PROCESSES AND MACHINERY OF AGRO-ENGINEERING SYSTEMS

pp. 4-8

ON THE EFFECT OF NON-SYMMETRIC CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE OF RAW MATERIAL IN THE PRE-MATRIX ZONE OF EXTRUDERS (=PDF=)

E. V. Pepelyaeva, Cand, Eng. Sci.,

V. S. Koshman, Cand. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor

Perm State Agro-Technological University

23, Petropavlovskaya St, Perm, 614990, Russia

E-mail: tsat@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The subject of research is the interrelation between the temperature T and the pressure p of extrusion, which values have a significant effect on the characteristics and quality of fodders. An expression is proposed for calculating the barothermic energy conversion efficiency of extruder:
 η = (N_P + N_T) / N_PR, where N_PR is the power of drive gear, and N_P and N_T are, respectively, the power expended to an increase in the pressure in extruder flow channels and in the enthalpy of processing raw materials. When the condition of constancy N_PR η and mass supply m are satisfied, an interrelation is established between the values of change in temperature dT and in pressure dp analytically expressed as , where ρ and с_р are the density and specific heat capacity of processing material in the pre-matrix zone; φ is the ascending angle of helix. For the case of winter rye, it was established that an increase in the temperature T of extrusion from 340 K by 1% entails a decrease in the pressure p from 3 MРa by 1.2%, whereas a decrease in the temperature in the pre-matrix zone entails, respectively, an increase in the pressure. This conforms to the data obtained in production conditions, where the change in temperature and pressure reach appreciable values. It is shown that similar interrelation between the increments dT and dp regarding to the cramped conditions of continuum can be obtained by the method of engineering hydraulics. Knowledge of interrelation between the temperature T and the pressure P of extrusion in a differential form is of particular interest for the design of automatic control systems of extruders operation.

Key words: energy dissipation, barothermic energy conversion efficiency of extruder, temperature of extrusion, pressure of extrusion, interrelation of parameters.

pp. 9-15

VALIDATION OF GRAIN MILL PARAMETERS OF CUTTING TYPE (=PDF=)

E. N. Peretyagin, Senior Lecturer
V. A. Anisimov, Cand. Tech. Sci, Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
113, Geroev Khasana St., Perm, 614025, Russia
E-mail: penpia@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the research of experimental forage grain mill of cutting type that was carried out on the Department of Technical Service and Machinery Repair of the Perm State Agro-Technological University. For this purpose, three-factor experiment on three levels was implemented. The following criteria of optimization were accepted: energy density EY; capacity Q, h/t; mean size of milled grain dср, mm. The following factors were chosen: frequency of rotation of a knife cone n, min-1; tilt angle of a knife cone β, deg.; tilt angle of a mill edge α, deg. Barley with average moisture of 12.4% was used as a milled material. The results were processed on personal computer in STATGRAPHICS Plus v.5.1 program. The experimental study on the cutting mill revealed that minimal energy consumption is equal to EY=0.98 kW•h/t of milled grain when factor values are α=22.520, β=69.490, n=240.26 min-1. Furthermore, a mean size of milled grain under above-mentioned values amounts to dcp=1.68 mm, capacity – 114 kg/h.

Key words: mill, grain, energy density, forage grain, cutting, capacity, knife cone, shear ring, pinching.

pp. 15-22

THE DEVICE FOR ASSESSING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF HYDRAULIC GEAR (=PDF=)

S. V. Pianzov, Post-Graduate Student
P. A. Ionov,Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
S. A. Velichko, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
A. M. Zemskov, Cand. Tech. Sci., Senior Lecturer
Ogarev Mordovia State National Research University
5, Rossijskaya St., Saransk, 430904, Russia

E-mail: serega.pyanzov@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The device for assessing the technical condition of hydraulic gear was developed at the Department of Technical Service of Machines of the Ogarev Mordovia State National Research University. Currently, the technical condition of hydraulic gear is determined by the performance parameters (declared by manufacturing plants), one of them is developed torque on the shaft of hydraulic motor. The study of existing methods and tools as well as the analysis of scientific and technical literature showed that the torque test method is the most prospective and easily realizable. A device for assessing the technical condition of hydraulic gear and a methodology for its use are proposed. A schematic diagram of a hydraulic loading device is developed for assessing the technical condition of hydraulic gear. At the first stage, a hydraulic loading device provides the necessary braking torque М_кр.исп, N∙m for determination of distribution (consumption) Q^м_исп, l/min of hydraulic unit in rated operating conditions. At the second stage, a loading device provides the necessary braking torque (up to the nominal or maximum pressure value) on the shaft of hydraulic motor under test. The following technical characteristics of loading reversing hydraulic pump are determined: speed frequency of shaft n^н_наг, rpm; distribution of pressure fluid Q^н_наг, l/min; pressure drop in hydrolines Δр_наг = (Р_{2 наг} – Р_{1 наг}) MPa. A formula is proposed for determination the developed torque on the shaft of tested hydraulic motor due to parameters of loading device (n^н_наг, rpm; Q^н_наг, l/min; Δр_наг,MPа; η^н_об.наг и η^н_гм.наг). The calculation of torque is carried out by recalculation on the driving (consumed) torque of loading reversing hydraulic pump. Thus, the developed hydraulic loading device will allow realization the dynamic test procedure for hydraulic gear and determination (control) the parameters of working capacity regulated by the manufacturing plants in the conditions of repair enterprises of technical service and maintenance of agricultural machinery.

Key words: hydraulic gear, energy conversion efficiency, torque, hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump, loading device, technical condition.

pp. 22-30

STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FEEDING UNIT OF GRAIN CRUSHER (=PDF=)

P. A. Savinykh, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor
V. A. Kazakov, Cand. Tech. Sci.
A. M. Moshonkin, Post-Graduate Student
Federal Agrarian Research Center of North-East
166a, Lenina St., Kirov, 610007, Russia
E-mail: priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru

ABSTRACT

Constructive-technological and structural design of grain crusher with feeding unit was developed for fodder production. Theoretical research of movement parameters of grain was conducted in order to improve technological process of forage crushing. The optimal value and direction of speed for grain movement V₀, which takes the least time to complete the working area by grain and provides the highest throughput in crushing process is determined: V₀ = V_max = ωR, where ωR is the linear speed on the working surfaces of crushing rollers of radius R rotating towards each other at the speed ω. The experimental (prototype) sample of grain crusher with feeding unit with rotating working body – feeding roller is made. The following experimental research of feeding unit was carried out: the influence of changes in circumferential speed (linear speed of the outer edges of blades) of feeding roller on the main technical and economic parameters such as throughput of the machine (t/h) and specific energy consumption (kW*h/t) during the technological process of crashed grain fodder production. It is established that the entry of grain into the crushing area of feeding unit at a rate equal or close to the circumferential speed of crushing rollers (8.5 m/s) leads to an increase in throughput of grain crusher from 0.596 t/h to 1.22 t/h (2.04 times), reduce in energy consumption during the process from 6.225 kW*h/t to 3.75 kW*h/t (1.6 times). Whereas, the best performance of obtaining the crashed fodder is observed in the interval of entering speed of grain in crushing area equal to 8…9 m/s, that practically corresponds to the circumferential speed of crushing rollers.

Key words: crushing, efficiency, fodder, consumption, grain, feeding unit, roller.

pp. 30-35

DETERMINATION METHOD OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MASS AND VOLUME OIL CONCENTRATION IN SEEDS AND THE RESULTS OF ITS USE (=PDF=)

E. V. Slavnov, Dr. Tech. Sci., Professor
Perm Federal Research Center of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1, Koroleva St., Perm, 614000, Russia
E-mail: slavnov@icmm.ru
M. A. Trutnev, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
A. V. Kostitsin, Post Graduate Student
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The research was carried out in the «Micromechanics of structurally nonuniform medium» laboratory of the Perm Federal Research Center of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in the laboratory of agrozootechnologies development of the Perm State Agro-Technological University. According to the State Standard of Russia No. 10857-64 (GOST 10857-64), one of the estimates of oil-seeds is oil content, in other words, mass concentration of oil in seeds – С_тм. However, mathematical description of oil pressing is carried out according to the equations, where medium is regarded as a two-component mixture containing liquid (oil) and solid (all the rest) components with corresponding densities ρ_м, ρ_пк. In this case, the volume concentration of oil , that is related to mass dependence , where a = ρ_пк / ρ_м is used in calculations. The density of solid component ρ_пк is difficult to determine. A special method was developed and experimental research was carried out on rape seeds and sunflower seeds in order to solve this problem and calculate the dependence of volume concentration on mass. The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first stage, the oil content of seeds (mass concentration of oil С_тм) and the density of oil extracted from these seeds are determined ρ_м. In the next stage, the sample of seeds is crushed, for example, by extrusion, for obtaining the «solution» of solid component in oil, its density is known. The prepared sample is weighted and placed in a cylinder with a well-fitted piston. The sample is compressed by pressure and its volume is calculated by the sample height in a cylinder where the area of inner diameter is known. The second stage involves calculation of the density of solid component and volume concentration С_vм. As a result, the following dependences were obtained:  – for rape seeds;  – for the core of sunflower seeds, which can be used for mathematical modeling of the process of oil pressing.

Key words: seeds, oil crops, oil content, mass concentration, volume concentration.

AGRONOMY

pp. 36-43

POSTCUT SOWINGS OF SPRING RAPE IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE GREEN FORAGE CHAIN (=PDF=)

A. V. Valitov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.; I. Yu. Kuznetsov, Dr. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor;
R. I. Abdulmanov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.; M. M. Abdullin, Сand. Аgr. Sci., Associate Professor;
B. G. Akhiyarov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.
Bashkir State Agrarian University
34, 50-letiya Octyabrya str., Ufa, 450001, Russia
E-mail: Valit_84@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Green fodders are of great importance in the feeding of farm animals. Obtained from perennial and annual fodder crops, they serve as the basis for receiving the cheapest products. The issues of postcut sowings of spring rape in the organization of the Green Forage Chain for cows and swine in various agricultural zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan are particular relevant. The research was carried out in 2007-2009 (practical part) as well as the designs for the Green Forage Chain was developed from 2007 to 2017 (theoretical part). Soil — chernozem leached heavy loam granulometric composition. Humus content in the soil was equal to 8.0-8.4%. The reaction of soil media in arable layer was weak acid (pH_KCI  5.4). The area of  plots in the experiments was 540 m² where 50 m² for accounting area, the replication was fourfold. The design of experiment was the following: 1) winter rye for green fodder; 2) winter rye for green fodder + postcut sowing of spring rape; 3) winter triticale for green fodder; 4) winter triticale for green fodder + postcut sowing of rape spring. The application of postcut sowings of rape in a mixture with winter rye, winter triticale in the Green Forage Chain plays an important role in its stability and enhances the yield capacity up to 48.1-51.3 t/ha of green mass. The yield of dry matter is equal to 8.3-8.8 t/ha, fodder units – 9.8-10.1 thousands per ha, which is much higher than the control indicators (winter rye). Increase in profitability up to 82.2-87.7% and formation of a full cycle of green forage available for use from May 15 to October 30 (in a mixture with other crops) is observed. The investigated crops can be successfully included into the Green Forage Chain for both cattle and swine.

Key words: postcut sowing, the Green Forage Chain, spring rape, winter rye, winter triticale.

pp. 44-49

ADAPTIVE REACTION OF OAT VARIETIES ON CHANGE IN TIME AND SPACE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS (=PDF=)

S. L. Eliseev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
E. F. Sataev, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: psaa-eliseev@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The aim of research is the assessment of oat varieties reaction on change in ecological conditions according to years and natural zones. The following data of the state variety testing were analyzed for the period of 2011-2017 in the four natural zones of Perm Krai: northern (Kudymkar), central (Nytva), south-eastern (Berezovsk), southern (Kueda). The object of research was presented by nine varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.) recommended for use in the territory of Perm Krai in 2018. The research was carried out in different weather conditions. 2016 was the driest year characterized by hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) equal to 0.9 during the vegetative period. In 2011-2014, hydrothermal conditions were close to average longstanding with HTC of 1.3; 1.4; 1.2; 1.7, respectively. Meteorological conditions for the period of 2015 and 2017 were highlighted by excessive moisture (HTC = 2.4 and 2.5). Ecological conditions in the natural zones of Perm Krai are significantly different as well. From northern to southern zones, annual precipitation decreases from 500-650 mm to 400-500 mm, while the sum of active temperature increases from 1500-1600 ºС to 1800-2000 ºС as well as frost-free period from 100-110 to 110-116 days. Natural fertility of sod-podzolic soils is defined by an increase in the bonitet score from 22-31 to 28-54, besides that, south-eastern zone contains soils of higher fertility such as gray forest soil and podzolized chernozems. Coefficients of adaptiveness, intensity and ecological stability were calculated. It is established that in the middle Preduralie of Perm Krai, the Tifon, the Stayer and the Concur oat varieties perform the highest adaptiveness in time and space. The observed varieties combine a high potential of intensity in favorable ecological conditions with a high stability in unfavorable ones according to years and natural zones.

Key words: oat, variety, ecological conditions, yield capacity, coefficients of adaptiveness, intensity, ecological stability.

pp. 49-54

THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING RATE ON THE DENSITY OF LAWN PHYTOCENOSIS BASED ON GRASSES OF DOMESTIC SELECTION (=PDF=)

Iu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci.; Ia. V. Subbotina, Cand. Agr. Sci.;
M. A. Striapunina, Post-Graduate Student
FSBEI HE Perm SATU
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the research on quality assessment of lawn grass mixtures to determine an optimal phytocenosis from cereal grasses of domestic selection that provides a formation of long-lasting lawn of high quality. Lawn cover of good quality consists of projective cover (%) and bulk density of grass stand (pcs/m²) formed by grasses for a vegetation period. The productivity of shoot formation (bulk density of grass stand) was estimated on a scale of 6 as well as general decorative value (projective cover) on a scale of 5.  In general, the quality of lawn cover was estimated on a scale of 30. Domestic cereal grasses were investigated in a pure form and in mixture under different sowing rates. Field germination capacity of lawns was equal to 69.3-90.3% despite rainy spring and prolonged seeding time. A good rate of field germination in the establishing year (up to 87%) allowed obtaining lawns of high quality with grass stand density of 13476 germinated seeds per m² and projective cover up to 75%. To the third year, all investigated grass stands have formed a sod matting of good and high quality with projective cover up to 98% and grass stand density of 40763 germinated seeds per m² with closed sod and weediness at most 3-4 weed plants/m². To the third year, lawns that contained red fescue of the Stella variety with dark green lamina had the most decorative look. In the first year, the projective cover of lawns in pure sowings of red fescue was equal to 79% and increased up to 95% to the third year. The projective cover in a mixture with the Liudmila and the Nadezhda meadow fescue amounted to only 71-77% but in a mixture with the prevalence of fescues – 73%. The investigated lawn covers are recommended to grow for decorative purposes in public parks and gardens. The inclusion of the Stella red fescue in lawn allows gaining the grass stands of good quality since the first year in a pure sowing or in mixture as well.

Key words: lawns, grass mixtures, cereal grasses, sod matting, quality of sod matting.

pp. 54-58

THE EFFECT OF TREATMENTS BY GROWTH STIMULANTS ON FERTILITY, BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED CLOVER OF THE PERM LOCAL VARIETY (=PDF=)

N. L. Kolyasnikova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
I. N. Kuzmenko, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: Kolyasnikova@list.ru

ABSTRACT

In 2014-2017, the phenology, growth and development biometrics, and fertility of reproductive organs of the Perm Local variety in control experiment and after treatment with growth stimulants were studied in the conditions of the Preduralie. The experiments were carried out in the educational and scientific trial field of the Perm State Agro-Technological University and in crop rotations of the educational and experimental farm. The following preparations were used: Agrostimul, Biosil, Buton. The flowering phase of red clover was observed from middle-late June till the end of July. The flowering process of the studied red clover is characterized by a daily peak of flowering at 1-3 o’clock in different years of research. Treatment by growth stimulants showed insignificant differences in growth and development biometrics of plants. The average pollen fertility was equal to 77-84%, but ovules fertility – 67-91%. The strongest effect on ovules fertility – 91% was achieved by Agrostimul, on pollen grain fertility – 84% by Biosil.

Key words: phenology, red clover, growth stimulants, fertility.

pp. 59-64

THE INFLUENCE OF SEEDING RATE ON SEED YIELD CAPACITY OF COMMON FLAX OF THE YELLOW-SEEDED SNEZHOK VARIETY (=PDF=)

T. A. Lekontseva, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
E. S. Statsenko, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
133, Oktyabrsky Prospect, Kirov, 610017, Russia
E-mail: cemenow2010@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The yellow-seeded Snezhok variety of common flax, which has two morphological markers (white flowers, light brown seeds) was selected in the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy. According to the results of the state variety testing, the variety performed a high productivity of seeds and was recommended to farms for seed cultivation. In this regard, the aim of research was to identify the optimal seeding rate for receiving the seeds of this variety. The research was carried out in the territory of the trial field of the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. Sowings with spaced seeding rates of 12, 9, 6 million of germinating seeds per 1 ha provided an additional yield of seeds equal to 7-11 gr/m² (LSD₀₅ – 6.6 gr/m2). A seeding rate of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha contributes to an increase in the rate of seed reproduction by 2.6 times. A seeding rate of 12 million germinating seeds per 1 ha is recommended for growing the yellow-seeded Snezhok variety of common flax in the conditions of Volga and Vyatka region.

Key words: common flax, seeding rate, seed yield capacity, yield structure, rate of reproduction.

pp. 65-70

STAGES AND METHODOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN AGRONOMY (=PDF=)

A. M. Lentochkin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
16 Kirov St., Izhevsk 426033 Russia
E-mail: lenalmih@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The scientific aspirations are extended to the entire World and all spheres of human activity. In this sphere, a human applies the certain methods, acts under certain principals. This approach organizes a scientific work, directs it to a step-by-step solution of the identified problem situation and helps in achievement of intended scientific goal. Stage approach and methodology of scientific and research activity are mainly determined by a scientific area and an object of research. The objects of research in agronomic science are usually crop and soil. Scientific research on agronomic topics is based on both general and specific methods of research. The number of scientific publications on the development of methodology for scientific research on agronomic topics is obviously insufficient. Whereas a well-developed methodology with highly-organized range of both theoretical and empirical methods contributes to failure reduction in solving the identified scientific issue and increase in success of working hypothesis as well as achievement the scientific goal.

Key words: agronomy, scientific research, stages of scientific work, methodology, methods of scientific research.

pp. 70-76

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRIMARY TILLAGE METHODS OF FALLOW LANDS ON WATER REGIME AT THE INTRODUCTION INTO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CYCLE (=PDF=)

R. V. Naumetov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.
M. M. Sabitov, Сand. Аgr. Sci.
Ulyanovsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture
19 Institutskaya St., Timiryazevskiy Poselok, Ulyanovskiy Rayon, Ulyanovskaya Oblast, 433315, Russia

E-mail: rnaumetov@list.ru, m_sabitov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of field experiments conducted in 2014-2017 in Ulyanovskaya Oblast. The aim of research is to study the effect of primary tillage of fallow lands on water regime at the introduction into agricultural production cycle. The soil of experimental plot is medium heavy loamy leached Chernozem with the following agrochemical characteristics: pH – 6.8, hydrolytic acidity – 1.20, the content of humus according to Tyurin – 5.48%, phosphorus – 20.3 and potassium (according to Chirikov) – 9.0 mg/100 g of soil. The research of water regime of soils in fallow lands, in fallow field, in sowings of winter and spring wheat was carried out by different methods of fallow land development. Four tillage systems for fallow soils were studied: conventional ridge tillage by PN 5-35 tool to a depth of 23-25cm; flat tillage by PN 5-35 tool to a depth of 23-25cm; coulisse ridge tillage by OP-3C tool to a depth of 13-15cm; fine tillage by PMM-3 tool to a depth of 13-15cm in a crop rotation with pure fallow. It is established that during the spring time, the highest reserves of productive moisture in the layer of 0-30 sm were observed after ploughing of 6.73 mm. The greatest total reserves of moisture in a meter layer of soil were highlighted in the variants with conventional ridge tillage and fine tillage – 138.0 and 143.7 mm, respectively. Significant decrease in moisture was observed after coulisse ridge tillage. After the harvesting of winter wheat, conventional ridge tillage had a positive effect on sedimentation and maintaining the atmospheric precipitation in a meter layer of soil in comparison with fine, coulisse ridge, and flat tillage. Fine tillage and flat tillage of 46.1 and 48.1 mm/t of grain, respectively, allow obtaining the minimal water consumption for grain formation. The greatest reserves of productive moisture in winter wheat were achieved in the variants with fine tillage and flat tillage. Minimal water consumption per unit of principal products was obtained after flat tillage of 47.8 mm/t of grain.

Key words: fallow lands, conventional ridge tillage, flat tillage, fine tillage, productive moisture, water regime, moisture discharge, pure fallow, winter wheat, spring wheat.

pp. 77-82

THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON YIELD CAPACITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION IN THE MIDDLE URALS (=PDF=)

V. V. Popova, Senior Researcher
N. N. Zezin, Dr. Agr. Sci.
Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – division of Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
21, Glavnaya St, Poselok Istok , 620061, Ekaterinburg

ABSTRACT

In 2011-2013, the assessment of perennial grasses, legumes and green manure crops as predecessors of spring wheat was carried out in the stationary field experiment on biologized crop rotations of the Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture. The research was conducted on the following three nutrition grounds: without fertilizers (natural ground); mineral – N₃₀Р₃₀К₃₆; organo-mineral – application of manure, green manure and straw on the ground N₂₄Р₂₄К₃₀. It is established that green manure rape fallow was the best predecessor of spring wheat. The yield capacity of wheat was by 0.2-0.38 t/ha higher on green manure fallow and by 0.25-0.47 t/ha with the application of protection agents compared to pea and clover, respectively. Mineral and organo-mineral grounds provided additional grain yield of spring wheat – 0.72 t/ha in relation to natural fertility. The application of protection agents on fertilized nutrition grounds increased grain yield by 0.58-0.66 t/ha. Due to an increase in yield capacity and decrease in production costs, the highest net income was obtained under cultivation of spring wheat on fertilized nutrition grounds after green manure fallow. When wheat was planted after pea on unfertilized ground regardless of protection agents, the profitability level increased by 13.4-51.8% in comparison with rape and clover.

Key words: winter wheat, predecessor, nutrition ground, protection system, yield capacity, economic efficiency.

pp. 82-89

INFILTRATION OF PRECIPITATION FROM SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN LYSIMETER EXPERIMENT ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF CROP ROTATION AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEM (=PDF=)

P. A. Postnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
V. V. Popova, Senior Researcher
Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – division of Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
21, Glavnaya St, Poselok Istok , 620061, Ekaterinburg
Е-mail: postnikov.ural@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

In 2011–2015, the influence of various nutrition grounds and field crop rotations on the percolation of atmospheric precipitation through the root habitable layer of soil of 0-70 cm was studied in lysimeter experiment on sod-podzolic soils. Infiltrate account in the experiment showed that a significant part of water percolates in the early spring period under positive air temperatures. Maximum percolation of precipitation through the 70 cm layer of soil during the vegetative period was noted in 2014–2015and was equal to 100-130 l/lysimeter. On average, over 5 years of research, the percolation was equal from 54.4 to 71.5 l/lysimeter depending on the nutrition ground and type of crop rotation during the vegetative period. Application of organic fertilizers (manure, green manure, straw) in combination with mineral grounds N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ and N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ reduced infiltration of water by 7.3–15.7% compared to the control variant. In grain-grass crop rotation, water loss from the root habitable layer of soil reduced by 9.0–12.0% compared to crop rotation with pure fallow.  Water infiltration under plants during the summer period in the lysimeter installation is observed only under excessive moistening, when no less than 10–15 mm of precipitation falls within 1-2 days.

Key words: lysimeter installation, infiltrate, sod-podzolic soil, type of crop rotation, nutrition ground, mineral and organic fertilizers.

pp. 89-94

BALANCE OF HUMUS, NUTRITION ELEMENTS AND PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF BIOLOGIZED CROP ROTATIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION (=PDF=)

E. V. Seminchenko, Junior Researcher
Lower Volga Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Oblastnoy Poselok of Agricultural Experimental Farm, Gorodishchenskiy Rayon, Volgogradskaya Oblast, 403013, Russia
E-mail: eseminchenko@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The research was carried out at the experimental field of the Lower Volga Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014-2017. The following field crop rotations were studied: 1) green manure fallow (winter rye green manure) – winter wheat – grain sorghum – oat; 2) green manure fallow (camelina green manure) – winter wheat – grain sorghum – chickpea – safflower – oat; 3) pea – winter wheat – chickpea – safflower – pea – grain sorghum – chickpea – oat. The experiment was conducted on light brown soil. All non-merchantable parts in crop rotations were laid down in topsoil. The highest positive balance of organic matter was observed in the four-field crop rotation with winter rye green manure (+3.33 t/ha). Positive nitrogen balance was achieved only in four- and six-field biologized crop rotations. Positive potassium balance was observed in all biologized crop rotations. Negative balance of phosphorus was indicated in all experiments. The most favorable balance of humus was observed in the grain-fallow-intertilled four-field crop rotation with winter rye green manure (+0.18 t/ha). The highest grain yield per 1 ha of rotation area (1.90 t/ha ) was obtained in the same crop rotation. The guidelines data can be applied in dry steppe zone of the Lower Volga region.

Key words: biologization, field crop rotation, light brown soil, organic matter, nutrition elements, humus, grain yield, the Lower Volga region.

pp. 95-100

PRODUCTIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO WINTERING OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (=PDF=)

N. G. Tuktarova, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Udmurt State Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture
23 Lenina St., Pervomaiskiy, Zavialovskiy District, Udmurt Republic, 427007, Russia
E-mail: ugniish-nauka@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of competitive variety research on winter wheat conducted in 2014-2017 on the fields of the Udmurt State Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture. The object of research was varieties and numbers of winter wheat from various scientific and research breeding centers and our own selection material. The Moscovskaya 39 variety is taken as a standard. The field experiments were carried out in contrasting meteorological conditions on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, the most widespread in the territory of the Udmurt Republic. The most favorable conditions for preparing plants for overwintering were formed in 2016-2017, negative – in 2014-2015. The yield capacity of winter wheat varieties ranged from 0.52 t/ha (the Moscovskaya 56) in 2014 to 5.01 t/ha (the Poema) in 2017. Hardiness of winter wheat during the winter time is the main factor that limits its yield capacity in the Udmurt Republic. Therefore, particular attention in analysis of the obtained results was given to overwintering and resistance of plants to the most common diseases during the wintering period. In 2015, the overwintering of varieties did not exceed 5% as a result of severe damage to plants by snow mould (100%) and Sclerotinia (up to 83%). Resistance to these diseases was not revealed among the studied varieties of winter wheat. In 2014, 2016, 2017, the following varieties were distinguished by their yield capacity, elements of productivity and resistance to diseases of damping-off: the Mera, the Poema and the Italmas variety, number 9H1/19 selected in the Udmurt State Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture. Number 9Н /19 called the Lubava is being prepared for transfer to the state variety testing. On average during the years of variety testing, its yield capacity is equal to 3.66 t/ha that is higher by 0.38 t/ha (12%) than the performance of the Moskovskaya 39.

Key words:winter wheat, variety, meteorological conditions, overwintering, yield capacity, snow mould, Sclerotinia.

pp. 100-106

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CUTTING REGIMES OF BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL MIXED WITH TIMOTHY GRASS ON SOD-PODZOLIC STRONGLY ACID SOIL (=PDF=)

V. A. Figurin ¹, Dr. Agr. Sci.
N. P. Suntsova ¹
А. P. Kislitsyna ^1,2, Cand. Agr. Sci.
¹Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitskiy
Lenina St, 166а, Kirov, 610007, Russia
E-mail: niish-sv@mail.ru  
²Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
Oktyabrsky prospect, 133, Kirov, 610017, Russia

ABSTRACT

In 2011-2016, the research was carried out to determine the optimal cutting regimes for bird’s-foot trefoil mixed with timothy grass in order to preserve productive longevity. The experimental plot was consisted of sod-podzolic medium loamy strongly acid soil with high content of phosphorous and low of potassium. Phosphorous and potassium fertilizers (Р₆₀К₆₀) were applied during pre-sowing cultivation as ordinary superphosphate and potassium chloride. The Solnyshko variety of bird’s-foot trefoil and the Leningradskaya 204 of timothy grass were selected for the research. Coverless sowing was carried out in spring. The experiment design included eight regimes applied from the second to the fifth year. During all the years of research, a high productivity was presented by the variants with double-cutting: when the harvesting of the first and the second cutting was conducted in flowering period; the first cutting – in flowering period and the second cutting – in budding period as well. On average for 4 years, the yield of dry matter in these regimes was equal to 6.26 и 6.61 t/ha, respectively. The effects of cutting regimes of the grass mixture were studied in the sixth year of life. It was established that the highest number of plants was preserved in double-cutting variants (variant 1 – 108 plants per m², variant 7 – 121 plants per m²) and in triple-cutting variants in tillering stage (116 plants per m²) when the last cutting was mowed early in the previous year (August 7) in comparison with other variants where the mowing was carried out much later (August 16). The same variants showed a higher proportion of bird’s-foot trefoil at first cutting in budding period compared to other regimes (43…46%). Moreover, the yield of dry matter in bird’s-foot trefoil was definitely higher without weed while with them (dandelion) the difference in dry matter yield was insignificant in all variants.

Key words:lotus-timothy grass mixture, using regimes, dry matter, exchangeable energy, raw protein, coefficient of energetic efficiency.

pp. 106-112

INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PRE-SOWING TILLAGE ON THE YIELD CAPACITY OF SPRING CEREAL CROPS AND ITS STRUCTURE IN THE MIDDLE URAL (=PDF=)

A. G. Cherkashin, Post-Graduate Student
L. V. Falaleeva, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Yu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of influence of the method of pre-sowing tillage on the yield capacity of spring cereal crops and its structure in the Middle Ural which were obtained during 2 years of field experiments (2016 and 2017). Three main kinds of spring cereal crops cultivated in Perm Krai, namely barley, wheat and oat were selected as an object of research. The influence of pre-sowing tillage such as cultivation, disk plowing and flat plowing on the yield capacity and its structure were studied on the objects of research. The following experiment design was applied: 1) Factor A – pre-sowing tillage: A₁ – cultivation (control), A₂ – disk plowing, A₃ – flat tillage; 2) Factor B – crop: B₁ – wheat, B₂ – barley, B₃ – oat. The research was conducted on sod-podzolic soil with medium loamy particle-size distribution and content of humus equal to 3.1%, mobile phosphorus – 153 mg/kg, potassium – 147 mg/kg, pH_KCI. A second-year red clover was chosen as a predecessor. The following data were obtained during the research: weather conditions had a great impact on the yield capacity of studied crops, 2016 was dry and hot, then 2017 – more chilly and overmoistened. For wheat, more effective method of pre-sowing tillage in both years of the research was cultivation, which allowed exceeding the yield capacity claimed for the experiment and to get 3.6 t/ha instead of 3.5 t/ha. For oat and barley, cultivation also was more effective in the first year of the research and flat plowing in the second year. This method of tillage allowed oat to form the yield capacity of 4.2 t/ha, that by 0,7 t/ha more than the aim of the experiment. Pre-sowing tillage of soil had noticeable influence on the yield structure, especially in the structure of inflorescence.

Key words: spring cereal crops, wheat, barley, oat, yield capacity, pre-sowing tillage of soil, yield structure.

pp. 112-117

NUTRIENTS BALANCE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE YIELD CAPACITY OF SPRING RAPE SEEDS ON LEACHED CHERNOZEM OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN (=PDF=)

G. M. Yusupova, Post-Graduate Student
M. M. Khaibullin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
G. B. Kirillova, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
Bashkir State Agrarian University
34, 50-letie Oktyabrya St., Ufa, 450001 Russia
E-mail: gulnaz-yusupova-93@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the research results of the influence of calculated doses of fertilizers on the yield capacity of spring rape seeds of the Yubileiniy variety on leached chernozem of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research was conducted in 2011-2013, 2015-2016 according to two experiment designs. The calculated doses of fertilizers allow obtaining 1.63-2.14 t/ha of seeds in 2011-2013 on average and 2.13-2.2 t/ha in 2015-2016 on average. The calculations showed that the application of fertilizers led to increase in the yield of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from 1 ton of spring rape seeds up to 52, 25 and 43 kg in 2011-2013 on average and 42, 25 and 35 kg in 2015-2016 on average. The highest yield capacity of spring rape seeds and the maximum efficiency of applied fertilizers was achieved in the calculation of fertilizers doses with the application of balance coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from fertilizers and soil equal to 100, 100-150 and 150-200%, respectively.

Key words: spring rape; yield capacity; nutrients balance; yield.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 118-122

FREQUENCY OF CARDIOGENIC ASCITES IN DOGS OF LARGE BREEDS (=PDF=)

A. V. Belov, Post-Graduate Student
S. V. Ponosov, Cand. Vet. Sci.
Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
125, Karpinskogo St., Perm, 614012, Russia
E-mail: doctorshtain1992@gmail.com; ponosovs@yandex.ru;
D. F. Ibishov, Dr. Vet. Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: vnb@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

A retrospective study of the following breeds of dogs was carried out in the «Klyk +» veterinary clinic of Perm: German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever, Rottweiler, Central Asian Shepherd. Twenty clinical records of dogs with ascites were analyzed in the research. The key parameter of patient selection was body mass starting with 35 kg, age was not restricted. All patients entered the clinic with symptoms of abdominal enlargement, decreased activity, and hyporexia. Completed clinical investigation of dogs was conducted by a veterinary physician. Habitus and physiological parameters were evaluated. Auscultation of the lungs and heart, palpation and percussion of the abdominal cavity were carried out. Special diagnostic methods included: ultrasonic investigation of abdominal cavity organs, echocardiography, electrocardiography, arterial blood pressure tonometry as well as clinical and biochemical analysis of blood, and radiography of the abdominal and thoracic cavity. Thus, conducted investigations allowed us to distinguish the cardiogenic causes of ascites from the others. After the retrospective analysis, cardiogenic ascites was found only in 11 dogs, out of 20. The rest of the patients had other pathologies. According to this research, we can conclude that ascites is not an entirely sign of heart disease and always requires careful investigation for establishing the diagnosis.

Key words: dogs, ascites, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac distress.

pp. 123-129

COMPARATIVE NUTRITION VALUE OF DOGS RATIONS BASED ON «ROYAL CANIN» PREPARED FODDER AND SERVING FODDER FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS (=PDF=)

K. V. Gilev, Post-Graduate Student
V. A. Sitnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russia
Е-mail: sitnikov.59@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of feeding diets based on «Royal Canin» ready-made dry fodder of different energy value and serving fodder aimed to compare them to each other and with the standards of nutrients demand of dogs. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out on 3 groups of the German shepherd breed formed by the method of groups-analogs in the conditions of crate maintenance and identical care. The control group was fed with traditional fodder prepared from natural products in the nursery; the first experimental group – with «Royal Canin Club Energy H.E» priced at 220 rub/kg, the second experimental group – with «Royal Canin Energy 4300» priced at 250 rub/kg. It is established that the diet based on «Royal Canin Club Energy H.E» meets nutrition needs of dogs of 30 kg the most. For 90 days of the experiment, at a lower concentration of diet energy (4.6%), but in excess of protein (1.7%), daily gain in live weight of dogs of the first experimental group was 23 g, that is 2.9 times more than dogs fed with «Royal Canin Energy 4300» and 3 times more than animals fed with serving fodder. Biochemical composition of blood in dogs which received «Royal Canin Club Energy H. E» mostly responded to the standard parameters. Use of «Royal Canin Club Energy H. E» in comparison with «Royal Canin Energy 4300» led to savings of 18 rubles per feeding day. The diet based on natural products can be recommended for feeding animals with correction of protein in the winter period by meat or by-products.

Key words: dogs, dry fodder, feeding, live weight, blood, effectiveness.

pp. 129-134

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL PREMIX IN THE DIET OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS ON METABOLIC PROCESSES IN THE PERIOD OF PEAK YIELD (=PDF=)

I. E. Ivanova, Cand.  Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
M. G. Volynkina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
O. V. Kovaleva,Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Yu. A. Petrova, Degree Seeker
Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University
7, Respubliki St., Tyumen, Russia
E-mail: danik1969@mail.ru  

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the results of experiments on inclusion of mineral premix enriched with amino acids into the diet of highly productive cows. For the first time, the research was carried out in the conditions of the northern Zauralie in the agricultural enterprise of Tyumen Oblast. The aim of research is to study the influence of mineral premix in the diet of highly productive cows on metabolic processes in the peak yield. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and biochemical blood parameters were studied in cows. The experimental group of cows received mineral premix in addition to the diet. Positive balance of calcium and phosphorus was established in the control and experimental groups. Cows of the control group excreted calcium with feces and urine by 5.79% more than animals of the experimental group that led to a higher calcium deposition in cows of the experimental group by 2.29 g or by 6.25% (P <0.05). Phosphorus intake and balance were greater in cows of the experimental group. There were no significant differences in the excretion of phosphorus. However, animals of the control group used phosphorus better for milk production, while cows of the experimental group for deposition in organism. This indicates a better absorption of minerals. The investigation of biochemical analysis of blood in cows showed that calcium and phosphorus content was higher in the experimental group. An increase in total nitrogen by 17.33 mg%, total protein in blood serum by 1.5 g/l, albumin fraction by 2.06% is noted in the experimental group of cows compared to analog herdmates.

Key words: peak yield, forage mixture, premix, calcium, phosphorous, balance, metabolism, blood biochemical parameters.

pp. 135-140

INCREASE IN POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF COWS DUE TO NATURAL FODDER SUPPLEMENTS (=PDF=)

E. M. Kislyakova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Professor
I. V. Strelkov, Post-Graduate Student
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, 426069, Russia
E-mail: mullan@inbox.ru

ABSTRACT

Cattle with a high genetic potential of milk productive capacity (over 10.000 kg of milk per cow for a year) have been created in the Russian Federation. Its implementation highly depends on the factors of feeding. It is relevant to develop new fodder products based on natural local raw materials, which allow balancing the rations of cows in energy and protein, essential fatty acids and mineral elements. Practical interest at the present stage of feeding of highly productive cows is inclusion of flax and rape oil-seeds, which are sources of energy, complete protein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Scientific and economic experiment was conducted in educational and experimental farm of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy on cows of black and white breed selected by the method of pair-analogues (three groups). The animals of the control group received basic ration, while in a diet of the first experimental group, 30% of crude protein in sunflower cake was replaced by flax seeds (for protein), in the second experimental group – by rape seeds. Before use, all the oil-seeds were passed through the oil press without oil extraction. Milk productive capacity of first-calf cows was accounted by control milking. Rations are characterized by a high content of concentrated fodders (43.1-43.9% in a ration structure). The experimental animals were fully provided with the necessary energy. Ration dry matter contains 10.11-10.16 MJ/kg. Ratios are close to the recommended norms by the basic relations. It is established that inclusion of oil-seeds into cows’ rations promotes an increase in milk productive capacity. The use of oil-seeds allows maintaining the achieved level of productive capacity for a longer period of time and obtaining a constant lactation coefficient at the level equal to 90.8-92.3%.

Key words: cattle, productive capacity, feeding ration, oil-seeds flax, rape, milk productive capacity.

pp. 140-147

THE INFLUENCE OF SOMATIC EXTRACT OF ANISAKIDAE LARVAE ON BACTERIA (=PDF=)

O. I. Lazareva, Post-Graduate Student
T. N. Sivkova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
T. S. Prokhorova, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agro-Technological University
23, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614099, Russia
E-mail: tatiana-sivkova@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The previous research established that protein products, being a part of A. simplex somatic, excretory and secretory products, possess a pronounced karyopathic effect, however, its mechanism remains insufficiently studied.  This study is necessary to understand pathological processes in a damaged cell and manage karyopathic impact. The mentioned issues established the relevance of research. There are very few data on the mechanisms of interaction of helminths somatic extracts and microorganisms. It is assumed that anisakidae somatic extract renders a negative effect on microorganisms due to its protein components and metabolites. The aim of research was to study the influence of extract on cells culture of microorganisms diverse in morphological characters and resistance to environmental factors. The extract was prepared from anisakidae larvae removed from frozen Micromesistius poutassou. Then the extract was tested for sterility and harmlessness, the protein content was determined. The following daily cultures of bacteria were selected for the research: Micrococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella tiphimurium. Microorganisms were cultured with discs that contained anisakidae antigenic extract, thereby detected the zone of bacteriostasis in Micrococcus sp., E. coli and P. vulgaris after 12 hoursin a thermostat at + 37 ° C. The extract had no effect on the growth of S.tiphimurium. The development of pronounced sterility zone indicates that the protein extract contains biologically active components with bacteriostatic effect.

Key words: somatic extract, anisakidae larvae, metabolites, bacteria, bacteriostatic effect.

pp. 147-152

THE DEVELOPMENT OF STARTER FODDER RECIPE FROM FARM-PRODUCED RAW MATERIALS (=PDF=)

A. N. Malkov, Post-Graduate Student
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
11, Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk, 426069, Russia
E-mail: malkoff.andrej2011@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the development of starter mixed fodder recipe from the raw materials produced in a local farm according to its food supply and ration balance of cattle youngstock. Fodder nutrition was identified in “Udmurtskiy” agro-chemical center by generally accepted methods.  The analysis of chemical composition of cereal concentrates of the farm is presented regarding to reference data. It is established that investigated raw materials have low protein nutrition and high fiber content. In this regard, mixed fodder production with the inclusion of local protein material, in particular, pea and linseed cake should be organized in the farm. The inclusion of pea, grass meal and linseed cake to a mixed fodder recipe led to an increase in the content of protein by 14.03 g, calcium – by 0.01 g, phosphorus – 0.25 g. Concentrates possess equal energy nutrition. The obtained recipe of mixed fodder maximally complies with the requirements of the State Standard of Russia for cattle youngstock.

Key words: young stock, farm-produced mixed fodder, grass meal.

pp. 153-157

SLAUGHTER AND MEAT QUALITIES OF CROSSBRED SWINE (=PDF=)

E. V. Shatskikh, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
FSBEI HE Urаl SAU
42, Karla-Libknekhta St., Ekaterinburg, 620075, Russia
E-mail: evshackih@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

The research presents the assessment of slaughter and meat qualities of store pigs obtained in various combinations of parental breeds in the conditions of «Svinokompleks» Uralsky» joint-stock company. To carry out the research, piglets of various genotypes at the age of 1 day were divided into 4 groups of 45 animals per each, taking into account the origin: the control group was presented by Yorkshire pigs obtained as a result of purebred breeding (Y × Y); the 1^st experimental group – crossbred piglets (F1) obtained as a result of two-way crossing of Yorkshire sow with Landrace boar (Y × L); the 2^nd experimental group – crossbred piglets (F2) obtained as a result of three-way crossing of sow (F1) (Y × L) with Landrace boar (Y × L) × L; the 3^rd experimental group – crossbred piglets (F2) obtained as a result of three-way crossing of sow (F1) (Y × L) with Duroc boar (D × L) × D. It was established that the crossbred animals of the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd experimental groups exceeded purebred swine of the control group in carcass weight by 2.3-16%, respectively, in slaughter yield by 0.6-4.4%, in carcass length by 5.2-11%, in fat thickness by 6.0-21.4%, in loin eye area by 9.4-36%. The Analysis of correlation dependence of meat qualities testified to a high negative correlation in three-way crossbreds between fat thickness and carcass length, between fat thickness and loin eye area as well as a high positive correlation between carcass length and loin eye area. Consequently, the use of swine in this group contributes more to the selection of animals by meat qualities.

Key words: slaughter and meat qualities, crossbreeding, purebred swine, crossbred animals.