PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

pp. 4-11

INVESTIGATION OF PARTICLE INTERACTION WITH WORKING BODIES OF HAMMER MILL  (=PDF=)

N.F. Baranov, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor

V.G. Farafonov,Cand. Phys. and Math. Sci., Associate Professo

L.А. Lopatin, Post-Graduate Student

Vyatka State Agricultural Academy

133, Oktyabrskiy prospect, Kirov, 610017, Russia

E-mail: lopatin.la@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The main direction for the modernization of grain mill devices is the development of new working bodies of mill, which ensure the maximum use of supplied energy and working space in a crushing chamber. The article describes the design of hammer mill that contains ring decks with corrugated end surfaces as passive working bodies in its grinding chamber. Theoretical studies described the motion of particles after hammer strokes. The obtained equations were used for the estimation of velocity rate and approach angles to the deck. The calculated values of approach angles of particles to the deck allow us to determine the slope angle of deck working face, flute pitch, and can be used to design the optimal geometry of kick surfaces on deck. According to derived dependences, the angle of flute working face of deck referred to the end wall of crushing chamber should be 77…84˚ taking into account a significant chance of approach angle of particles to the deck, within 6 … 13˚. In the laboratory of the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, the interaction process of grain particles with working bodies of mill was studied to identify the nature of impact and determine the share of energy costs in the interaction process between air-product stream and ring decks of crushing chamber. Laboratory studies determined the torque on crushing chamber created by rotating air-product stream depending on mass of crushing material, hammers velocity, and the number of flutes on ring decks. The results obtained during the experiments showed that 14…41% of the torque produced by the circular flow of air-product on crushing chamber is realized during the operation of mill on ring decks.

Key words: grinding, mill, ring deck, inter-hammer space, hammer stroke, hammer velocities and particles, angle of departure, deck flutes.

pp. 12-19

DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN-CLEANING MACHINES WORKING ON FRACTIONAL TECHNOLOGY  (=PDF=)

A.I. Burkov, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor

A.L. Glushkov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Assistant Professor

V.A. Lazykin, Cand. Tech. Sci., Assistant Professor

N.V. Rudnitski Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North-East

166a, Lenina St., Kirov 610007 Russia

E-mail: glandrey@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the issues of improvement of post-harvest processing of grain through the use of grain-cleaning machines working on fractional technology. The device, technological process of new grain cleaning machines and the results of their work in production conditions are presented. Machine of preliminary cleaning MPO-25F allocates the forage into the air flow before the sieve. This increases the productivity, reduces costs of the drying process and improves grain quality. The efficiency of barley grain cleaning during the work of the machine MPO-25F fractional technology was 59.9 … 73.3 %, and when working on streaming technology – 37.0…52.4 %. Air-and-screen cleaner AZM-10/5-VRF divides the seed material on the sieve into large and small fractions and processes them in pneumatic channels at different speeds. After cleaning, seeds accords to the purification categories Original Seeds, Elite Seeds, and Reproductive Seeds. In some cases, seeds of large fraction does not require additional processing in trieur. Itcontains double pneumatic separating channel, separation chamber, inertial dust collector, and diametral fan. Pneumatic separator SP-2F cleans the seed material from difficult-to-separate impurities by aerodynamic properties and is installed after air-sieve machines and trieurs. For one pass the material is divided into four fractions: first and second grade seeds, forage and unused waste. New grain cleaning machines working on fractional technology reduce the cost of seed preparation and can be used in all climatic zones of the Russian Federation.

Key words:grain and seed cleaning, division into fractions by size and aerodynamic properties.

pp. 19-29

MODELING OF POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF GRAINS AND SEEDS AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF THEIR PREPARATION  (=PDF=)

V. D. Galkin, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor;

А. D. Galkin, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor;

V. A. Khandrikov, Cand. Tech. Sci.;

S. E. Basalgin, Cand. Tech. Sci.

Perm State Agro-Technological University

113 Geroev Khasana St., Perm 614025 Russia

Е-mail: engineer@pgsha.ru  

ABSTRACT

The information model of post-harvest handling of grain delivered from haversters is presented in the form of two groups of operations. The first one includes operations aimed at the preliminary normalization of grain contamination and moisture, and the second group includes processes for fractioning of seed. The estimates of aggregate operations with nominal discharge characteristics are as follows: numerical characteristics of the costs of the resulting seeds, their output or loss in waste, the contamination by impurities, probability of preserving the tolerance zones for contamination by the piece-recorded impurities, the energy cost of preparing the seeds. For the processes of the first block, expressions are obtained that allow calculating the moisture content of the grain mixture after its pre-handling, contamination and consumption characteristics of the dried grain, energy costs for the first group of operations. The improved processes of pre-handling, drying and purification of dried seeds are proposed. Technological schemes are the basis for the development of machinery and equipment, which is currently produced by LLC «Tekhnograd», Perm region. Following technologies developed and produced by LLC «Tekhnograd» are implemented: pre-cleaning separator with cylindrical sieve, core cell type capacity dryers for the reception and storage of wet grain, grain and seed. Production studies of the pre-cleaning machine on the barley grain heap showed, with a performance exceeding 14 t/h, the degree of separation of small impurities is 60% with losses of seeds of the main crop to 0.05%. Seed-cleaning lines with a capacity of 10 and 2.5 t/h passed industrial testing at the training farm of the University and showed the Elite Seed category more than 70% at the output, reducing energy costs and the loss of seeds in waste not less than 30%.

Key words: modeling, technology, technological operations, machinery and equipment.

AGRONOMY

pp. 30-34

YIELD FORMATION OF SINGLE- AND DOUBLE CROP RED CLOVER DEPENDING ON AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS  (=PDF=)

E. D. Akmanaev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Assoc. Professor,

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: akmanaev@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The paper presents data on the yield of dry matter of clover of two types: single-crop (Perm local variety) and double-crop (Trio variety). The purpose of our research was to identify the features of the yield formation of dry matter of one-and two-crop red clover depending on agrometeorological conditions. Field experiments were carried out in nine tabs on the sod-podzolic heavy-loamy medium-cultivated soils on the training and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Agro-Technological University. During the experiments, conventional methods were used. Growing periods were contrasting, the years 2000, 2005, 2008-2010 were weakly arid, 2001 was dry, 2004 and 2011 were wet, 2007 – extra wet. Considered varieties provide each year and in average for years of studies the same yields. At the same time, the yield of clover varieties depended on agrometeorological conditions. The minimum yield of 2.3-2.9 t/ha of dry matter was formed in the dry year 2010 at the index of environment -4.8, and the maximum yield – 9.1-10.8 t / ha in 2000-2001 and 2011 at the index 2.5-2.7. The analysis according to the yield of dry matter single- and double crop varieties of red clover of the first year of use and agrometeorological conditions allows the conclusion that the formation of the harvest of the first mowing to a greater degree depends on the amount of active temperatures, and that of the second mowing depends more on the amount of rainfall in a period of regrowth before mowing ripeness.

Key words: red clover, variety, index, environment, hydro-thermal coefficient, yield, dry matter, a linear correlation.

pp. 35-41

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM AFTERACTION OF LIME AND APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASS  (=PDF=)

N. V. Bulatova, Researcher

N. T. Chebotarev, Dr. Agr. Sci.

N. V. Regorchuk, Head of the Agrochemical Laboratory

Research Institute of Agriculture of the Republic of Komi

27, Rucheynaya St., Syktyvkar, the Republic of Komi, Russia, 167023

E-mail: bulatova-n18@yandex.ru   

ABSTRACT

The research was carried out on a trial field of the Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture of the Republic of Komi in the conditions of perennial field stationary experiment. The research was conducted on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil. In the year of experiment (1983), dolomite powder was introduced in a dose of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 according to the values of hydrolytic acidity (h.a.) for its neutralization (when рНKCI is equal to 3.9-4.4). The follow up research dealt with the effect of liming on changes in the acid–base properties of soil and productivity of cultivated grasses with the annual application of mineral fertilizers (N30-60P30-45K45-60). It is established that a single liming of high-acid soil in doses of 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 h.a. has a long neutralizing effect on soil acidity, decreases a high content of exchange aluminum in soil to a harmless for plants level, increases the number of exchangeable bases in soil. In the 6th year, dolomite powder introduced in a dose of 1.0 h.a. decreased a high level of soil acidity to a low (pH 5.1), in doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h.a. – close to neutral (pH 5.6-6.0). In the 8th year of dolomite action, the content of exchange aluminum in soil decreased to a zero level. The most neutralizing effect of ameliorant in doses of 1.0-2.5 h.a. was observed in the 10th year after application. 32 years since dolomite powder was applied in a dose of 1.0 h.a., soil remained at a medium acid level (pH 4.6), in doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h.a – at a slightly acid level (pH 5.1-5.6) close to a neutral. The degree of exchangeable bases saturation was 72-77%, which indicates a weak need for soil liming. Liming in doses of 0.25 and 0.5 h.a. was insufficient to neutralize an increased acidity of soil. The reaction of soil medium remained strongly acid. Annual application of mineral fertilizers against afteraction of lime in a dose of 2.5 h.a. in 2011-2015 provided the highest productivity of perennial grasses – in average 3.5 thousands of forage units per 1 ha.

Key words: dolomite powder, dose, mineral fertilizers, soil acidity, aluminum, exchange bases.

pp. 42-48

SEEDING TIME AND RATE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SPRING RAPE CULTIVATION FOR SEEDS  (=PDF=)

E. F. Vafina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Assoc. Professor

I. Sh. Fatykhov, Doctor Agr. Sci., Professor

Ch. M. Islamova, Cand. Agr. Sci.

Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, 426069, Russia

Email: vaf-ef@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Seed yield formation of spring rape at different seeding time and seeding rates were studied during three vegetative seasons (2007-2009). Three dates of seeding (factor А) – 1) early (seeding was carried out at possible early date – 3 days after it) (control); 2) medium (seeding 6-12 days after the early possible date; 3) late (seeding 15-21 days after the possible early) and four seeding rates (factor В), pcs. of germinating seeds per 1 hectare: 1) 1 million pcs, 2) 2 million pcs 3) 3 million pcs (control), 4) 4 million pcs were studied in the field experiment. Experiments were launched in sod-mesopodzol middle loamy soil. The content of topsoil: humus – 2.00-2.25%, labile phosphorus – 205-288 mg/kg of soil, exchangeable potassium – 163-331 mg/kg of soil, exchangeable acidity – 5.6. Spring rape Galant formed the highest seed yield of 1.43 t/ha when seeded at medium time with the seeding rate of 3 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare. With these seeding parameters 118 pcs/m2 of cultivated plants, each having 52 seedpods and 595 seeds, were preserved by harvesting time. A higher seed yield is conditioned by development of the optimum area of leaves of 40.3 thousand m2/ha of leaves area, allowing formation of photosynthetic potential equal to 1,709 thousand m2 × day/ha. Each of 1000 units of photosynthetic potential of mid-term seeding with seeding rate of 3 million germinating seeds per 1 ha produced 0.84 kg of rape seeds.

Key words: spring rape, seeding time, seeding rates, variety, photosynthesis.

pp. 48-53

THE EFFECT OF LIMING ACID SOIL ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES (RESEARCH STUDIES IN PERMSKII KRAI)  (=PDF=)

V. A. Voloshin, Dr. Agr. Sci.

Perm Agricultural Research Institute, Urals Branch of RAS

12, Kultury St., Lobanovo, Permskii Krai, Russia, 614532

E-mail: pniish@rambler.ru   

ABSTRACT

The review of scientific information on the role of liming sod-podzolic soils in the Permskii Krai in the cultivation of perennial legumes (meadow clover, white clover, alfalfa, eastern galega, and sainfoin) is presented in the paper. It was revealed that the cultivation of perennial legumes in the Permskii Krai can be effective only with soil liming. When liming occurs, the displacement of the reaction in the soil solution is favorable for legumes: in the experiments conducted at the Perm State Agricultural Institute (now Perm State Agro-Technological University) with the introduction of lime at the full dose of Ng in the fifth year after the introduction the shift occurred in pH from 4.9 (without lime) to 5.8. The highest yields of clover obtained by liming with half and full doses of hydrolytic acidity – 3.53 and 3.64 t/ha of dry weight, respectively; in alfalfa – 5.22 t/ha and 4.77 t/ha, respectively. For white clover, it was proved to be the optimal one and a half of the dose of lime – the yield of dry weight in this variant, even without mineral fertilizers in the second year of life amounted to 3.24 t/ha. The highest yields of the dry mass of eastern galega 5.2 and 5.8 t/ha were obtained with one and half and double doses of lime, respectively. In sainfoin, from one hectare 5.43 and 5.56, 5.92 tons of dry weight were obtained during liming with full, one and half and double doses, respectively. Liming of sod-podzolic acidic soils has a beneficial effect on the quality of the green mass of clover. On variants with lime, introduced at full and one and a half doses of hydrolytic acidity, crude protein in dry matter was 20.23-20.52 %, which is 0.65 — 0.94% more than in the variant without lime. In alfalfa at similar doses of lime, the content of crude protein reached 23% against lime, in eastern galega – 23.5. Well-developed grassland clover accumulates in the roots and leftovers 229.2 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil, while without lime – 155.6 kg/ha; in alfalfa – 276.0 and 73.1 kg/ha, respectively.

Key words: lime, red clover, alfalfa changeable, white sweet clover, eastern galega, sandy sainfoin, yield.

pp. 54-59

YIELD CAPACITY, PROTEIN CONTENT AND QUALITY OF GLUTEN IN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE EXPERIMENTS OF THE URAL SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE  (=PDF=)

N.L. Zobnina,Senior Researcher

G.N. Potapova,Cand. Agr. Sci., Leading Researcher

Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – division of Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific and Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

21, Glavnaya St., Yekaterinburg, 620061, Russia

E-mail: uralniishoz@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted in the Sverdlovskaya Oblast to identify the link between yield capacity of winter wheat grain and certain parameters of its technological quality –mass fraction and quality of wet gluten in wheat grains and mass fraction of protein. In 2015-2016, ten crop varieties of different geographical origin were studied. The years of research were contrasting in weather conditions, despite this, the most part of studied samples were characterized by a high quality of grain. On average, the yield capacity of varieties ranged from 1.7 t/ha (the Moscovskaya 39) to 3.4 t/ha (the Bezenchukskaya 380). On average for 2 years of research, the highest content of protein and gluten was observed in the Kazanskaya 560 variety — 15.2% (confidence interval 14.2 ± 0.6 %) and 36.1 % (33.2 ± 2.0 %), respectively. The maximum amount ​​of protein and gluten in the majority of studied varieties was noted in 2015. Correlation analysis was carried out, the interrelations between quality indicators and yield capacity of winter wheat varieties were determined. The link between yield capacity and mass fraction of protein and gluten is revealed. The correlation between yield capacity and protein and gluten content in grain was equal to r = -0.29 and r = -0.50 in 2015, r = -0.07 and r = 0.25 in 2016, respectively. In both years of research, strong significant relations of protein mass fraction and gluten mass fraction in grain were noted (r = 0.89 in 2015, r = 0.69 in 2016). The average contingency of mass fraction of gluten with its quality was obtained in 2015 (r = 0.57) and the negative weak in 2016 (r = -0.22). The conducted studies have shown the possibility of obtaining a high-quality grain of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Middle Urals. The obtained results allow selecting winter-hardy and productive varieties for cultivating this crop in the Sverdlovskaya Oblast on a larger scale.

Key words: winter soft wheat, variety, yield, protein, gluten, gluten quality.

pp. 60-66

INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THE MICROTUBERS FORMATION IN VITRO AND THEIR USE IN ORIGINAL POTATO SEED PRODUCTION  (=PDF=)

M. K. Koksharova, Сand. Аgr. Sci.

F. R. Lepp, Senior Researcher

L. A. Kelik, Senior Researcher

Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – division of the Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

21, Glavnaya St., Ekaterinburg, 620061 Russia

Е-mail: mkoksharova1954@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Optimum conditions of light and heat for growth and development of potato microtubers in a test-tube culture are analyzed. It is noted that in the autumn-winter period, the most intensive nodulation occurs at an average daily temperature of 16-18°C and under natural lighting. It was found that nodules had formed 100 per cent of plants. In conditions of darkness, the greatest number of microtubers was also obtained at an average daily growth temperature of 16-18°C, and 89.2 per cent of plants were with nodules. The possibility of using microtubers in vitro as planting material has been studied. Field experiments were layed out with microtubers on the Mostovskoy drained peatbog of the Ural SRIA. The productivity of microtubers planted directly in the open ground on peat soils was 357 g per bush, the growth coefficient was 12.6 tubers per plant, and the yield was 13.4 t per ha. The yield of the standard of a test-tube culture parent material was 10.5 t per ha, which is 22 % lower than microtubers. It was proved that seed grain from microtubers in a seed field of the first tuber generation corresponded to seed grain of a test-tube culture. The productivity of microtuber plants was on the level of 608-659 g per bush, and the yield was 23.2-25.0 t per ha. In a seed field of super-superelite (highest quality seeds) the yield of seed grain from microtubers was from 28.9 to 30.7 t per ha, which is 6.6 and 8.4 t per ha more than in control (meristem tubers). The results of the field experiments confirmed the high quality of seed grain of the Irbitsky potato variety from microtubers, which is equal to a test-tube culture. The potato yield was 30.7 t per ha. On the tuber yield from 1 hectare of planting, the advantage was in favor of microtubers. Tubers have been obtained for 27-38 thousand pieces more than from the seed grain of a test-tube culture.

Key words: potatoes, microtubers, a test-tube culture, productivity, yield, growth coefficient, microtuber yield, number of plants, light period, temperature.

pp. 66-71

INFLUNCE OF BASIC METHODS OF SOIL TILLAGE WITH AN APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS ON THE CONTENT OF MAIN MINERAL NUTRIENTS  (=PDF=)

E. V. Kuzina, Саnd. Аgr. Sci.,

Ulyanovsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture

19, Institutskaya St., p. Timiryazevskiy, Ulyanovskiy Raion, Ulyanovskay Oblast, 433315, Russia

E-mail: elena.kuzina@autorambler.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research results on studying the influence of conventional ridge and flat tillage as well as fine mulch, coulisse ridge, no-tillage, and norms of fertilizers on the content of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The experiments were laid out in 2010-2016, on black heavy loamy soils, typical for the most farms of the Ulyanovskaya Oblast. Fertilizers in doses of N₀P₀K₀; N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀; N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ were applied under treatment for сrop rotation. It is established that coulisse ridge tillage with subsoil plowing had the best nitrification capacity on the natural ground, the weighted average of nitrate nitrogen content was equal to 3.94 mg/100 g, which is by 37% higher than no-tillage, 45% than fine tillage, and by 57-58% than conventional ridge and flat tillage. Plowing improved the conditions of phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 14-27% and 6-11% in comparison with other tillage. When N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ and N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ were introduced into the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 48 and 84%, phosphorus and potassium by 6-17% compared to the non-fertilized ground.

Key words: plowing, no-tillage, flat tillage, minimum tillage, coulisse ridge tillage, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

pp. 72-79

INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PURE FALLOW TILLAGE AND SEEDS TREATMENT ON THE YIELD OF WINTER CROPS IN MIDDLE PREDURALIE  (=PDF=)

T. I. Lebedeva, Post-Graduate Student

Iu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sc., Professor

N. Yu. Kamensky, Cand. Agr. Sc.

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russia, 614000

E-mail: missis.tanya90@mail.ru.

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of various methods of tillage in a clean pair (plowing, flat cutting, disking in two tracks) in combination with seed dressing with alkamon DSU, TPS and benomyl 500, SP (recommended for the protection of cereals)on the winter cereals productivity. In addition to the fungicide benomyl 500 approved for use in the Russian Federation, a new drug alkamon DSU, TPS (methylsulfate-alkoxymethyldiethylammonium), which has fungitoxic effect was studied. Field experiments were conducted in 2015, 2016 and 2017 on the training and scientific experimental field of the Perm SATU on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils. As a research object, winter triticale (Bashkir short-stem cultivar), winter wheat (Moscow 39 variety), winter rye (Falenskaia variety 4) were used. Agro-techniques in the conducted experiments corresponded to the scientific system of farming recommended for the Middle Peduralie. According to the agrochemical characteristics, the soil of the experimental field was medium-cultivated. The effectiveness of resource-saving methods is shown in comparison with the traditional treatment of soil on pure fallow. Resource-saving methods of soil cultivation had a positive effect on yield, and seed dressing agents provide an increase in yield. On average, in three years, the highest yield was obtained in the crops of winter triticale of the Bashkir short-stemmed variety (3.65 t / ha). The obtained productivity of winter crops is confirmed by indicators of the structure of yield, the best productivity of the spike. The studied drug alkamon DSU, TPN, as a low-toxic and environmentally safe drug, it is advisable to use as a seed disinfectant on winter cereal crops, in combination with resource-saving methods of tillage in a clean pair. The high competitive ability of winter cereals in relation to weed vegetation is noted. The processing with a flat disk harrow helped to reduce the degree of weediness of winter grain crops, the number of weed plants was in the range of 6-30 pcs/m² at the level of the economic threshold (EPO) for plants.

Key words: winter crops, steam processing, productivity, plowing, subsurface plowing, disking.

pp. 79-86

CULTIVATION OF BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL FOR FODDER PURPOSES IN ONE-SPECIES AND MIXED AGROPHYTOCENOSIS  (=PDF=)

Zh. S. Nelyubina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Researcher

N. I. Kasatkina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Researcher

«Udmurt Research of Agriculture” – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Izhevsk, Russia

1, Lenina St., Pervomaysky, Zavyalovsky District, Udmurt Republic, Russia, 427007

E-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

In connection with the topicality of energy saving tasks and increasing the production of high-protein fodder, one of the promising legumes is bird’s-foot trefoil, capable of growing on soils with high acidity, having high winter hardiness and drought resistance, and also excellent fodder quality. Experiments on the study of the fodder productivity of bird’s-foot trefoil depending on the composition of the grass mixture (2003-2008) and also on agrotechniques (2011-2017) were carried out in conditions of the Udmurt Republic on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils. It was revealed that trefoil in the one-species agrophytocenosis formed the highest yield of dry matter (4.9-5.2 t / ha) using the following agrotechnical methods: sowing without cover, with a wide-row method with a seeding rate of 6-7 million pieces of fertile seeds per hectare, or ordinary row method with a rate of 8-9 million pieces of fertile seed per hectare. Mixed sowings of bird’s-foot trefoil with timothy grass and meadow clover provided fodder productivity at the level of 8.1-9.4 t / ha. The yield of dry matter of agrophytocenoses with trefoil was in the direct average and strong correlation dependence on the grass stand density (r = 0.54 … 0.84) and plant height (r = 0.52 … 0.96).

Key words: bird’s-foot trefoil, one-species and mixed agrophytocenosis, yield of dry matter, yield structure, correlation.

pp. 86-92

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALFALFA VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF URAL  (=PDF=)

M. A. Tormozin, Cand. Agr. Sci.;

A. E. Nagibin, Cand. Agr. Sci.;

A. A. Zyryantseva, Researcher

FSBSI “Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture”

21, Glavnaya St., Yekaterinburg, 620061 Russia

Е-mail: tormozinma@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents information about the yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of the alfalfa’s herbage in the seed-plot in different years. The seed-plot was founded in 2015. During the summer coverless sowing, varieties of domestic and foreign selection were studied, 21 in total. In the second year of life (2016), rapid growth in spring was noticed in the following alfalfa varieties (Medicago Sativa): from Denmark – Relaks, Fortuna, SuperNova, Gibraltar; from the Netherlands – Artemis, Alfa; domestic varieties (represented by Medicago Polymorpha) – Nakhodka, Uralochka, Darya. In the third year of life (2017), rapid growth was noticed in the following alfalfa varieties (Medicago Sativa): from the Netherlands – Artemis, Alfa; domestic varieties (represented by Medicago Polymorpha) – Sarga, Uralochka, Victoria.  Most of the foreign varieties to the harvest time were formed by green little beans with unripe seeds. The seeds’ weight from one plant was low, from 0.89 to 7.96 g. The protein content, as a rule, in the first hay harvest is slightly less (17.0 — 21.7 per cent) than in the second one (17.9 — 22.8 per cent). It should be emphasized that alfalfa has a high content of calcium and a low content of phosphorus. According to the fodder units’ provision in 1 kg of dry matter (DM), which allows comparing the total nutritional value of crop in the hay harvest, the next varieties were noticeable: Victoria, Darya, Alfa, in the second one – Sarga, Vela, Verko. In 2018 (the 4th year of life), the rapid growth rates were noticed in the varieties of domestic selection-Victoria, Izumrud, Darya. Separated samples can be used in the selection process.

Key words: alfalfa, yield, seeds, fodder, nutritional value, chemical composition, crude protein, leaf coverage.

pp. 93-99

INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION METHODS OF TWO INTERMEDIATE CROPS IN A CROP ROTATION AND FOLLOWING SPRING WHEAT ON A WEEDINESS AND YIELD CAPACITY OF CROPS  (=PDF=)

P.A. Ukhov, Post-Graduate Student

A.M. Lentochkin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor

The Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

16, Kirova St., Izhevsk, 426069, Russia

E-mail: petrukhov@icloud.com

P.E. Shirobokov, Cand. Agr. Sci.

«Put Ilyicha» joint-stock company of the Zavyalovskiy district

Yakshur, 427014, the Udmurt Republic, Russia

E-mail: pet7086@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The efficiency of «winter rape — spring crops — spring wheat» crop rotation, where the first two crops were intermediate in their purpose, was studied on the fields of «Put Ilyicha» joint-stock company in the Zavyalovskiy district of the Udmurt Republic in 2015-2017. It is established that direct seeding technology leads to a low yield capacity and an increase in weediness with each following crop in a crop rotation. On average, the quantity of weed plants in winter rape was equal to 29 units/m², in spring intermediate crops – 45 units/m², and in spring wheat – 87 units/m². The number of weed plants increased threefold. Moreover, the main part of weeds in spring wheat was presented by a perennial malignant weed – couch grass (Agropyron repens). Treatment of intermediate crops with a disk harrow (used as a green manure) allowed reducing the negative effect of direct seeding by decrease in the number of weeds and increase in yield capacity of crops. Therefore, after treatment of winter rape with a disk harrow, the yield capacity of green mass of spring intermediate crops increased up to 45.3 t/ha (control — 13.7 t/ha, НСР₀₅ = 5.3 t/ha), and the yield capacity of spring wheat grain up to 16.1 t/ha (control — 11.1 t/ha, НСР₀₅ = 0.24 t/ha). An increase in yield capacity after the use of winter rape as a green manure and its following treatment with a disk harrow made it possible to obtain profitability of 22.2 % at prime cost of products converted into grain units – 6.5 rubles/grain units. The «green fodder» variant was the most expensive – 32286 rubles/ha and had a negative value of profitability (-3.4%).

Keywords: spring wheat, predecessors, intermediate crops, green manure, weediness, direct seeding.

pp. 100-105

LUX POTATO VARIETY: PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING THE QUALITATIVE ORIGINAL MATERIAL WITH A HIGH QUANTITATIVE YIELD OF MINI-TUBERS IN AERO-HYDROPONIC MODULE  (=PDF=)

E.P. Shanina,Dr. Agr. Sci.

M.A. Stafeeva,Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Researcher

A.N. Kovalev, Post-Graduate Student, Junior Researcher

Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – division of Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific and Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

21, Glavnaya St., Poselok Istok, Yekaterinburg, 620061

E-mail: shanina08@yandex.ru , stafeeva-marija@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The influence of artificial lighting on quantitative yield and qualitative indicators of potato mini-tubers cultivated on an aero-hydroponic module was studied in Potato Selective and Technological Center of the Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture. The experiment included three variants of artificial lighting. 250 Watt DNaT (sodium arc) lamp and 36 Watt LED lamp were taken as a control variant. Two variants involved application of LED lamps produced in Yekaterinburg with a power of 70 W and 140 W. The research results revealed that the conditions of artificial lighting used in aero-hydroponic installations had a strong impact on quantitative yield of mini-tubers. In this regard, it is necessary to select lighting sources in order to create optimal conditions for growth and development of plants, process of tuber formation. In the control variant, the total yield and yield of tubers from one plant were higher for each subsequent harvest. However, the average mass of one tuber fraction > 15.0 mm in diameter was higher when LED lamps with a power of 70 W and 140 W were used. Significant differences on starch content in obtained mini-tubers were not found between the control variant and the variants with 70 W and 140 W LED lamps. With an application of 70 W lamps, the starch content was lower by 0.1-0.8%. The obtained mini-tubers had typical for the variety shape. Tubers with signs of fungal or bacterial diseases were not detected.

Key words: potatoes, mini-tubers, aero-hydroponic module, nutrient solution, total salt content (EC), pH level, light regime.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 106-111

PREVENTION OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA IN DOGS IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE DILATATION-GASTRIC TORSION  (=PDF=)

A. V. Belov, Post-Graduate Student;

D. F. Ibishov, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor;

S. L. Rastorguyeva, Senior Lecturer,

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: vnb@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

A retrospective study of a group of large-breed dogs was conducted on the basis of the veterinary clinic «Klyk+», in Perm, Permskii Krai. In the course of the study, we analyzed 10 case histories, dogs with acute gastric dilatation, the key parameters of patient selection were body weight from 40 kg, age from 3 to 5 years, uncastrated males. All patients entered the clinic complaining of a sharp increase in the abdomen. The dogs were examined by a physician; their habitus, physiological parameters, auscultation of the lungs and heart, palpation and percussion of the abdominal cavity were evaluated. Special diagnostic methods were presented: tonometry of blood pressure, as well as clinical and biochemical analysis of blood and radiography of the abdominal cavity. Then the dogs were given specific therapy, surgical intervention and intensive therapy in a hospital. One group of patients received infusion with a constant rate of lidocaine immediately after the diagnosis, the second group only after ascertaining ventricular tachyarrhythmia. After analyzing the survival of patients in groups, the effectiveness of early use of lidocaine was proven, as prevention of arrhythmias and reduction of cardiac mortality in acute gastric dilatation.

Key words: dogs, acute gastric dilatation, arrhythmias, lidocaine.

pp. 111-115

THE STUDY OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE TAMBEI BLOCK, ITS THERMO-SUBLIMATORY BASE, ESSENTIAL OILS OF LEMON, FIR, AND THEIR MIXTURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW VETERINARY PREPARATIONS ON THEIR BASIS  (=PDF=)

V. V. Maslova ^1,3, Research Engineer;

S. U. Solodnikov ^2,3, Cand. Med. Sci., Associate Professor;

G. А.Triandafilova ^1,3, Junior Researcher;

E. I. Yakovleva ²;

E. D. Gapechkina ²

¹ Applied Chemical and Biochemical Research Center

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

29, Komsomolskiy Prospekt , Perm, 614990, Russia

² Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy

101, Yekaterininskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

³ Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

ABSTRACT

The acute inhalation toxicity of veterinary preparation called the Tambei thermo-sublimatory block, its thermo-sublimatory base, essential oils of lemon, fir, and their mixture was determined. The research was carried out in the Applied Chemical and Biochemical Research Center of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. The toxicity of the Tambei® preparation was studied at time of exposure equal to 30 and 240 minutes. The toxicity of the Tambei thermo-sublimatory base, essential oils of fir, lemon, and their mixture was studied at the exposure time of 30 minutes. Acute toxicity was investigated on the 1 white mice of CD line. The following concentrations were researched: fir oil — 0.25 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l and 3 g/ l, lemon oil — 3g/l, a mixture of oils — 0.6 g/l (0.3 g/l of fir oil and 0.3 g/l of lemon oil) and 3 g/l (1.5 mg/l of fir oil and 1.5 mg/l of lemon oil). Concentrations in a range from 60 to 109 mg/l and from 16 to 63 mg/l, respectively, were used for determination of acute toxicity (CL₅₀) of the Tambei preparation and its thermos-sublimatory base. It is established that toxicity of the thermo-sublimatory block is determined by the toxicity of its thermo-sublimatory base, which grows with an increase in time of exposure. The toxicity of essential oils of fir, lemon, and their mixture allows us to classify them as low-toxic substances (CL₅₀> 3000 mg/l). The combination of oils has a pronounced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. Mixture of lemon and fir oils represents a prospective combination for the development of new veterinary preparation on its basis.

Key words: thermo-sublimatory block, essential oils, acute toxicity.

pp. 115-122

THIGH AND SHIN BONING SPECIFICS WITH BROILER CHICKENS FED WITH DIFFERENT SAPROPEL FORMS  (=PDF=)

S. Yu. Nikolaeva, Post-Graduate Student

Yu. V. Arzhankova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor

State Agricultural Academy of Velikie Luki,

2, Lenin Ave, Pskov Oblast, 182112 Velikie Luki, Russia

E-mail: dina350@mail.ru  

ABSTRACT

A scientific and economy experiment was conducted in the vivarium of the Department for Zootechnology and Animal Produce Processing of the State Agricultural Academy of Velikie Luki. The research goal was to study thigh and shin boning with the «Ross 308» cross of broiler chickens that were fed a full ratio of mixed fodders supplemented with sapropel-based additives. Chickens of the 1st experimental group were fed mixed fodders and drinking water with sapropel extract (1% of the volume), in the 2nd group fodders were supplemented with 2.5% sapropel, the 3rd group chickens – a 10% sapropel-based green mass instead of the respective amount of mixed fodders. Broilers were kept until the 56-day age to receive an anatomically viable carcass. Feeding with sapropel in its different forms made a positive impact onto the meat productivity of broiler chickens and proved the use of local fodders to substitute expensive concentrate fodders. Thigh mass, fillet and meat indices in all broiler chicken of experimental groups were higher than those in the control group, chicken sex not being considered. Fillet, thigh and shin meat indices appeared to be the best in the 1st experimental group, the lowest – in the 3rd group. Thigh fillet mass in the 1st group averaged 360.75 g, relative fillet amount – 83.08%. The shin mass averaged 286.08 g with a relative shin fillet amount of 68.76%. Thigh meat index was 18.50 g/cm, that of shins – 10.67 g/cm. The above values can be compared with respective ones of other experimental groups – 302.50-314.68 g, 74.04-76, 31%, 231.98-275.45 g, 66.26-66.80 %, 15.44-16.57 g/cm, 8.27-9.64 g/cm.

Key words: broiler chickens, sapropel, boning, thigh, shin, fodder additives.

pp. 122-126

MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC ASSESSMENT OF MEAT OF PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED SWINE  (=PDF=)

E. K. Pankova, Assistant

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: ekaterina.pankova1986@mail.ru   

ABSTRACT

Breeding of hybrid swine should be considered as a very important and promising direction due to its increased indices of meat production and the most optimal ratio between muscle and fat tissue in animal’s carcass. The research was carried out in the conditions of «Zolotoy Telenok» swine farm located in Tchaikovsky district of Perm Kray. The paper presents morphological composition and its organoleptic assessment of swine meat of different cross-breeding variants. Organoleptic assessment of meat and finished products has primary importance in consumer choice. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of organoleptic properties of meat is necessary to determine its consumer properties and to choose economically right way of its further processing. It is established that pork obtained from crossbred animals is characterized by good organoleptic qualities in color, smell, appearance and consistency that meets the requirements of GOST 9959-2015 (state standard). It is also distinguished by optimal morphological composition of half-carcass. During the research, piglets of the fifth group (KBxY)xLN perform the best morphological composition of half-carcass and organoleptic properties of meat that contained more protein and less fat.

Key words: muscle, carcass, pigs, meat, bones, fat, protein, quality, young, purebred, crossbred animals.

pp. 127-130

SALMONELLA ISOLATION FROM MEAT PRODUCTS BACTERIZED WITH PROTEUS SPP. AND SALMONELLA SPP.  (=PDF=)

E. O. Chugunova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Аssociate Professor,

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia

Е-mail: chugunova.elen@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article considers the problem of Salmonella isolating from meat and meat products contaminated with concomitant microflora, particularly, from the aggregation with Proteus spp. The research was carried out in Perm in 2018. The aim of study was to obtain typical colonies of Salmonella spp. from microbial aggregation in tested meat products. The material for research was samples of chicken meat products with high total microbial contamination which were artificially contaminated with Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Inoculation dose ranged from 101 to 108 of Salmonella and Proteus microbial bodies. Being inhibitors of foreign microflora and Proteus, propylene glycol and bacteriophage were applied into the medium for non-selective enrichment of Salmonella. Samples of meat products were divided into two groups, control and experimental. The control group was examined according to GOST 31659-2012 (state standard), the experimental group was exposed to inhibitors. After non-selective enrichment, materials were transferred to agar medium. As a result, routine method of research did not allow isolating salmonella from artificially contaminated meat products and took 90±0.0 hours for the analyses, whilst isolating of typical colonies from the prototypes was successful. It is established that applied inhibitors did not change and affect biochemical and serological properties of Salmonella. Time spent on prototype samples research was inversely related to the number of Salmonella cells inoculated to those samples and ranged from 72.0±0.0 to 76.8±8.39 that is less than in control group. In order to increase the effectiveness of Salmonella isolation from meat and meat products, we recommend injecting 7.0 сm3 of propylene glycol and 2.5 сm3 of Proteus bacteriophage in 225 сm3 of buffered peptone water.

Key words: Salmonella, Proteus, propylene glycol, bacteriophages, meat products.

pp. 131-137

PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF SWINE FED WITH ORGANIC ACIDIFIER (=PDF=)

E. V. Shatskikh, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor

FSBEI HE Urаl SAU

42, Karla-Libknekhta St., Yekaterinburg, 620075, Russia

E-mail: evshackih@yandex.ru

T. A. Fadeeva, Head of the nursery section

«Svinokompleks Uralskiy»

1, Pionerskaya St., Bogdanovich, Sverdlovskaya Oblast, 623530, Russia

E-mail: t.fadeeva75@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The assessment of productive indicators (live weight, average daily gain, safety of livestock) and the analysis of biological qualities (morpho-biochemical parameters of blood, clinical and physiological parameters, behavioral responses) of young swine received the Aqua-Acid organic acidifier are presented. The research was carried out in the conditions of «Svinokompleks Uralskiy» Joint Stock Company in Sverdlovskaya Oblast. Three groups of piglets at the age of 35 days (1control and 2 experimental, 500 heads in each group) were formed taking into account the breed and live weight. The control group received complete mixed fodder as a main diet. A the same time, in addition to the main diet, the first and the second experimental groups were fed with the Aqua-Acid acidifier for 10 days from the 69th to the 79th day of life (nursery period) in a dose of 0.5 and 0.9 mg per day, respectively. It is established that by the end of research, swine at the age of 176 days (the end of feeding period) from the 1^st and the 2^nd experimental groups exceeded their analogs from control group by 1.01 and 1.03% (P≤0.01) in live weight and by 0.9 and 4.5% in average daily gain, respectively. Feeding the Aqua-Acid organic acidifier to piglets does not adversely affect morpho-biochemical blood parameters as well as clinical and physiological parameters, being accompanied by variability within the physiological norm. The undertaken ethological studies showed that the piglets received the organic acidifier were calmer, inclined to long rest, while consumed water and fodder more actively. The greatest biological prolonging effect of the studied Aqua-Acid doses had a dosage of 0.9 mg for a head per day from the 69th to the 79th day of nursery period.

Key words: swine, nursery period, feeding live weight, safety of livestock, behavioral responses.