consistent with the cross recommendations. Our studies established that the Sibenza DP 100 protease introduction in addition to the main broiler chickens diet, without reducing the nutritional value of raw protein and digestible amino acids, has a positive effect on the protein spectrum of the blood, contributing to an increase in the total protein level and its fractions. When the Sibenza DP 100 enzyme was introduced into the broiler chickens diet, at a dosage of 500 g/t of feed, and when the nutritional value was reduced by 2.5 % in terms of crude protein and digestible amino acids, the blood serum values of broiler chickens were within acceptable limits physiological norms. No statistically significant differences in the content of biochemical parameters in the blood serum of broiler chickens of the experimental groups were found in comparison with the control group, which confirms the safety of the use of the proteolytic enzyme Sibenza DP 100 in the broiler chickens diets.

Key words: enzymes, blood biochemical parameters, protease, broiler chickens.


pp. 117-125

METABOLIC STATUS OF DAIRY COWS IN THE FARMS OF THE PERMSKII KRAI (=PDF=)

N. B. Nikulina, Dr. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor

V. M. Aksenova, Dr. Biol. Sci., Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: uralskay114@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the level of metabolic processes in dairy cows under different conditions of maintenance and feeding. All cows had a silage-concentrate type of feeding. The diet of the animals of the first experimental group was balanced by the main nutrients, but the presence of mold fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium, Mucor, Cladosporium was registered in silage, hay and oats. Aflatoxin was isolated from oats, and toxin from silage, haylage and hay – T-2. Analysis of the forage base in animals of the second group showed an imbalance of nutrients in the diet. The first farm used a loose system of keeping cows, and the second – a year-round stall system. Ten percent of the animals of the first group recorded the apathy, atony of the rumen, the reduction of productivity. In 30 % of cows of the second group there was a violation of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract: an unpleasant putrid smell from the oral cavity, frequent defecation, liquid feces. The development of inflammatory reaction was observed in all examined animals. In the blood serum of animals of the first group there was a significant decrease in glucose level, in cows of the second group – an increase in the concentration of bilirubin, ketone bodies, inorganic phosphorus, reserve alkalinity and an increase in ALT activity in comparison with the reference values. Consequently, unbalanced feeding and lack of exercise contributed to a greater disruption of metabolic processes in cows than the use of feed in the diet, contaminated with mold fungi and their toxins.

Key words: metabolic and clinical status, cows, feeding, content, exercise.


pp. 125-132

EVALUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID MEAT RABBITS FROM WEANING TO IMPLEMENTATION (=PDF=)

V. I. Polkovnikova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,

E-mail: tppzh@pgsha.ru;

A. S. Semenov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,

E-mail: semenov50-50@mail.ru,

FSBEI HE Perm SATU,

111, st. Hassan Heroes, Perm, Russia, 614025

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to determining the level of productivity of purebred young rabbits of the breeds: white giant (BV), California (Kf), New Zealand white (NB) and their hybrids in the period from weaning to realization with the aim of establishing paternal and maternal forms for obtaining a meat hybrid rabbit in Nechaev Peasant Farm M.I. Permskii district. In the course of the research, the following indicators were taken into account: the safety of rabbits from 45 to 85 days, changes in body weight, daily average and absolute gains. During the period of growing of rabbits, from weaning to slaughter, indicators of the safety of animals in all groups were consistently above 85 %. In the process of growing three hybrid animals showed the highest rates of body weight. In the period from weaning to 60 days, almost all groups of experimental animals showed uniform average daily gains, about 25 g per day. In the period from 60 to 85 days, three pedigree hybrid rabbits of 10 (KF / BV NB), 8 (NB / BV KF) and 7 (NB / KF BV) of the experimental groups, 42.9 g, 42, had the highest average daily gains 4 g, 41.0 g, respectively. The three absolute rabbits of 12 (BV / NB KF) – 1767.8 g, 7 (NB / KF. BV) – 1566.6 g and 9 (Cf / NB BV) – 1562.7 g of experimental groups also differed in the largest absolute gain. During the growing period from 45 to 85 days, three pedigree rabbits showed the highest and stable daily average and absolute gains, significantly outperforming their peers from the control groups. White giant rabbits (BV), California (Kf), New Zealand White (NB) can be successfully used as maternal and paternal breeds.

Keyword: rabbit, breed, hybrid, average daily gain in live weight, absolute growth, safety of young animals.


pp. 132-139

DIGESTIBILITY OF NUTRIENTS AND THE USE OF NITROGEN IN THE BODY OF DAIRY COWS, CONSUMING HERBAL FLOUR FROM LEUZEA SAFFLOWER (=PDF=)

I. V. Sergeyev,

Perm Research Institute of Agriculture –

Branch of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;

12, Kultury St., s. Lobanovo, Permskii Krai, Russia, 614532

L. V. Sycheva, Dr., Agr. Sci., Professor,

Perm state Agrarian and Technological University,

st. Petropavlovskaya, 23, Perm, Russia, 614990

E-mail: likruser@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article discusses the results of studies of the nutrients digestibility and the use of nitrogen in the diet of dairy cows of black-motley holsteinized breed with the addition of safflower-like grass flour in the amount of 400 g and 1000 g per day to the main diet. Animals with a high input rate of herbal flour feed supplement consumed dry matter and ECE by 7.2 %, and crude and digestible protein – by 6.6 and 4.2 %. The digestibility of nutrients in their diet was higher than analogues of the control group by 3.51 % dry and 4.06 % organic matter, crude protein by 4.3, raw fat by 2.62, crude fiber – by 3.03 and BEV – by 2.06 %, while the rate of input of grass meal in the amount of 0.40 kg per head per day allowed obtaining a difference of 1.92 %, respectively; 0.11; 0.58; 0.89; 2.64 and 1.68 %. The best use of feed nitrogenous substances was observed in the group of animals with a high rate of input of Leuzea safflower into the diet. With its 6.0 % greater intake in the diet, daily losses with feces were higher by a similar amount, and with urine it was lower by 11.7 %. With milk of cows of this group, it was allocated more by 19.8 % and deposition in the body exceeded the analogues of the control group by 15.1 g per day. When the rate of input of the feed additive of grass meal 0.40 kg per head per day of differences with the control group in the consumption of nitrogenous substances and their loss with feces and milk did not have significant differences, but decreased with urine by 7.1 %. Its daily average deposition in the body was 7.0 g higher than the control group and amounted to 25.1 g.

Keywords: cows, dry period, vegetable feed additive, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen metabolism.


pp. 139-145

QUALITY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF SALMON CAVIAR (=PDF=)

E. O. Chugunova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614000

E-mail: chugunova.elen@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the quality and microbiological safety investigation of canned and cask granular salted caviar of salmon fish. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the quality and safety of red caviar sold in the retail network of the Perm city. The study was carried out in the Perm State Agro-Technological University. Three samples of red caviar in metal consumer containers and one sample purchased by weight were used as research material. The research methods were: visual, organoleptic, microbiological and spectrophotometric methods. The tests evaluated the integrity of consumer packaging, the availability and correctness of labeling. Organoleptic analysis of the samples was carried out, microbiological safety was studied and the amount of preservatives in the product was determined. As a result of the selected samples examination, there was established that only one sample can be released for sale. The deformation of one of the samples packaging was noted when assessing the appearance of consumer packaging. The labeling of every sample taken for testing was in accordance with the standard requirements and contained full necessary data. According to organoleptic parameters, two samples were rejected. In particular, the presence of burst caviar, excess liquid, uncharacteristic caviar smell and bitter taste were noted. Three samples of red caviar were unsafe in microbiological terms: there was an abundant growth of mold fungi, the sulfite-reducing clostridium and the intestinal stick group bacteria were found. One sample contained the maximum allowable amount of mesophilic aerobic and mesophilic anaerobic microorganisms. The amount of preservatives – sorbic and benzoic acids – in every test samples was within the norm limits. Thus, according to the results of the tests, one sample out of four can be released for free sale.

Key words: salmon caviar, organoleptic analysis, microbiological safety, preservatives.