PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

pp. 4-9

DEPENDENCE OF EXPENDITURES FOR SPARE PARTS OF TRACTORS MADE AT THE MINSK TRACTOR WORKS (THE MTW) ON OPERATING LIFETIME (=PDF=)

V. V. Ivanov, Сand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor; A. V. Sedov, Post-Graduate Student;

A. P. Nikolaev, Post-Graduate Student; D. A. Mironov, Post-Graduate Student,

Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy,

97, Gagarina Prospekt, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603107, Russia

E-mail: vospitngsha2014@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

Currently, there is an increase in the number of failures in farms due to the increase in operating time per unit of equipment and the increase in expenditures for repair and spare parts, respectively. The article describes the most specific mechanical and component failures according to operating time, conditions, period and rate of exploitation in order to determine the dependence of expenditures for spare parts of the MTW tractors on operating lifetime. The main tractor systems were considered for the analysis: supply system, hydraulic system, refrigerating system, clutch, and transmission. The failure detection of the main components and units in the systems was carried out during the exploitation period of 2000 engine hours and presented as a percentage ratio. The research was conducted according to reporting data of farms in the Nizhegorodskaya Oblast. It is determined that an annual average operating time is one of the most significant indicators that characterize the rate of tractors’ exploitation. A graph of an annual average operating time per months was constructed to identify the most intensive periods of exploitation and to determine the expenditures for spare parts. The expenditures for spare parts included the cost of new spare parts as well as the cost of repair and restoration work. The dependence of expenditures for spare parts in rubles per engine hour on the years of exploitation is determined. The regularity is described as a degree 2 polynomial function. The index of determination of obtained dependence is close to 1 (0.981). It confirms that the regularity in specified value range of exploitation period was correct. The dependence can be used for practical planning in calculation of expenditures for spare parts in agricultural organizations. The obtained results allow us to develop guidelines for improving the efficiency of operation and use of machinery and tractors in agricultural organizations.

Key words: exploitation, spare parts, failure distribution, average operating time, the MTW tractors.

pp. 9-16

THE INFLUENCE OF ACTUATING FLUID TEMPERATURE ON THE VOLUME EFFICIENCY OF AXIAL-PISTON HYDRAULIC PUMP (=PDF=)

S. V. Pianzov, Post-Graduate Student

A. V. Stolyarov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

P. A. Ionov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

A. M Zemskov, Cand. Tech. Sci.

Ogarev Mordovia State National Research University,

5, Rossiyskaya St., Saransk, 430904, Russia

E-mail: serega.pyanzov@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

At the present time, the influence of temperature on operational condition of hydraulic units (hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors) is insufficiently studied. Analysis of scientific and technical literature showed that the temperature directly affects the energy conversion efficiency ƞ^н_об of hydraulic pumps. At a high temperature, the flow rate Q decreases and the leakage q^н_ут,l/min into drain cavity increases due to viscosity reduction in actuating fluid. Volume efficiency drop that depends on theoretical supply of hydraulic pump Q^н_т, l/min and the total volume of internal leakage of fluid ∑q^н_ут, l/min is taken as a criterion of limiting state of hydraulic pump. According to the Poiseuille’s law, dynamic viscosity of actuating fluid µ, Pa∙s that directly depends on temperature affects leakage. When throttling the actuating fluid, temperature increases sharply that leads to a decrease in viscosity and an increase in leakage. Set of experimental research was carried out at the Department of Technical Machinery Service of the Ogarev Mordovia State National Research University to determine the influence of actuating fluid temperature in hydraulic systems on volume efficiency of hydraulic units. Four experiments were conducted on hydraulic pumps (model 310.3.56) with different technical conditions. The tests were carried out on hydraulic bench IGS-01 being an upgrade version of hydraulic bench KI-4815M that is widely spread on technical service enterprises and service centers. As a result of research, the influence of actuating fluid temperature on the volume efficiency drop of hydraulic pump and heating-up time for actuating fluid depending on joint gaps and state of hydraulic unit was determined. It is established that heating-up time for actuating fluid in hydraulic units that were taken out of service as a result of throttling the actuating fluid through increased joint gaps is much higher than in new ones. This leads to decrease in time spent for the tests. It is shown that thermal control system of test-bench equipment should be upgraded in technical service enterprises and service centers of agricultural machinery.

Key words: hydraulic pump, test bench, temperature, experiment, volume efficiency, actuating fluid, thermal control.  

pp. 16-21

ASSESSMENT OF OPERATING CONDITIONS OF HOLE – CAMSHAFT INTERFERENCE IN THE ENGINE D-260 (=PDF=)

N. V. Rakov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

A. V. Smolyanov,Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

Ogarev Mordovia State University

5, Rossiyskaya St., Saransk, 430904, Russia

E-mail: ffenix2004@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

The research was carried out at the production site of the laboratory «Technologies and means for coatings with specified functional properties» of the Mechanics and Power Engineering Institute of the Mordovia State University. One of the frequent problems of modern mechanic engineering is wear of engine parts in sliding friction pairs. During the operating process, the parts of friction pairs are heated and expanded; the gaps between them are reduced and filled with wear debris that causes seizure. The reasons for these malfunctions are cracks, deformations, linear wear on the inner and outer surfaces, and loss of sleeves’ fit (tension) in the body parts, ellipticity, and taper formation. All of the above-mentioned defects exist in the hole-camshaft interference of the engine cylinder block. The occurrence probability of these defects on the engine blocks D-260 is about 30%. The article deals with the main conditions for loss of function in the hole-camshaft interference of cylinder block of the diesel engine D-260. The engine blocks with defects such as a torque of camshaft sleeve in the block, wears and tears on the inner surface of sleeve and camshaft journal holes in the block were selected as an object of research. It is established during the research that the highest rate of hole wear in camshaft bearing and sleeves of cylinder block of the engine D-260 is equal to 0.71 mm with an average value of 0.28 mm. The results of statistical processing of the engine D-260 operating time for limit state of camshaft journal holes at a coefficient of variation equal to 0.305 is obtained: minimum time – 3100 engine hours, maximum time – 9800 engine hours, average time – 6108 hours. Verification of data was carried out according to the Shapiro-Wilk criterion.

Key words: cylinder block, camshaft, operating time, wear, lubrication system, sleeve, bearing.

pp. 21-28

CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE IN THE ORYOL OBLAST (=PDF=)

S. A. Rodimtsev, Dr. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

Oryol State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin

69, Generala Rodina St., Oryol, 302019, Russia

E-mail: rodimcew@yandex.ru

S. N. Gryanko, S. Y. Tyrenko

«TECHNODOM»

6 «K» liter А1 А3 Shkolnaya St., d. Stanovoye, Oryol District, Oryol Oblast, 302527, Russia

E-mail: s.tyrenko@technodom.com

ABSTRACT

Relevance of sprinkler irrigation systems in agricultural production is substantiated due to global and regional climate change. The analysis of information was carried out on the sprinkler irrigation systems available in farms of the Oryol Oblast. It is established that since 2011, 33 irrigation installations of hose-reel and circular type have been operated in the region. The total area of irrigated land cultivated in 6 agricultural organizations of the region occupies more than 2,200 hectares. The sprinkler irrigation pool is represented by the equipment of the development companies such as Valley and T-L Irrigation (USA), RKD (Spain), RM, Pioggia Carnevali and Idrofoglia (Italy) and others. The main supplier of irrigation equipment and systems in the Oryol Oblast is Technodom company. Irrigated crops include potato, cabbage, beans, carrot, soybeans and other vegetable and industrial crops. An increase in the yield capacity of crops cultivated with an application of sprinkler machines is noted: potato – by 14 … 33%; soybean – 6 … 10 c/ha; corn and beet – by 7 … 28%; wheat – by 8 … 10%. In the conditions of the Oryol Oblast, the expenditures for equipment and irrigation technologies implementation amount to 150 … 250 thousand rubles per 1 hectare; return on innovation – from 1 to 6 years. Many farms plan to introduce lands irrigated by sprinkler systems due to the relevance of irrigated agriculture development. The article describes the importance to create favorable conditions for agriculture, efficient and safe operation of ameliorative machines and equipment, and to reduce a negative impact of irrigation technologies on the environment. A proposal to prepare specific measures together with the main activities of the subprogramme “Development of land reclamation for agricultural needs in Russia” was made to ensure technical safety of irrigation independent of changes in external conditions.

Key words: sprinkler irrigation machines, Oryol Oblast, irrigated agriculture, agricultural crops, Technodom company.

pp. 28-33

INCREASE IN OPERATING CAPACITY OF HEADER CUTTER BAR OF SORGHUM COMBINE HARVESTER (=PDF=)

A. I. Ryadnov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

O. A. Fedorova, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor

A. S. Faronov, Post-Graduate Student

Volgograd State Agrarian University

26, Universitetskiy Prospekt, Volgograd, 400002, Russia

E-mail: alex.rjadnov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

A new design of the header cutter bar of sorghum combine harvester with a failure control device was proposed at the Volgograd State Agrarian University. Compared to batch segment-and-finger cutter bar, the knife has a form of a closed loop with segments attached to it that bring the plants to the share knife and cut them during the operating process. The proposed header cutter bar is a system of technical diagnostics that includes not only a header cutter bar as an object of diagnostics, but also a failure control system as a diagnostic tool. A model of exploitation process was developed for sorghum combine harvester. This model considers all components of harvester’s operation time under the estimation of its operating condition: the time for scheduled diagnostics of technical condition before technical maintenance, for downtime due to operational and life-limiting failure, for regular maintenance. Comparative experimental research of sorghum combine harvester with an experimental cutter bar was carried out in the conditions of the Volgograd Oblast. It is presented that the quality of sorghum cutting meets the agrotechnical requirements in case of failures up to three segments in a raw. At the same time, the quality of plants cutting was estimated indirectly by the stubble height that provides an acceptable slope of plants without breaks, damages in stems, and rooting out. The limiting height of stubble was determined according to nomographic chart. Time for restoring the operating condition of developed cutter bar – replacement of cutting element was determined and equal to 0.141 hours. It is established that an average labor required for restoring the operating capacity of developed cutter bar is 2.17 times less than segment-and-finger cutter bar.

Key words: operating capacity, header cutter bar, sorghum combine harvester, operating coefficient.

AGRONOMY

pp. 34-40

PROTEIN AND GLUTEN IN GRAIN OF SOFT WHEAT OF SIBERIAN BREEDING VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN ZAURALIE (=PDF=)

М. К. Akhtarieva, Degree Seeker

E-mail: marina-che@mail.ru

R. I. Belkina, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, 625003, Russia

E-mail: raisa-medvedko@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research results on the indices of raw gluten mass fraction, quality of gluten, and protein mass fraction in grain of soft spring wheat of Siberian breeding varieties in the conditions of the Northern Zauralie for the period of 2011-2013. The investigations were carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Production Quality of the Agrobiotechnological Center of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. The analysis and comparison of soft spring wheat varieties were conducted according to different maturity groups and years of research, compliance with the requirements of state standards was established. 42 varieties of soft spring wheat were studied, 9 of them belong to the group of early and middle-early varieties, 26 are mid-season varieties, and 7 are middle-late varieties of Siberian breeding. Data calculations on the indices variation of raw gluten mass fraction and protein mass fraction in grain of spring wheat are given in the article. The average values of the following indices are graphically represented: raw gluten mass fraction and quality of gluten according to maturity groups and years of research. Varieties with a high content of gluten and protein as well as varieties with the most resistance to weather conditions of the Northern Zauralie were identified. Correlation dependence was made between raw gluten mass fraction and protein mass fraction as well as interrelation of these characteristics in wheat grain of the studied varieties of different maturity groups. For the period of 2011-2013, the following varieties possess a high mass fraction of raw gluten and protein: the Iren, the Novosibirskaya 29, and the Tyumenskaya 30 among the group of early and middle-early varieties; the Ikar, the Lutescens 70, the Kampaning in the mid-season group; the Baganskaya 51 among middle-late varieties.  

Key words: spring wheat, variety, protein content, quality of gluten, quantity of gluten.

pp. 40-47

RESPONSE OF YIELD CAPACITY AND SEED QUALITY OF THE ACCORD SPRING RAPE TO FERTILIZERS (=PDF=)

E. F. Vafina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

E. I. Khakimov, Post-Graduate Student

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, 426069, Russia

Email: vaf-ef@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article introduces the research data obtained from the studies on influence of macronutrients calculated doses and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with micronutrients on the yield formation of spring rape. The dose of fertilizers was calculated for the expected yield capacity of seeds equal to 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha by balance method, taking into account the nutrient concentration in soil. The salt mixture of manganese and zinc sulfates (MnSO₄+ZnSO₄) was used as micronutrient. The field trial on pre-sowing treatment of the Accord rape seeds with micronutrients on three macronutrient grounds was carried out on the experimental field of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy in the period of two years (2016-2017). The experiment was conducted within the experimental crop rotation of the Plant Production Department on sod-podzolic middle loamy soil with the content of humus 2.0…2.3 %, labile phosphorus – 178…201 mg/kg, exchange potassium 164…212 mg/kg, рН_KCl – 5.0…5.4 in topsoil. On average, in 2016…2017 with an application of  mineral fertilizers calculated for the yield of seeds of 1.0 t/ha, the obtained yield of rape equal to 1.84 t/ha was considerably less than the yield formed at a higher level of mineral nutrition. The level of mineral nutrition for the expected yield capacity of seeds equal to 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha ensured the similar level of obtained yield – 2.04…2.06 t/ha. On the first macronutrient ground (for the expected yield capacity of 1.0 t/ha), treatment of seeds with micronutrients increased the yield capacity by 12%, on the second ground (for the expected yield capacity of 1.5 t/ha) – by 9%, on the third ground (for the expected yield capacity of 2.0 t/ha) – by 5%. An increase in the yield capacity with an application of macro- and micronutrients is related to higher density of cultivated plants for harvesting – 142..151 pcs/m², a higher seed weight from one plant – 1.48…1.60 g., and photosynthetic potential of crops – 1031…1085 thousand m² х day/ha. Calculated dose of NPK for the expected yield capacity of 1.5 t/ha and treatment with micronutrients contributed to formation of seeds with a higher content of fat – 44.8 %. A higher percent of protein accumulation in seeds related to an increase in dose of applied macronutrients.

Key words: spring rape, macronutrient, micronutrient, yield capacity, photosynthetic potential, fat, protein.

pp. 47-52

TECHNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN OF CHAFFY AND HULLESS BARLEY IN THE NORTHERN ZAURALIE (=PDF=)

V. M. Gubanova, Cand. Agr. Sci.

E-mail: gubanovavm@gausz.ru

M. V. Gubanov, Cand. Agr. Sci.

E-mail:Mihail-gubanoff.1987@yandex.ru

Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, 625003, Russia

ABSTRACT

The article presents a comparative characteristic of grain quality of barley varieties: the Biom chaffy barley and the Nudum 95 hulless barley. The varieties were cultivated in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. The research on biochemical composition of grain was carried out in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Federal Research Center of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The weight of 1000 grains of the Nudum 95 hulless barley was significantly higher than the Biom chaffy barley. On average, over the years of research, the range limits of this indicator reached 45.5-49.7 g in the Biom variety, 48.9-58.3 g in the Nudum 95. In the years of research, the grain unit in the varieties of barley significantly ranged from 635 to 691 g/l in the Biom, from 661 to 754 g/l in the Nudum 95. The protein content was equal to 13.5% in the Biom chaffy barley, 15.9% – in the Nudum 95 hulles barley that meets the requirements for feed barley grain of the 1^st class GOST R 53900-2010 (State Standard). In the dry year 2012, the barley grain was distinguished by high protein content: 17.6% in the Nudum 95 variety, 15.5% in the Biom. The starch content in the grain of studied varieties of barley was slightly different: 60.6-61.3%. In 2012, with an increase in the protein content of grain, the starch content significantly decreased up to 58.9% in the Biom variety and up to 58.6% in the Nudum 95 variety. The differences in fatty acid content between the studied varieties are established. The grain of the Nudum 95 variety is characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated octadecatrienic fatty acid (linoleic) – 52.5%; the grain of the Biom variety contains a high amount of octadecatrienic acid (α– and γ– linolenic acid) – 34.2%. A sufficiently high content of polyunsaturated octadecatrienic fatty acid (linoleic acid) equal to 32.3% is observed in this variety.

Key words: chaffy barley, hulless barley, weight of 1000 grains, grain unit, protein, starch, fatty acids.

pp. 52-57

EFFICIENCY OF MILLED RAW LIME ON SOD-MESOPODZOLIC MIDDLE LOAMY SOIL OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (=PDF=)

A. N. Isupov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor; A. S. Bashkov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;

D. V. Belosludtsev, Post-Graduate Student,

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy,

11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, the Udmurt Republic, 426069, Russia

Email: isupov_l@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article summarizes long-term research on the effect of various doses of milled raw lime from the Udmurt deposits on physicochemical properties of sod-mesopodzolic middle loamy soil and productivity of agricultural crops. The results of a long-term pot experiment were used. The research was carried out on the experimental field of “Iyulskoe” education farm of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy in Votkinskiy district of the Udmurt Rebublic. The aim of research is to assess the effect of milled row lime doses from various deposits in the Udmurt Republic on physicochemical properties of sod-mesopodzolic middle loamy soil and productivity of agricultural crops. An application of lime to sod-mesopodzolic middle loamy soil reveals the improvement of its physicochemical properties. Distribution of limestone meal in various doses differentially reduced the acidity of soil. A dose of lime equal to 0.5 of hydrolytic acidity did not contribute to a radical decrease in the acidity of soil. Its efficiency lasted within four years, and then the acidity of soil increased. Escalation of lime doses from 1.0 to 3.0 of hydrolytic acidity reduced the acidity of soil from strongly acid to neutral. It is revealed that a dose of lime equal to 1.5 of hydrolytic acidity with NPK ground maintained exchangeable acidity at the level of 5.8 units during six years, and in a dose of 3.0 of hydrolytic acidity it persisted for ten years at the level of 6.2 units. Such efficiency is related to fractional composition of ameliorant. Under the influence of soil factors, inactive particles > 1mm (25%) were destroyed and gradually involved in the neutralization of soil acidity.

Key words: sod-mesopodzolic middle loamy soil, milled row lime, productivity of crops, agrochemical properties of soil.

pp. 57-64

ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION METHODS OF ANNUAL FORAGE CROPS IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)

I. Yu. Kuznetsov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor; A. V. Valitov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.;

B. G. Akhiyarov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.; R. I. Abdulmanov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.

Bashkir State Agrarian University

34, 50-letiya Octyabrya St., Ufa, 450001, Russia

E-mail: kuznecov_igor74@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with an economic assessment of annual forage crops cultivation in the conditions of southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In 2012-2016, the experiments were carried out in the experimental field of the Bashkir State Agrarian University in the conditions of southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The aim of research is to provide an economic assessment of agro-technical methods of annual forage crops cultivation in the conditions of southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The experiments were conducted according to generally accepted methods and GOSTs (State Standards). Economic efficiency was calculated by a comparative mathematical method due to direct costs. The best economic efficiency in cultivation of high-protein annual forage crops mixed with Sudan grass for green mass is achieved by two-component mixture of Sudan grass and spring rape (20+80%, N₅₆P₆₇K₅₄). In cultivation of corn, «Bashinkom» scientific and innovative enterprise (Ufa) proposes to pay attention on the effectiveness of the Borogum-M (corn) biopreparation and a biological product of new generation – the Crioborogum. Use of hybrid of Russian breeding provides a higher economic efficiency. An application of the Borogum-M (corn) biopreparation with pre-sowing treatment of seeds (0.3 l/t and during the vegetation (3-5 leaves phase, 1.5 l per 300 l) is recommended to obtain a high yield of green mass. The efficiency is observed at different seeding dates, early seeding (May 3) is recommended.

Key words: annual grass, seeding date, biopreparations, economic efficiency.

pp. 65-71

ADAPTIVENESS OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (=PDF=)

A. G. Kuryleva, Сand. Аgr. Sci., Leading Researcher

Udmurt Scientific and Research Institute — Branch of FSBIS Udmurt Federal Research Center of Ural Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

1, Lenina St., s. Pervomaiskiy, 427007, Russia

E-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of three-year (2014-2016) research of productivity, flexibility, and stability of new and released varieties of winter wheat obtained in various soils and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic according to the state variety testing stations (SVS). The soil of the state variety testing stations of the Udmurt Republic is sod-podzolic with various particle-size distribution (the Uvinskiy, the Mozhginskiy SVSs) and light gray forest heavy loamy (the Sarapulskiy SVS); topsoil is average or well cultivated. It is revealed during the years of research (2014-2016) that varieties of winter wheat possess a high productivity in the southern zone of the Udmurt Republic: the Sarapulskiy SVS – 3.32 t/ha and the Mozhginskiy SVS – 2.95 t/ha. Statistical analysis of data showed that year’s conditions (factor A – 81.0 and 89.6%, respectively) have the highest impact on the yield capacity of winter wheat varieties in the southern zone of the Udmurt Republic, and the interaction of factors AB (year + grade) equal to 47.3% as a limiting factor in the central part of the Republic. Intensive varieties of winter wheat such as the Lgovskaya 8, the Mera and semi-intensive such as the Moskovskaya 39, the Bashkirskaya 10, the Italmas were revealed on sod-mesopodzolic meddle loamy soils; the Bashkirskaya 10 intensive variety as well as the Moskovskaya 39 semi-intensive variety – on sod-mesopodzolic light loamy soils. On light grey forest heavy loamy soils, the Volzhskaya K, the Bashkirskaya 10, the Bis, the Italmas, and the Kazanskaya 285 varieties are more responsive to environmental conditions but in terms of stability they have an average stability (S_d² = 1.04-8.33). Strong positive correlation (r = 0.78) between productivity and total precipitation during the period «sowing – seedlings» and average negative correlation (r = -0.54) during the period «tillering – ear stage» is revealed. Strong invert correlation (r = -0.73) is observed between productivity of winter wheat varieties and daily mean temperature during the period «seedlings – tillering».

Key words: winter wheat, variety, yield, yield capacity, flexibility, stability, stress resistance.

pp. 72-76

FORMATION OF TOP MASS AND YIELD CAPACITY OF TUBERS ACCORDING TO STARCH CONTENT IN SEED TUBERS OF MID-SEASON POTATO VARIETIES (=PDF=)

Yu. P. Loginov, Dr. Аgr. Sci.

A. A. Kazak, Cand. Аgr. Sci.

Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, Russia

E-mail: kazaknastenka@rambler.ru 

ABSTRACT

It is important to form a well-developed top mass of potato plant before its blooming stage for obtaining the yield capacity of tubers. Top mass value depends on fertility of soil, moisture availability, temperature condition as well as quality of seeding tubers, primarily, their starch and protein content. It is necessary to note that the issue of starch and protein influence on the yield capacity of potato tubers in the Tyumen Oblast and Siberia is insufficiently investigated. In 2015-2017, the research of the Tuleevskiy and the Rokko mid-season potato varieties was carried out in forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University located in Utyashevo countryside of the Tyumen Oblast. The research included the influence of starch content in seed tubers on growth, development of top mass in plants and yield capacity formation of tubers of the Tuleevskiy and the Rokko mid-season potato varieties in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast. It is established that starch content above 10-12% in seed tubers of the Tuleevskiy and the Rokko mid-season potato varieties provides an increase in yield capacity of 2.7-2.8 t/ha per each percent of starch.  The variation with starch content in seed tubers equal to 14-16% was resistant to diseases in both varieties of potato. The highest yield capacity – 34.5-35.3 t/ha was obtained by planting of tubers with starch content of 14-16% that is higher than planting of tubers with starch content of 10-12%.

Key words: potato, mid-season variety, potato starch, top mass, yield capacity, the Tyumen Oblast.

pp. 76-82

ASSESSMENT OF NEW COLLECTION SAMPLES OF BARLEY ACCORDING TO COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE TRAITS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA (=PDF=)

T. N. Radyukevich, Senior Researcher

L. M. Bondareva, Senior Researcher

L. I. Kartasheva, Researcher

“Belogorka” Leningrad Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture

1, Institutskaya St., pos. Belogorka, St.Petersburg, 188338, Russia

E-mail: lenniish@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Successful breeding of varieties that are most adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the regions is largely predetermined by the source material. The article presents the research results of new varieties of spring barley for the conditions of the Northwestern region of Russia, where barley is the main grain-fodder crop. The aim of our research was to identify the genetic sources of the main commercially valuable traits of barley for further use in hybridization. The variety material was obtained from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Seven investigated varieties descended from southern regions and only the Izumrud variety of spring barley (Northeast Russia) was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use around the second region (the Northwestern region). The Suzdalets variety of spring barley (nutans variant) that is highly productive and widely cultivated in the Leningrad Oblast was taken as a standard. The samples were studied for two years (2016 and 2017). Field and laboratory assessment of 9 samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The elements of yield capacity for new collection varieties were studied during the research. The sources of commercially valuable traits for breeding purposes were identified as a result of research. Among the studied varieties, the Miar variety was the earliest – 84 days. The Miar and the Prizer varieties showed a high productive capacity. The following samples had an excess weight of 1000 seeds above the standard: the Vadim, the Miar, the Explorer, and the Prizer. The Miar, the Explorer, the Izumrud, the Vadim, the Sunshine varieties were resistant to net blotch, the Vadim, the Miar, the Oskolets, and the Izumrud – to dark brown blotch. The above mentioned varieties will be used in hybridization to obtain a valuable source breeding material.

Key words: spring barley, collection, productive capacity, early ripeness, yield structure.

pp. 82-89

EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT WITH BIO-MINERAL, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, AND BISOLBIFIT BIO-PREPARATION IN CULTIVATION OF SPRING BARLEY IN THE MIDDLE POVOLZHIE (=PDF=)

G. V. Saidasheva, Cand. Agr. Sci.

E. V. Kuzina, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Ulyanovskii Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture

19 Institutskaya St., pos. Timiryazevskiy, Ulyanovskiy Rayon, Ulyanovskaya Oblast 433315 Russia

E-mail:  Galina_83@list.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research aimed to study the effect of mineral, bio-mineral fertilizers, and Bisolbifit bio-preparation on biological activity, soil nutrition, yield capacity and quality of grain of spring barley in the period of 2015-2017. The experiment was carried out on stationary plot of the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture. In three years of research, it is established that the yield capacity of spring barley grain equal to 2.67 t/ha can be obtained on leached heavy loamy Chernozem without fertilization. An application of mineral, bio-mineral fertilizers, and Bisolbifit bio-preparation increased the yield capacity of grain by 0.06-0.54 t/ha or by 2.2-20.2 %. With an increase in the yield capacity, а certain decrease in the protein content of barley grain was observed. It ranged from 11.8% to 13.1% and, on average, in experiment was equal to 12.4%. During the years of research, an application of studied fertilizers had a positive effect on biological activity and nutrition of soil. The research revealed that the lowest percentage of flaxen linen decomposition in the layer of 0-30 cm was observed on non-fertilized ground and ranged from 28.7% to 42.5%. The maximum decomposition of flaxen linen equal to 36.2-50.2% was noted on the ground 3 (½NH₄NO_3m). Among the studied types of fertilizers, bio-mineral fertilizers had the greatest impact on nitrogen status of leached Chernozem. The highest content of labile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium was observed under an application of bio-modified azophoska (NPK) on the all grounds of research. Bisolbifit microbiological preparation (for treatment of seeds and mineral fertilizers) contributes to the maximum increase in the recoupment of 1 kg of NPK with additional yield.

Key words: spring barley, yield capacity, biological activity, bio-mineral and mineral fertilizers, inoculation, bio-preparation.

pp. 89-93

YIELD CAPACITY AND QUALITY OF THE RED SCARLETT EARLY POTATO VARIETY DEPENDING ON TREATMENT TECHNIQUES IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)

А. A. Skryabin, Сand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: Skr-kfh@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents data on the yield capacity of the Red Scarlett early potato variety. The aim of our research is to improve potato treatment techniques. In 2013-2015, the field experiment was conducted on sod-podzolic middle loamy average cultivated soil of the educational and scientific experimental field of the FSBEI HE Perm SATU. Generally accepted methods were applied to the experiment. Vegetative periods were contrasting in weather conditions. 2013 was dry and hot that caused a decrease in the yield capacity of potato. In 2014, weather conditions were favorable for the vegetation of early potato varieties – the weather was cool with little precipitation. In vegetative period 2015, the weather was cool and abnormally rainy that led to the development of late blight and reduced potato yield. The research revealed that the maximum yield capacity of 30.8 t/ha was obtained during two pre-emergence tillage of inter-rows, hilling of plants and an application of Rimus herbicide. However, this variant had no significant increase in additional yield in comparison with the control variant. Therefore, the optimal treatment system can be considered as a set of measures that include pre-emergence tillage of inter-rows and application of Rimus herbicide in seedling-shooting stage.

Key words: potato, yield capacity, inter-row tillage, herbicide, marketable value, starch content.

pp. 94-98

PHOTOSYNTHETIC INDICES, YIELD CAPACITY, AND MARKETABLE VALUE OF DETERMINATE TOMATO DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF TREATMENT WITH BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS (=PDF=)

T. V. Soromotina, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: kafpererabotka@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

In 2011-2012, the research was carried out in the scientific and education center of the Perm State Agro-Technological University. The object of research is a determinate tomato of the Grand variety cultivated on the field. Two methods of treatment with biological preparations were used within cultivation technology: soaking seeds before sowing and spraying plants in a large-scale blooming stage. The following preparations were studied: the HB-101, the BP; the Energiya M, the KRP; the Gumat +7, the SP; the Rostok, the VR; the Albite, the TPS; the Krezatsin, the KRP. Dry seeds were used as a control variant. It is established that the greatest stimulatory effect is obtained by soaking seeds before sowing in solutions of the Energiya M and the Krezatsin bio-preparations. In these variants, the leaf area per 1 hectare was equal to 60.3-66.4 thousand m²/ ha that is by 13.2-19.2 thousand m²/ ha more that the control variant. The index of photosynthetic potential was 34.2-36.6 thousand m²× day/ha in a large-scale blooming – fruit formation stage that is significantly higher – by 7.8-10.2 thousand m²× day/ha or 29.5-38.6% compared to the control variant and other variants. The net productivity of photosynthesis for the same period ranged from 7.3 to 9.0 g/m2 × day that is by 1.7 g/m2 × day or 23.3% higher than the control. According to the method of treatment with preparation, an average yield capacity for 3 years ranged from 37.0 to 72.5 t/ha when seeds are soaked before sowing; from 39.4 to 66.2 t/ha  when spraying plants in a large-scale blooming stage. It was the highest in the variants with an application of the Energy M and the Krezatsin when seeds are soaked before sowing. The increase in these variants was 11.3-35.5 t/ha compared with the control and other variants of experiment. Marketable value of products was 96.0-96.8%.

Key words: tomato, photosynthetic potential, net productivity of photosynthesis, biological preparations, soaking of seeds, spraying of plants, yield capacity.

pp. 98-102

YIELD CAPACITY AND SEED QUALITY OF EARLY VARIETIES OF SOY IN THE TYUMEN OBLAST (=PDF=)

A. N. Sazonova, Post-Graduate Student

E-mail: yagovkina-anastasiya@mail.ru 

A. C. Ivanenko, Professor, Dr. Agr. Sci.

E-mail: ivanenkove@mail.ru

Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast, 625003, Russia

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of three-year research on early varieties of soy conducted in the forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast. This crop was recently cultivated mainly in the Far East of Russia, but in the last decade, plant breeders produced early varieties of soy that are productive and resistant to drought. As a result, they began to cultivate soy in new regions including the Western Siberia. The aim of research was to identify more productive varieties with a short vegetative period, a high content of fat and protein in seeds among early varieties for cultivation in the Tyumen Oblast. The research was carried out in the trial field of educational and experimental farm of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University in 2015-2018. Nine varieties of soy bred in Siberia and the European part of Russia that considered as early varieties according to the catalog of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were studied. It is established that in the forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, the Kasatka, the Chera 1, the Krasnoobskaya varieties can be considered as early, their vegetative period did not exceed 95 days. These varieties turned out to be the most productive, they exceeded the Omskaya 4 standard variety, the Chera 1 by – 6.7 c/ha, the Kasatka by – 5.5 c/ha, the Krasnoobskaya – by 5.1 c/ha. The difference in fat content between varieties and standard variety was small – 0.1-0.7%, only in the Eldorado variety, the fat content was by 1.9% lower. However, due to a high yield of seeds, fat yield per hectare was significantly higher in all early varieties: the Krasnoobskaya – by 0.77 t/ha, the Chera 1 – by 1.74 t/ha. The Omsk standard variety had the highest protein content in comparison with all other varieties. Protein yield per hectare was higher in early varieties due to their high yield capacity. Addition yield ranged from 1/61 c/ha (the Krasnoobskaya) to 2.24 c/ha (the Chera 1). The Kasataka, the Chera 1, and the Krasnoobskaya varieties were the earliest, highly productive, with a high fat and protein yield per hectare. The above-mentioned varieties are recommended for cultivation in the forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast.

Key words: soy, variety, seed yield, fat and protein content, fat and protein yield.

pp. 103-109

RESPONSE OF THE YAKOV VARIETY OF OAT WITH PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY TO PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT AND SOWING RATES IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE (=PDF=)

I. Sh. Fatykhov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

V. K. Zakharov, Post-Graduate Student

V. G. Kolesnikova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

T. N. Ryabova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

16, Kirova St., Izhevsk, 426033, Russia

E-mail: nir210@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

In the conditions of the middle Preduralie, photosynthetic activity and the yield formation of the Yakov oat variety were studied in various sowing rates of seeds treated with different preparations before sowing. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy in the period of 2014-2016. During the years of research, meteorological conditions of vegetative periods were different in temperature conditions and humidity. In 2014, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) in leaf tube formation-ear emergence stage was equal to 2.58, in 2015 – 1.55, in 2016 – 0.97. On average, according to the experiment variants with pre-sowing seed treatment, the largest leaf area equal to 32.6-33.6 thousand m²/ha was formed in the leaf tube formation phase, this indicator was equal to 27.4-37.2 thousand m²/ha according to sowing rates. Pre-sowing seed treatment with the ZhUSS preparation provided the highest photosynthetic potential of 1406 thousand m² x day/ha and net photosynthetic yield of 6.16 g/m² per day for vegetation. Response of the Yakov variety of oat to pre-sowing seed treatment with the ZhUSS, the Planriz, the Lamador, the Vial TrasT preparations and an increase in sowing rates was manifested by an increase in the photosynthetic potential. The highest net photosynthetic yield was provided in the sowing rate of 4 million pcs/ha. The highest yield capacity of grain equal to 2.72 t/ha was obtained in the variant with the ZhUSS seed treatment. The additional yield of 0.18-0.34 t/ha was obtained in the variants with pre-sowing seed treatment with the Planriz, the Lamador, the Vial TrasT, and the ZhUSS. Seed treatment with the ZhUSS preparation and the sowing rate of 5 million pcs/ha led to the highest photosynthetic yield equal to 2.12 kg of grain per 1 thousand units.

Key words: sowing rate, pre-sowing seed treatment, yield capacity, photosynthesis.          

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 110-115

RADIOPAQUE CAPSULE IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PATENCY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS (=PDF=)

O. A. Balabanova, Post-Graduate Student

K. A. Sidorovа, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor

Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, 625003, Russia

N. A. Tatarnikova, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: IBVM.veterinarya@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the issue of diagnostics of non-radiopaque foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract in domestic animals. In radiology, all foreign bodies found in animal are divided into radiopaque and non-radiopaque. Radiopaque bodies refer to metals, bones, various radiopaque agents; non-radiopaque are all other objects or substances without a contrast print in the x-ray image. The issue of diagnostics of the gastrointestinal tract patency deserves special attention as it leads to serious complications: bedsores of the walls of stomach and intestines, inflammatory processes in the walls of digestive tract, perforation of the walls of stomach and intestines, spilled purulent peritonitis, formation of peritoneal abscesses, development of intestinal obstruction, appearance of internal fistulas, etc. up to death. There are various methods of foreign body detection, its localization, size, shape, etc., but one of the most informative methods is the x-ray examination. The object of research was sick animals with a provisional or final diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract obstruction. The investigations were carried out at the veterinary clinic of Tyumen. The use of an intestinal radiopaque capsule was proposed as a solution to the issue on diagnostics of the gastrointestinal tract obstruction. A gelatin capsule preparation filled with barium sulfate was used in the experiment on investigation of the gastrointestinal tract patency. A dose of preparation was calculated depending on the patient’s weight. The capsules were taken per os (orally). The research was carried out in several stages with certain periods of time for visualization of the capsule in each department of the gastrointestinal tract and early detection of pathologies. As a result of research, it is established that the adapted radiopaque intestinal capsule and developed algorithm of investigation are more effective than available analogs.

Key words: radiopaque capsule, intestinal obstruction, foreign bodies, x-ray, barium sulfate.

pp. 115-120

EFFICACY OF PREPARATIONS FOR PREVENTION OF ANAEMIA IN PIGLETS (=PDF=)

I. E. Ivanova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University

7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, 625003, Russia

E-mail: danik1969@mail.ru  

ABSTRACT

The article describes the results of experiments on application the preparations for prevention of anaemia in piglets. For the first time, the research was conducted in the swine farm of the Tyumen Oblast. The aim of research was to study the efficacy of preparations for prevention of anaemia in piglets and to identify more effective one. The efficacy of iron-containing preparations Suiferrovit-A and Ferrodex was studied in order to determine more effective solution. According to recommended dosing schedule, the injection of preparations was carried out on the 3rd day of life to the piglets of experimental groups. Piglets receiving Suiferrovit-A had the greatest absolute gain (15.39 kg) and higher average daily gains – 256.5 g that is by 34.57% more than in the control group. Safety of piglets in the 1^st experimental group was equal to 93.3%, and in the 2^nd experimental group – 86.7%, thus indicating a greater efficacy of the Suiferrovit-A. The investigation of hematological parameters in experimental animals established that the level of hemoglobin in piglets of the first experimental group was by 6.97% higher, the number of red blood cells – by 3.17% than the same values in animals of the second group. The number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in control piglets at the age of 60 days corresponded to the lowest values of 4.9±0.56×10¹²/L and 63.3±2.22 g/L, respectively. The studied preparations consequently compensate for iron deficiency, optimize the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin level in blood. The Suiferrovit-A preparation performs more efficacy due to its active iron inclusion in hemoglobin. As a result, there was an increase in overall resistance of organism, safety, and average daily gain of sucking pigs.

Key words: piglets, anaemia, hemoglobin, red blood cells, safety, iron-containing preparations.

pp. 120-126

INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE ON WORKING QUALITIES OF WORKING DOGS (=PDF=)

R. V. Malchikov,Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Professor

Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service

125, Karpinskogo St., Perm, 614012, Russia

E-mail: malchikov00@bk.ru

ABSTRACT

The assessment of acceptability of working dogs for being on duty is based on working qualities. One of the important elements in training of working dogs is aggressive behavior. It is used to form various skills necessary to perform operational tasks such as detention, search with subsequent attack, convoy, search of vehicles, search of an object, studying of a person’s smell track. Analysis of scientific papers, articles and guidelines allowed sufficiently studying the techniques used to determine aggressive behavior in dogs and use them in a research on selection of working dogs for the search and patrol-search services. Exercises within the regulatory documents aimed to restrict the work of canine service of the Federal Penitentiary Service were used to test working qualities of selected working dogs. However, the proposed exercises cannot provide complete data on the potential aggressiveness of dogs. Testing exercises that would not record the behavioral reactions included in the hunting instinct system (chase, catch and kill the prey) were proposed to identify aggression in behavior of studied dogs. The proposed testing exercises in turn were examined on the previously developed skills in dogs with the creation of non-standard situations that contribute to more clearly identification of aggressive behavior in animals. As a result of the research, the interrelation between aggression in behavior of working dogs and the level of their training was established. After analyzing the results, it can be noted that working dogs with pronounced aggression in behavior performed the highest scores in a special course of training.

Key words: working dog, aggression, special course of training, a trainer, scores, animal.

pp. 127-132

MILK PRODUCTION AND EXTERNAL CONFORMATION TRAITS OF COWS OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN «IYULSKOE» EDUCATION FARM OF THE IZHEVSK STATE AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY (=PDF=)

E. N. Martynova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

V. Yu. Yakimovа, Post-Graduate Student

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, 426069, Russia

E-mail: ekate.martynova.55@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the research of milk production and external conformation traits of cows of different production capacity in “Iyulskoe” education farm of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy. A group of cows discarded from 2012 to 2017 with completed lactation was selected for the research. All investigated livestock was divided into 3 groups according to the highest yield of milk per lactation: highly productive cows –  with a yield of X+ 1σ; cows with record production capacity – X+ 2σ and production group – with a yield less than X+ 1σ. It is established that the record cows significantly exceeded the cows of other groups in milk yield for 305-day first and highest lactation, but were inferior in fat content by 0.09-0.21% (P≥0.99) and protein in milk by 0.01% (P≥0.95). According to the highest lactation, record cows significantly exceeded the yield of milk of highly productive cows by 1357.9 kg (P≥0.99), and production group by 3074.4 kg (P≥0.99) as well as the milk yields on average in herd by 2571.8 kg (P≥0.99). The coefficient of milk yield was higher in cows with record production capacity and exceeded the coefficient of milk yield in highly productive cows by 92.4 kg, on average in herd – by 166.3 kg, and in production group – by 197.5 kg (P≥0.99). There are no significant differences in milk production of cows of various lines in the groups. Among the record cows, the line V. B. Ideal 1013415 performed the highest production capacity of 10109.9 kg.  In the group of highly productive cows, the differences in milk yield among the cows of different lines were in the range of 9.6-134.7 kg (P≤0.95). Among the cows in production group, the highest production capacity was performed by the line V. B. Ideal 1013415. The difference between the investigated groups of animals was insignificant according to all measurements of the 1^st and the 3^rd lactations.

Key words: record cows, milk production, lactation, measurements of cows, line.

pp. 132-137

EFFICIENCY OF REPLACEMENT CHICKENS WHEN APPLYING PROBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENTS IN THE RATION (=PDF=)

A. A. Ovchinnikov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor; Yu. V. Matrosova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor;

D. A. Konovalov, Post-Graduate Student,

South Ural State Agrarian University,

13, Gagarina St., Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, 457100, Russia

E-mail: tvi_t@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The application of probiotic feed supplements is the only way to correct the bacterial composition of the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals and poultry. The effect of «Tsellobakterin-T» and «Levisel SB Plus» probiotics applied at a dose of 0.5 kg/t of mixed fodder in the diet of replacements up to 148 days of life was studied during the scientific and farm experiment in «Ravis-Ptitsefabrika Sosnovskaya» poultry farm of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Probiotics were fed to chickens from 3^rd to 45^th day of life. In comparison with the control group, «Levisel SB Plus» enables an increase in a total live weight of poultry by 4.4%, safety of livestock – by 0.6%, a decrease in feed costs – by 4.7%, while with «Tsellobacterin-T» the same indicators were equal to 2.0%, 0.4% and 7.7%, respectively. At the same time, «Levisel SB Plus» made it possible to obtain more uniform livestock of replacements (87.2%) with a higher yield of pullets (95.7%) that exceeded the control group by 20.9 and 1.1%. The difference with an application of «Tsellobacterin-T» was 13.1 and 1.9%. Probiotic feed supplements in replacements’ ration stimulated the best feather replacement by 2.7-3.2%, increased the mass of ovaries by 20.3-27.8%, the length of oviduct – by 9.4-11.4%. The assessment of economic efficiency of replacements’ rearing showed that «Tsellobacterin-T» increased the feed-conversion efficiency to obtain the pullets by 4.1-8.3%, while with the addition of «Levisel SB Plus» the difference in value terms was 4.1%.

Key words: replacements, probiotics, feed supplement, live weight dynamics, intestinal bacterial composition, costs and feed-conversion efficiency.

pp. 137-143

EFFECT OF FEEDING WITH RHAPONTICUM CARTHMOIDES ON MINERAL METABOLISM IN LACTATING COWS (=PDF=)

I. V. Sergeev, Post-Graduate Student

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: likruser@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article describes the results of research on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in cows of the Black-and-White Holsteinized breed in the period of 11 days before the expected calving and 30 days after it. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out in “Rus” agro-holding of Perm Krai. The diets of animals from experimental groups included grass vitamin meal made from Rhaponticum Carthamoides (Rhaponticum). Animals of experimental groups I and II consumed calcium by 5.8 — 12.8 g or 4.68 — 10.32% and phosphorus by 1.7 — 3.5 g or 3.37 — 6.94% more than the control group. The use of ingested and digested calcium in cows of experimental group II was by 2.49 — 4.82% higher than in the control group, and by 4.44% — 7.97% higher than in experimental group I, respectively. The largest amount of calcium and phosphorus deposits was observed in animals of experimental group II. This is shown in digestibility coefficients of calcium and phosphorus, which were higher in experimental group II by 2.37% — 3.62% compared with experimental group I and by 1.12 % — 5.82% compared with the control group.

Key words: cows, calcium, phosphorus, balance, metabolism, Rhaponticum Carthamoides.

pp. 143-148

SARCOCYSTIS SPP. INVASION IN MOOSE OF PERM KRAI (=PDF=)

T. N. Sivkova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University,

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614099, Russia

E-mail: tatiana-sivkova@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

A moose (Alces alces Linnaeus 1758) is an important game animal in Perm Krai. According to the regional State Hunting Inspection, 2066 animals were hunted under a hunting license and 97 were hunted illegally from 1 October 2017 to 15 January 2018. The welfare of this species directly depends on health of its population including parasitic diseases. The aim of research is to investigate spreading of the Sarcocystis spp. genus species in moose in the territory of Perm Krai, to determine indices of invasion prevalence and intensity as well as morphology of muscle cysts.  Eleven samples of moose meat were investigated according to organoleptic, microscopical and histological methods. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Morphometric measurement was carried out with ImageJ PC program (USA). Presence of tissue cysts Sarcocystis spp. Lankester, 1882 is established. Invasion prevalence was equal to 63.63%. Invasion intensity did not exceed one cyst per slide. Simultaneous parasitizing of thin-walled (wall thickness is 1.06±0.14 µm) and thick-walled (wall thickness is 3.22±0.85µm) cysts are revealed. That fact suggests that they belong to different species. Infection in moose has a chronic character and causes formation of a complete xenoparasitic barrier.

Key words: Sarcocystis, moose, muscles, cyst, morphology, wall, thickness.

pp. 148-153

INVESTIGATION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL INFLUENCE ON BIOMASS GROWTH OF SALMONELLA SPP. AND MICROBIAL ASSOCIENTS (=PDF=)

E. O. Chugunova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Аssociate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: chugunova.elen@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the issue of influence of propylene glycol as a component of buffered peptone water on the reproduction of Salmonella spp. and certain microbial associents. The aim of research is to select an agent that completely or partially inhibit the growth of concomitant microflora without a negative effect on Salmonella cells. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Agrozootechnologies Development of the Perm State Agro-Technological University from January to June, 2018. Bacteriological method of investigation was used in the research. Material for the tests was the archival strains of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes obtained from the FSBI «Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Eventually, it was established that biomass of Staphylococcus aureus after incubation in buffered peptone water with propylene glycol was by 17.53% less than in the control samples; Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli– by 20%; cells of Listeria monocytogenes – by 34.21%, Shigella flexneri –  more than 50% less. In this case, the positive effect of propylene glycol on the reproduction for Salmonella spp. was noted. Particularly, bacterial mass of Salmonella spp. accumulated by buffered peptone water with propylene glycol was by 38.57% greater than the control samples.

Keywords: Salmonella spp., microbial associents, buffered peptone water, propylene glycol.

pp. 153-159

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF DOGS DIETS BASED ON «CHAPPI», «PEDIGREE» DRY READY-MADE FODDERS, AND FEED PREPARED FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS (=PDF=)

S. M. Shlyapnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm Institute of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

125, Karpinskogo St., Perm, 614012, Russia

E-mail: shlyapnikovyperm@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of dogs’ diets based on dry ready-made fodders and prepared feed which were compared with the purpose to establish a diet that completely meets the requirements of working dogs. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the German Shepherd Dogs kept in open-air cages and identical care conditions at the nursery of the Perm Institute of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The animals were divided into 3 groups according to the method of groups-analogs.The control group was kept on a traditional diet consisted of prepared feed, the experimental group 1 was fed with «Chappi» ready-made fodder, and the experimental group 2 – with «Pedigree» fodder. For the first time, the influence of these diets on physiological and functional conditions of dogs kept at the canine area was studied in the conditions of Perm Krai. It is established that diet based on feed prepared from natural products mostly provides the requirements of working dogs with a live weight of 30 kg and their optimal condition as well as a high working capacity. During the 90 days of experiment, the dogs of the control group had a positive dynamics of a live weight (an average daily gain of 4.56 g), minor changes in speed (-0.076 m/s), and a high average score of hair quality (4.97). At the same time, the animals of the experimental groups had a negative dynamics of a live weight (-11.67 g/day – «Chappi», -1.89 g/day – «Pedigree») and speed (-2.830 m/s – «Chappi», -0.953 m/s – «Pedigree») as well as a lower average score of hair quality (3.23 – «Chappi», 4.67 – «Pedigree»).

Key words: dog, feeding, dry fodder, nutritional value, diet, physiological and functional condition.