AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY

pp. 6-12
CURRENT CONDITION OF GREEN PLANTINGS IN THE PARK-STADIUM KHIMMASH IN YEKATERINBURG

L. I. Atkina, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
S. V. Vishnyakova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
M. V. Zhukova, Cand. Agr. Sci.
S. N. Luganskaya, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
N. G. Suslova, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Ural State Forest Engineering University
37, Sibirsky trakt str., Yekaterinburg, 620100 Rusiia
E-mail: sve-luganskaya@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
There are about 40 parks of different origin with a total area of almost 800 hectares in Yekaterinburg. The majority of these parks do not have a distinct functional specialization. As a subject of the research there were chosen the only specialized sports park in Yekaterinburg – the Khimmash Park Stadium. The complex assessment of the plantings and the elements of improvement the well-being was carried out in the park. In the process of the research there were distinguished the uniform landscape sites and there were estimated the planning balance of the territory. The proportion of the green plantings comprises about 75 per cent of the park territory. Nearly 19 per cent of the territory is occupied by the plane structures of different functioning, in the main these are the grounds equipped for sports. A proportion of road and footpath network is small concerning such a subject – 5.5 per cent. An assortment of woody species of the plants in the park is presented with 18 ones, that is, 14 species of trees and 4 – of bushes. The park plantations may be classified according to their structure as follows: the first part consists of pine and birch forest stand which creates a park kernel (60 per cent) and the second one presents artificial deciduous plantings with spontaneously expanded shrubby thickets on the pond bank (15 per cent). The pine forest stand has reached the IV-V class of age; the birch – the V-VI one. High-quality pine undergrowth is not sufficient. Ulmus scabra dominates among man-made plantings (6 per cent). In a live ground cover a lawn of the meadow type occupies 46.1 per cent and a natural ground cover – 38.9 per cent. Marsh vegetation is widely spread along Nizhne-Isetsky pond. The pine and birch plantings of the park are in satisfactory sanitary condition, but they lack further monitoring. It is required to maintain properly the appearance of the natural pine planting with the help of the replanting of ordinary pine trees. Ulmus scabra, Crataegus Sanguine, Padus maackii were replanted to enforce the decorative effect, but this was made without taking into consideration the hydrological peculiarities of the territory. These species can be not recommended for the assortment enrichment of the park as they form unstructured thickets without careful maintaining.
Key words: parks of Yekaterinburg, park-stadium, territory balance, plantings structure, species composition, condition monitoring.

pp. 12-17

MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES
AND APPLIED SIGNIFICANCE OF BUD MUTATION IN CHERRY MAGALEBSKAYA (PADELLUS MAHALEB (L.) VASS.) MAGSPUR – BVA

V. A. Bgashev, Cand. Agr. Sci.
NVNIISH –branch of FNC of Agroecology RAN
Poselok Oblastnoy of Agricultural Experiment Station, Gorodishchensky District, Volgograd region, 403013 Russia
E-mail: profi-club@list.ru

ABSTRACT
In the course of survey of the plantations of Volgograd Region in 2016 an abnormally developing branch was revealed on the cherry Magolebskaya (Padellus Mahaleb (L.) Vass.). The research carried out at the basis of Nizhne-Volzhsky Agriculture Research Institute of the Branch of FSC of Agroecology of Russian Academy of Sciences, it was established that the abnormality is authentic to the bud mutation. A new genotype got the name MAKSPUR BVA, which showed the following properties: reserved growth, thickened spindle-shaped crown, non-typically light coloring of leaves, increased actuating of buds and sharper angle of growing of lateral shoots. Exclusive peculiarity of the Mutation of MAKSPUR BVA is its full sterility. In the course of rhizogenesis studying it good (up to 90 per cent) rooting ability of green stalks and half-woodened ones was determined. Taking in account this property the mutation is being studied as a clone rootstock of temperate growth for the varieties of cherry and duke, recommended for Nizhneye Povolzhye. The cherry plants with their own roots MAKSPUR BVA and the plants, having been obtained after its transplantation on rootstocks with the stems of different height, have the decorative properties due to the characteristic crowns and the leaves’ coloring. An absence of fruiting of such plants is estimated like a positive feature.
Key words: cherry, cherry Magalebskaya, infection, clone rootstock, fruit growing, bud mutation, rhizogenesis, selection, strength of growth, sterility, duke.

pp. 17-22

FORMATION AND ESTIMATION OF LAWNS’ QUALITY ON SLOPES OF HIGHWAYS
IN PREDURALYE

Yu. N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
Ya. V. Subbotina, Cand. Agr. Sci.
I. P. Vyatkina, Post-Graduate Student
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
Planting of greenery on slopes, hillslopes and roadsides of highways is connected with the certain difficulties both in the process of the creating and in the exploitation period, that is associated with landslides under the effect of rains and snowingssnowfalls, and with systematic gas contamination by motor transport as well. At the same time highways are one of the most important elements of material-technical base and the necessary condition for functioning of public production. A fortification of road slopes is an activity giving an opportunity for retaining the integrity of the sub grade, and for improving ecological and esthetic aspects of technogenic landscape as well. The research on the estimating of the quality of lawn grass mixtures for the fortifying slopes of highways are been being carried out in Perm District of Permsky Krai, on the slope of earthen sub grade of the reconstruction area of highways for common use of federal significance 1P242 Perm — Yekaterinburg PK 73+00 (to the left). The grass mixture “Classic” and the mixture II with various seeding rate are being under consideration. The quality estimation of sod cover being formed had beenwas conducted according to the number of shootings per square unit. At the end of the first vegetation period there had been formed the The sod cover of a bad quality and of a satisfying one formed at the end of the first vegetation period. During the two-year period of the investigation both of grass mixtures had formed the lawn coverings of a good quality. The introducing of the pasturable raygrass into the composition of the mixture had did not show n an increase of the number of shootings (from 20 to 22 shootings per 100 square decimeters). And along with that the most significant increase of thickening of grass stand had beenwas mentioned in the control variant with the seeding rate of 220 kilos per hectare.
Key words: lawns, slope of highway sub grade, seeding rate, grass mixture, quality of sod cover.

pp. 23-28

THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM OIL FLAX GROWN
IN THE MIDDLE URALS

A. P. Kolotov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Urals Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture
21, Glavnaya St., poselok Istok, Yekaterinburg, 620061 Russia
E-mail: ankolotov@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The article shows the results of the research on testing two varieties of oil flax and its four new selection lines being carried out at the Urals Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The field experiments were conducted with the using of experimental techniques on dark-grey wood heavy loam soils which are typical for the Sverdlovsky Region. Biochemical content the oil flax seeds were determined according to the generally accepted methods at the analytical laboratory of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Urals Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Fatty-acid composition of flax oil was determined at the laboratory of biochemistry of the Federal State Budget Scientific Research Institute of Oil-Producing Crops and the Czech Firm “Agritec” with the usage of ЯМР-analyzer and ИК-analyzer MATRX-1. It was established that oil flax formed seed average yield from 1.84 to 2.06 tons per hectare during 2013-2015 years in the soil-climatic conditions of Sverdlovsky Region. Oil content and its oil-acid composition depended on the variety grown. Yellow seed variety LM 98 differed by the low content of lynolene acid and by the increased one of lynoleve acid. A part of the main polysated fat acids of the rest of varieties with the brown seeds was at the level 14.2-20.4 per cent of lynoleve acid and 47.2-56.6 per cent of lynolene one. The highest content of pure fat was observed in new selection lines 3813 and 3850 (Uralsky Variety). High yield and an increased oil content (44.4-45.1 per cent) guaranteed oil output per 1 hectare of Severny and Uralsky Varieties at level 903.0-929.5 kilos per hectare. Pure protein content in flax seeds comprised 23.1 to 24.5 per cent that secured its harvesting per hectare 322.4 to 498.8 kilograms.
Key words: oil flax, variety, seeds, biochemical composition, fat content, lynolene acid, lynoleve acid.

Стр. 28-34

pp. 28-34

THE EFFICIENCY OF THE INCREASED CARBAMIDE DOSES AT GROWING BARLEY ON SOD-PODZOL LOAMY SOILS

V. I. Makarov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
11, Studencheskaya Str., Izhevsk, 426069 Russia
E-mail: makaroffVI@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
An influence of doses of nitrogen fertilizers on barley yield, a chemical composition of grain and straw and standard removal of nutrients were under consideration in the field experiments in 2014-2016 year period. The experiment was conducted on turf-podzol medium-loamy soils of average level of fertility. The options with the doses Nm (N30, N60, N90, N120) and Naa (N60) were included into the scheme of the experiment. Fertilizers were applied before the pre-sowing cultivation. An efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers changed significantly in the year-period in dependence on the vegetation period conditions. The coefficient of variation of barley grain yield comprised 36.8 per cent in a case without fertilizers but in that with fertilized soils it was lower – 24.3-29.1 per cent. The barley cultivating at turf-podzol soils without fertilizers provides only the grain yield of 1.83 tons per hectare. The dose N120 (0.94 tons per hectare) guarantees the highest yield increase. The return of nitrogen fertilizer by grain of barley decreases from 13.9 kg/kg N at the dose N30 to 7.8 kg/kg N at N120. At using Nm and Naa in the dose N60 the yield increase differed insignificantly during the whole period of the research. When being grown without fertilizers the average nitrogen content was 1.68 per cent in grain and 0.40 per cent in straw. Nitrogen fertilizers raise the protein content of barley product. Each kilogram of applied in fertilizers nitrogen increases its content in grain on 0.0042 per cent and that in straw on 0.014 per cent. The close positive correlation (R=0.95) between the doses of nitrogen fertilizers and the standard removal of nutrients by grain and straw of barley is observed. The equation of regression is: y=21.3+0.0576 . x (where “y” is the standard removal of nutrients by barley, kg N/t; “x” is a dose of fertilizer, kg N/ha).
Key words: carbamide, ammonium saltpeter, barley, soda-podzol soils, yield, nitrogen in grain, nitrogen in straw, removal of nitrogen.

pp. 34-38

FORMATION OF HERBAGE OF SAINFOIN SANDY (ONOBRYCHIS ARENARIA)
IN THE FIRST YEAR OF GROWING IN THE MIDDLE PREDURALIE

V. A. Voloshin, Dr. Agr. Sci.; N. N. Matolinetz, Post-Graduate Student
Perm Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture
12, Cultury St., Lobanovo settlement, Perm Region, 614532 Russia
E-mail: pniish@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT
The results of the research on the herbage sainfoin sandy in its first year of growing having been conducted at the experimental field of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of Perm Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture at three successive in time (2014-2016 years) layings were listed in the paper. The data on the sprouting density, the field germination, the passing of the principal phenophases, the yielding of green mass and dry weight are presented in the work. It was established that the field germination of sainfoin sandy were obtained within 53.3-61.3 per cent depending on various weather conditions. The saifoin sandy provided the harvest of 4.2 and 11.2 tons of green mass per hectare in the years 2014 and 2015, respectively. The analyses of the structure of the yield during a two-year period allowed making a conclusion that the difference in all the parameters (total weight of the samples, of leaves, of stems, of one shoot) was insignificant. Under the conditions of the year 2016 when a rosette of economic yield was formed, the green mass was not obtained. The weather conditions of Permsky Krai, despite their contrast, are quite suitable for the formation of a sainfoin sandy grass in its first year of growing. It is obvious that this new perspective crop in its type of development during its first year may be attributed to the so-called “two-handed”. At spring sowing the sainfoin develops according to the summer season type of growing, while at summer sowing – according to the winter one. Therefore, there is an expediency of its introducing in local conditions.
Key words: sandy sainfoin, field germination, density shoots, yield.

pp. 39-42

TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT AT THE SPARSELY WOODED AREAS

R. N. Minnikhanov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
H. G. Musin, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
M. V. Martynova, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Kazan State Agrarian University, Bashkir State Agrarian University
65, Karla Marxa str., Kazan, Republik of Tatarstan, 420015 Russia
E-mail: a.minnikhanov@yandex.ru, maaarussia@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The concept of reproduction and forest management at the sparsely wooded areas was developed and implemented. The staged implementation of the complex of forestry activities was assumed as a basis for the concept. As an initial impetus the emerging and the accumulating of spruce and fir self-seeding under a canopy of the softwood forests at the first stage having been prolonged up to 30-40 years allowed obtaining in subsequence the greatest environmental effect in the natural complex as a whole at a minor economical expenses. At the second stage with the maximum preserving the appeared undergrowth and its further accumulating and growing and with the introducing the acceptable options of the clear, gradual, selective loggings and the forest thinning there was formed the deciduous vegetation with undergrowth of spruce and fir. At the third stage the complex loggings the deciduous forest stands formed with the second layer of the coniferous ones. The fourth stage was the final. Age difference in the formed coniferous-deciduous forest stand is maintained with the help of the integrated felling. The total duration of these stages is limited by 60-70 years. What concerns the theoretical aspect of the concept and its practical aspect it has the peculiar only to this concept features covering a complicated complex of interrelated and interdependent internal relationships of forest and the external manifestations of these ones. Managing of them is the task of rational and sustainable forest management.
Key words: concept, forest, undergrowth, complex cutting, stand, tier, self-seeding.

pp. 43-47

THE YIELD AND THE NATURE OF THE SEEDS OF WINTER RYE IN ITS
DEPENDENCE ON THE TERMS AND DOSES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZING

V. P. Murygin, Post-Graduate Student
V. A. Popov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
S. L. Eliseev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: mvp21717@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
With the aim of working out the optimum methods of near-root fertilizing of winter rye in the Middle Preduralye at the Perm State Agricultural Academy in the period of 2014-2016 years, a field experiment was laid according to the scheme: Factor A – nitrogen dose, kilo per hectare: A1 – without fertilizers; A2 – 30; A3 – 60; Factor B – the term of fertilizing: B1- ripeness of the soil at the layer 0-5 centimeters; B2 – in 5 twenty-four hours period after the first date; B3 — in 10 twenty-four hours period after the first date. The top-soil of this plot was the turf-podzol heavy loam soil. Humus content in the arable land layer comprised 2.0-2.3 per cent, the mobile phosphorus 74-142 milligrams, exchangeable potassium 120-304 milligrams per 1000 grams of soil, pH of salt 5.6-6.3. The soil was cultivated at average level. Nitrogen fertilizing favored to the significant raise of yield of winter rye seeds. For the three-year research period the increase (comparing with the control) comprised 0.49-0.52 tons per hectare. The value of yield was not dependent upon the dose of nitrogen fertilizer. Applying the fertilizer in the doses 30 and 60 kilograms per hectare of the real matter formed an equal yield. So an optimum nitrogen dose for near-root fertilizing for winter rye is 30 kilograms per hectare. The terms for near-root fertilizing with a ten-day interval after the physical ripening of the soil does not influence significantly the winter rye yield. The methods of nitrogen fertilizing did not influence greatly the nature of the seed.
Key words: winter rye, near-root fertilizing, terms and doses of fertilizing, yield, nature of seed.

pp. 48-56

NEW VARIETIES AND PECULIARITIES OF GROWING TECHNIQUES
OF THE WINTER CEREALS FOR SEEDS AT THE FEDERAL BUDGET STATE SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION “THE URAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE”

G. N. Potapova, Cand. Agr. Sci.;
K. A. Galimov; N. L. Zobnina; M. S. Ivanova,
FSBSI “Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture”,
21, Glavnaya St., Yekaterinburg, 610062 Russia
E-mail: GNP60@bk.ru

ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of experimental work with varieties of winter cereals which took place in 2011-2016 years in FSBSI “Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture”. Winter cereals are used for food and fodder grain production. They are sources for receiving of early green fodder and laying in rough and succulent feeds. Winter cereals are of great ecological an agrotechnical importance. These crops greatly determine food safety of Russia. Under strict keeping to the growing technology and the presence of favourable weather conditions, the winter cereals provide the yielding capacity of 5 tons per hectare and even more. The average yield capacity of the winter cereals in Sverdlovskaya region is usually higher than that of the spring cereals but still it is not higher than 2 tons per hectare. The same yield capacity is in the course of the experiments at keeping the agrotechnique but at having unfavourable weather conditions. In some districts of Sverdlovskaya region the yield capacity is stably higher than the average one of this region at 0.4-0.77 tons per hectare. The majority of the varieties of winter wheat are included in the group of “strong” wheat according to the content of stickiness (31-40 %), the value of IDC (48-70 conventional units), sedimentation (51-76 ml) in the seed obtained in 2014 and in 2015 years and the great number of the fallings. The grain of the winter triticale according to its content of nutrients and the store of the exchangeable energy is available for feeding cattle, pigs and poultry. The new varieties of the winter rye Yantarnaya and Chusovaya, the winter triticale Istokskii 1 yield grain at the level of 5 tons per hectare and higher. With taking into consideration genetic peculiarities of these varieties for successful farming it is necessary to observe the following conditions: space isolation, optimum terms of sowing the seeds and the norms of that process and the determined system of plant protection, preventing mechanical pollution by the other varieties.
Key words: winter rye, winter soft wheat, winter triticale, winter resistance, grain quality.

pp. 56-62

THE ROLE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AT USING OF RADIOACTIVELY
POLLUTED NATURAL GROUNDS AS PASTURES

K. A. Serdyukova, Post-Graduate Student
E. V. Smolsky, Cand. Agr. Sci.
G. L. Silaev, Dr. Agr. Sci.
M. M. Nechaev, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Bryansk State Agrarian University
2a, Sovetskaya St., Kokino settlement, Vygonichskiy District, Bryanskaya oblast, 243365 Russia
E-mail: sev_84@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The research on the efficiency of different doses of mineral fertilizers for increasing productivity of natural fodder grounds and for decreasing the specific activity 137 Cs of the green material of natural herbage was carried out in the conditions of the central flood plain of the river Iput’ of Novozibkovsky District of Bryansk Region during the period of 2009-2015 years. The soil of the experimental site is alluvial meadow, sandy with a pollution density 137Cs of 559-867 kBq per square meter, pH KCl – 5.2-5.6, humus content- 3.08-3.33 per cent, labile phosphorus and exchange potassium – 106-244 and 89-120 mg per kilo, respectively. In the conditions of the experiment the minimum yield up to 6.6 tons per hectare in total for two hay cuttings of green material with maximum specific activity of 137 Cs on average 1169 Bq per kilo was obtained on natural herbage without use of mineral fertilizers. The maximum yield of 37.8 tons per hectare altogether for two hay cuttings was obtained at applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N120 P60 K180, the changes towards increasing of doses of potassium and its ratio with nitrogen did not lead to a significant increase of yield. It was revealed that potassium fertilizers authentically decrease the specific activity 137Cs of green material of natural herbage while nitrogen ones increase it, however, the increasing doses of potash fertilizers invert this action. On the basis of the data obtained there was constructed a model of migrating 137Cs from forages into the products of livestock breeding that revealed the use of potassium fertilizers at their applying on natural pastures allowed decreasing the specific activity of 137Cs in the products of livestock breeding and as a final result – the internal dose of radiation for a person received from milk and meat.
Key words: mineral fertilizers, pastures, 137Cs, green material, milk, meat, dose of internal radiation.

pp. 63-67

THE RESEARCH OF GENETIC MATERIAL OF SCOTCH PINE
IN THE CONDITIONS OF IONIC IRRADIATION

A. V. Skok, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
S. N. Shlapakova, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Bryansk State Engineering and Technology University
3, Stanke-Dimitrova Prospekt, Bryansk, 241037 Russia
E-mail: s.anna.v@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Ionic irradiation affects all the genetic organs of cell. The purpose of the research is to study the changeability of mitotic activity of fibers of Scotch pine in different zones, and in the zone of estrangement of Atomic Power Station of Southern Non-Black Zone of the Russian Federation as well. Test areas are located on the territory of Southern Non-Black Zone with various degree of radioactive contamination in GKU of Bryansk Region “Klintzovskoye Forestry”. The control was located in the relatively clean zone in GKU of Bryansk Region “Training Experimental Forestry”. The plantings of Scotch pine experienced a significant influence of chronic ionic irradiation: a raised mitotic activity of cells at minimum power of the exposition dose, an increased amount of cell in metaphase, telophase, an increased amount of anaphases with bridges, with lagging and a simultaneous outcome and lagging of chromosomes. A tendency for raising the activity of cell-division, for strengthening the processes of mutation was observed with the increase of exposition dose power has been observed.
Key words: Scotch pine, ionic irradiation, mitosis, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations.

pp. 67-71

CREATING THE VARIETIES OF THE DOMESTIC PLUM
IN VOLGOGRAD REGION

A. V. Solonkin, Cand, Agr. Sci.
NVNIISH –branch of FNC of Agroecology RAN
Poselok Oblastnoy of Agricultural Experiment Station, Gorodishensky district, Volgograd region,
403013 Russia
E-mail: niiskh@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
The research on creating and studying the new varieties of plum was carried out for many years at the laboratory of fruit cultures of Nizhne-Volzhsky Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The research work was carried out in the South-Eastern part of Volgograd Region with the usage of cultivars crossings methods of the domestic plum (Prunus Domestical), by the repeated crossings, and also by sowing the seeds obtained by the free pollination of the best plum varieties. At the initial stage of hybridization there was used the local adaptive varieties (Thistle, Volzhskaya Siniya, Skorospelka Krasnaya) varieties and the southern large-fruit but weakly adaptive ones (Rannyaya Siniya, Victoria, Ispolinskaya, Anna Shpet, Persikovaya, Reine Claude d’Oullins and the others). The best of the obtained first-generation hybrids were used in repeated crossings in the subsequent work. In the course of the many-years research 140 hybrid families of plum (more than 7000 seedlings) were obtained with the method of inter-varieties hybridization and with the sowing the seeds of free pollination there were chosen more than 160 perspective hybrids and varieties. Of these the four (Volgograd, Bogatyrskaya, Vengerka Korneevskaya, Tatiana) were included in the State Register of the achievements in breeding and crossing, and more than 14 varieties are being on the state of variety testing. The study of the hybrid plum fund is being under consideration.
Key words: domestic plum, blackthorn, variety, hybrid, hybridization, selection.

pp. 71-76

INFLUENCE OF SEEDLINGS SPROUTS AGE AND PLANTING DENSITY ON THE YIELD OF DETERMINANT TOMATO

T. V. Soromotina, Cand. Agr. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: kafpererabotka@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
The research was conducted at the Scientific Educational Centre “Lipogorye” during 2014-2015 years. The experiment was two-factor one. Factor A – tomato plants of 60, 50, 40 (control), 30 days. Factor B – a scheme of planting (centimetres): spacing between plants – 70×20, 70×30 (control), 70×40, that corresponded to the following density of planting: 71000; 48000; 36000 plants per hectare. Sowing the seeds for sprouts in boxes took place on the 4th, 14th, 24th of April and on the 4th of May. Thinning of the plants and their transplanting into one-litre pots was condacted at the phase of appearing of first or second real leaf. The tomato sprouts were grown in greenhouses made of foil with heating and in those without it. Outdoor planting was on the 12th-15th of June. The subject for the research was the determinant tomato of the variety Dubok (Dubrava). The technology for planting was the generally accepted one for outdoor planting of cultivated crops. The research and the experiment observations were conducted according to the “Methods of Physiological Investigations in Vegetable and Melon Growing” and the “Methods of the State Agricultural Crop Variety Testing”. It was established that the sprouts of various age had considerable differences in the habitus indicators and that after planting outdoors the sprouts grew with some differences and by the end of vegetation period, they showed a significant difference in biometrical indicators and the output of products per area unit. The maximum leaf area at the hectare and the net productivity of photosynthesis was observed when planting outdoors the sprouts of 50 and 60 days of age and at the thickening up to 71000 plants per hectare. They were 75.2-82.3 thousand square metres and 10.8-11.3 grams per square meters a day, respectively. The highest productivity of 8.0-10.2 kilo per square meter and the market ability of fruits of 97-98 per cent were obtained in the same options.
Key words: determinant tomato, sprouts age, planting density, yield, leaf area, photosynthetic parameters, fruit weight, plant productivity, market ability.

pp. 76-80

THE NEW VARIETIES OF VARIABLE ALFALFA (Medicago varia) AND MEADOW CLOVER (Trifolium praténse) SELECTED BY FSBSI “URAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE”

M. A. Tormozin, Cand. Agr. Sci.
FSBSI “ Uralsky SRIAG”,
21, Glavnaya St., Yekaterinburg, posyelok Istok, 620061 Russia
E-mail: tormozinma@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The article touches upon the state of fodder production in Sverdlovskaya region. The main attention is paid to perennial grasses, and especially, from the ecological standpoint, to perennial legumes. The efficiency of milk production in conditions of fodder crops’ harvesting in optimum phases is substantiated. The new varieties selected by FSBSI “Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture” are characterized, the results of these varieties’ testing are presented. The variety of variable alfalfa Victoria forms two crops a year and three crops in the years with favourable weather conditions, this variety has a high technology of cultivating. The maximum harvesting of dry matter at the Volga-Vyatka Region is 158.4 centners per hectare (Mozhga SSVI, the Udmurt Republic). The meadow clover Dobryak with two harvestings provides for the maximum yield of dry matter at the Volga-Vyatka Region with 116.4centners per hectare (Kuzhener SSI, the Mari El Republic). Since 2016 the varieties of perennial beans grasses selected by FSBSI “Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture” were included in the State Register: the variety of variable alfalfa Victoria – in the Volga-Vyatka Region, the Urals and the North-Siberian Regions, and since 2017 – in the North-Siberian, the Central Black Zone and the East-Siberian ones; and the variety of meadow clover Dobryak – in the Northern, the West-Northern, the Central, the Volga-Vyatka and the Central Black Zone Regions of the Russian Federation.
Key words: alfalfa, clover, variety, variety testing, yield capacity, dry matter.

pp. 86-80

THE INFLUENCE OF CONTINUOUS APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND LIME ON FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TURF-PODZOLIC SOIL IN THE MIDDLE TAIGA ZONE OF EUROPEAN NORTH-EAST

N. T. Chebotarev, Dr. Agr. Sci.
A. A. Yudin, Cand. Econ. Sci.
Federal State Scientific Institution Research Institute of Agriculture of the Republic of Komi
27 Rucheinaia St., Syktyvkar 167023 Russia
E-mail: audin@rambler.ru;
A. V. Oblizov, Cand. Econ. Sci.
Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Administration
11 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982 Russia
E-mail: oblizov_a@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The research on the effect of lime (aftereffect of 1983) and the annual application of mineral fertilizers recommended by VIA (N60P75K75) on modification of the properties of soil, yield of perennial grasses and their quality was conducted during the long-term stationary field experiment on turf-podzolic slightly cultivated soil. It was established that the mineral fertilizers applied according to the background of the aftereffect of the ameliorants (different doses of lime), being calculated in accordance with hydrolytic acidity, significantly changed the agro-chemical parametres of turf-podzolic soil. The humus content increased by 0.1-0.5 per cent due to transformation of root-stubbly residues and to transfer of difficultly assimilable forms of nutrients into the readily available for the plants, the exchange acidity and the hydrolytic one decreased. These phenomena were not observed in the variants without fertilizers and those with applying only mineral ones. The effect of improving the properties of soil led to increasing yield of perennial grasses. When using three lime doses: up to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare C.V. (21.4-42.8 per cent higher than the control one, the control yield being 2.8 tons per hectare). Gathering of fodder units comprised 2.8-3.3 thousand per hectare. The usage of mineral fertilizers according to the background of the aftereffect of three doses of lime increased the yield of grasses to 5.0-5.5 tons per hectare C.V., that had been 78.5-96.4 per cent higher than the yield of the option without fertilizers. The gathering of fodder units was 4.1-4.6 thousand per hectare. There had not been established a significant effect of fertilizers and ameliorants on chemical composition of perennial grasses. Chemical composition of perennial legume-cereal grass mixtures was as follows: crude protein – 10.38 – 12.23 per cent, crude fat – 3.12 – 3.80 per cent, crude fiber – 24.43 – 29.42 per cent, crude ash – 6.41 – 7.07 per cent and dry matter – 25.69 – 28-45 per cent, that indicated rather high quality of perennial grasses.
Key words: mineral fertilizers, lime, humus, acidity, perennial grasses, yield, quality, chemical composition.

pp. 86-91

GROWING TECHNOLOGIES OF ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS
IN THE TREE PITTSBURGH HERITAGE NURSERY

M. Erb, ISA Certified Arborist, Director of non-commercial organization “Tree Pittsburgh”
Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania, USA
E-mail: Matt@treepittsburgh.org
A. V. Romanov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: moraposh@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The non-government organization «Tree Pittsburgh» created the ornamental shrubs and trees nursery on the abandoned industrial plot in the City of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, USA). It is named «Tree Pittsburgh Heritage Nursery». Its goal is the growing of tree and shrub seedlings for Pittsburgh greening. This nursery is also used for volunteer, student and citizen education. «Tree Pittsburgh» built 4 hoop houses covered with polyethylene plastic for the seedling growing. During the second growing season, the seedlings are usually taken out of the hoophouses and put into the grow rows surrounded by wood chips. Growing seedlings to the desired height outdoors in containers. Stratification of seeds is carried out in vermiculite or sphagnum peat moss. There is a drip irrigation in nursery. Irrigation rate is 1.89 liters per hour. The fertilization is once a season. The fertilization rate is 15 or 30 grams of the slow release pellets on a pot. The maximum height of seedlings grown in the nursery, is 1 meter. These trees are also small enough and light enough that they can be carried to remote sites or moved down steep hill sides with little effort. Currently, over 90 species of trees and 12 species of shrubs grow at the nursery.
Key words: ornamental nursery, container growing, Tree Pittsburgh, drip irrigation, slow release pellets.

pp. 91-96

EFFECT AND AFTEREFFECT OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN FIELD ROTATION LINKS

M. I. Yakoleva, Cand. Ag.Sci.
D. A. Dementiev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
N. N. Salyukova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Chuvash State Agricultural Academy
29, Karla Marxa St., Cheboksary, 428003 Russia
E-mail: tymondem@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
In the conditions of grey forest soils of Chuvash Republic there was being studied the effect and the aftereffect of grain legumes on spring crops in the crop rotation in the 2001- 2016 years period. The effect of blue lupine as the predecessor and also that of soybeans, peas and vetch-oats mixtures in aftereffect had been investigated. The soil of the experimental plot is a grey forest one of heavy loam granulometric composition. Humus content in the arable layer comprises 2.6 per cent, pH KCl – 5.7-5.8. The content of labile phosphorus is 240 – 260 mg per kilo of soil, that of exchangeable potassium comprises 120-140 mg per kilo of soil. Blue lupine as a predecessor as having been compared with winter rye had provided the yield increase of spring wheat of 0.8 tons per hectare (28.6 per cent) and that of potatoes – of 16.0 tons per hectare (66.8 per cent). The positive effect of lupine on yield had remained in the aftereffect of this crop on barley, annual grasses (vetch-cereal mixture) and potatoes. The decrease of the positive aftereffect of lupine in the second field rotation had been conditioned by more intensive mineralization of the crop-root residues in the first potato field in comparison with winter wheat. The research on the effect of grain legumes in crop rotation after potato showed that the legume predecessors ( vetch and oats, soybeans, peas) had been positive in the aftereffect on the yield of spring wheat (an increase of 26.5 – 38.1 per cent) as compared with potato. The aftereffect of vetch-oats mixture and soybeans appeared to be the strongest. These ones had increased the number of plants per one square meter that of productive wheat stems and its ear characteristics had been improved as well. The number of grains in wheat ear had positively increased (the deviation from the control one had been from 26.5 per cent (after peas) to 38.1 per cent (after vetch-oats mixture)). According to the effect on the fibrin content in wheat the vetch-oats mixture as a predecessor exceeds all the other crops and in accordance with its elasticity this mixture equals to soybeans. The nature of seeds also proved to be the best.
Key words: crop rotation, biology, nitrogen fixatives, grain legumes, soybeans, peas, blue lupine, vetch-oats mixture.

AGRO-ENGINEERING

pp. 97-104

TO THE FORECASTING METHODS OF METALS AND THEIR ALLOYS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR INCREASING THE RELIABILITY
OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN AGRICULTURE’S TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

V. S. Koshman, Cand. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
To the current moment there had been no equations, revealing the inter-connection of electrical conductivity of metal alloys with the peculiarities of their inner structure, that is why the problem remains topical. The article considers known from the theory of metals the equations of inter-connection of electrical conductivity σ and the average length of free movements of electrons L. The directly proportional dependence of σ from L was observed. There was adopted a hypothesis that the probability of the value of electrical conductivity of metals σ is directly proportional to the length L. In L-approach it was obtained an equation of inter-connection of electrical conductivity σ of metal alloys with atomic concentrations and electrical conductivity of their components, and micro-analogy of the equation given for double metal alloy as well. Based on the equations describing variability of average crystal structures ions volumes of bimetallic alloys of substitution, a concentrative dependence of average volumes of the system Au-Ag alloys isolated ions was described. This correlates to the current representation of physical effect of super-structural compression, and the view that metal properties are the function of their composition and inner structure as well. The results of calculation of concentrative dependence of relative electric resistance σ of the alloys of the system Au-Ag correlate with the known experimental data.
Key words: electric equipment reliability, metal alloys, their components, electric conductivity, atomic concentration, average length of free movements of electrons, average volume of ions of crystal structure, super structural compression.

Pp. 105-110

RESEARCH ON LIQUID DISTRIBUTION ON THE QUICK CROSS-SECTION
OF THE PERFORATED FILTER WITH A DUAL BOOT FOR WATER PURIFICATION

V. E. Saitov, Dr. Tech. Sci., Associate Professor
A. B. Kotyukov, Degree Seeker
Agricultural Research Institute of the North-East
166a, Lenina St., Kirov, 610007 Russia
E-mail: vicsait-valita@e-kirov.ru, lifeae@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The research on the problem of improving the efficiency of operation of crevice filter, applied for water purification at livestock breeding complexes was carried out at the laboratories of Perm State Technical University and Perm State Agricultural Academy. A method of eliminating unevenness of water consumption distribution according to the height of loading of the crevice filter by means of non-uniform perforation of the central reception pipe with dual boot was proposed. The proposed filter construction has two reservoirs (loadings) of one and the same material category of the volume of 0.116 cubic meter each that allows increasing the water consumption through the filter up to 11cubic meter per hour. The central pipe unlike the crevice filter is made with round openings. The amount of the round openings mentioned above is different according to the height of this pipe. The number of openings in the lower part of the filter is less than the one in the higher parts; their number increases from bottom of the pipe to its top. The central pipe is divided into four conventional zones (according to the height) with various summary amount of openings (these of the same diameter) in each; that is, every zone has its specific in its value the quick cross-section of the flow. Filter modifications had been made of the carbon fiber sorbents (CFS) material and an activated carbon fiber ACF. For installation there had been used a voltmeter with maximum measured voltage of 1.5 v and the scale division of 0.01 B. The strip of CFS material had been applied as the step rheochord. The power supply of current with the certain range of setting: the voltage from 0 to 127 V, the amperage from 0 to 999 mA was employed as a source of supply. The precision of voltage setting was 0.1 V, amperage – 1 mA. Connecting wires were made of copper. The modification was implemented with linear scale λ L = 2. The research that was carried out by the method of electrohydrodynamic analogues of liquid distribution on the quick cross-section of the implemented filter confirmed the uniformity of consumption distribution according to the height of its loading, conditioning the improvement of the quality of water purification from various contaminants.
Key words: drinking water, water sources, water quality, agriculture, livestock, water purification filters, modernization of water purification filters.

BOTANY AND SOIL SCIENCE

pp. 111-115

THE PECULIARITIES OF SOILS IN THE PARK OF PAVLOVSK, ST.PETERBURG

V. F. Kovyazin, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor,
Saint Petersburg Mining University
Vasilievsky Ostrov, 21 linia, 2, St.Peterburg, 199026 Russia
E-mail: vfkedr@mail.ru;
A. N. Martinov, Dr. Agr. Sci, Professor,
K. H. Kan, Master’s Degree Student,
T. K. Pham, Master’s Degree Student,
Saint Peterburg State Forestry University named after S.M.Kirov
5, Institutsky Pereulok, St.Peterburg, 194021 Russia
E-mail: kimhung1985@gmail.com; Phamquynhln@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the agrochemical properties of soils in Pavlovsk park of St.Peterburg, having been created of the pure spruce Kislichnaya grove at the end of the XVIII century. The park now allocates 7 natural and anthropogenically transformed landscapes, their soils differ significantly. The results of soil research for 2016 indicate that the composition of the soil cover is of natural zonal soils, anthropogenic natural (agro-, urbo-soil and turbocharged) soils and the anthropogenically converted (urbostratozems, stratozems and stratified) ones. Peaty podzolgley and grayhumus-illuvial-ferruginous soils with acid reaction predominate among the natural ones. The content of humus, the mobile forms of potassium and phosphorus in these soils is not great. The sum of exchanged bases in anthropogenic soils (urbostratozemgrayhumus and stratozemgrayhumus on buried soils) is significantly greater than in the natural ones. These are characterized with a potassium deficiency but with a very high presence/availability of phosphorus. Over the last 250 years the new humus-accumulative horizons had been formed in the park bulk soils, there had appeared the signs of eluviality and illuviating of clay particles on the background of the well distinct stratified horizons. Almost all the park soils are gleied and are periodically experiencing the excessive moisturing.
Key words: Pavlovsk park, anthropogenically converted landscapes, agrochemical properties of soil, urbanozems, stratozems, glaying.

pp. 116-120

RESEARCH ON CENOPOPULATIONS
OF WILD STRAWBERRY (Fragaria Vesca L.) IN PERMSKY KRAI

T. P. Larkina, Cand. Bio. Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: vlarkin2@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The article presents the data of a prolonged biological monitoring of two cenopopulations of Fragaria vesca, located near south-eastern edge of Zakamsk pine forest – the nature sanctuary of Perm region. The devastating forest surface fire of 1999 destroyed a half of the cenopopulation monitored; the second half separated by the firefighting ditch survived. The demographic indicators of cenopopulations of Fragaria vesca were studied for the following years: its age structure, density and the morphologic peculiarities of these plants. Cenopopulation on the destroyed area regenerated slowly, by the year 2012 its density was six times less than that on neighbouring non-damaged plot. The two abnormally rainy summers of 2014 and 2015 radically changed the condition of both cenopopulations. The density of the non-damaged cenopopulation was five times as much by 2016, it became generatively oriented, full-membered. The cenopopulation on the non-damaged plot, generatively oriented, full-membered and rather stable according to the data of 2012, was forced out by Rubus idaeus and Rubus saxatilis – the constant competitors of Fragaria vesca. The density of the cenopopulation decreased four times, and it stopped to be generatively oriented. Ability for regeneration and survival of Fragaria vesca indicates its high dependence on fluctual changes of climatic conditions. Many-year observations let us make the following conclusion: reclaiming new territories, reconstruction of destroyed cenopopulations of Fragaria vesca was the result of vegetative reproduction, the role of sow plants in these processes was minor.
Key words: Fragaria vesca, pyrogenic succession, destructive cenopopulation, age structure, density of cenopopulation.

pp. 120-125

THE PERCULIARITIES OF CULTIVATION AND THE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF GREEK-VALERIAN POLEMONIUM (POLEMONIUM CAERULEUM L.)

V. E. Torikov, Dr. Agr. Sci., I. I. Meshkov, Cand. Agr. Sci.
Bryansk State Agrarian University,
2a, Sovetskaya, s. Kokino, Vygonichskiy District, Bryanskaya oblast, 243365 Russia
E-mail: torikov@bgsha.com

ABSTRACT
The peculiarities of cultivating the greek-valerian polemonium and its element composition have been studied at the specialized agricultural company “Ginseng Ltd.” in Peski of the Unecha district of Bryansk region. This plant is reproduced by the seeds, by the sprouts and by the separating of the perennial rhizomes. The seeds are sown to the depth of 1…2 centimeters close upon winter or in early spring. They germinate at +2…3 degrees of Celsius, the shoots appear at +3…4. Fertile soils with a slightly granulated metric content are preferable for this crop. Acidic soils with a high level of ground waters are not suitable for its cultivation. The best predecessors for the studied culture are arable crops, perennial grasses and bare fallow. Row spacing is 45…60 centimeters. Care for the crop includes weeding and inter-row cultivation. The plants of the second year of vegetation are used for seeds. The seeds ripen in July. For the better growth of rhizomes in the stemming period the cutting off the tops at an altitude of 20…25 centimeters is carried out. It is done at any time the new stems grow. The grass of the two-year-old plants gathered in June is the most biologically active one. The roots are gathered at the period of fading of the over ground parts of plants, in August and September. After shaking the soil off the crops, quick cold water cleaning they are dried in windy (even in bright sunshine) or in well-ventilated place. The dry stuff is suitable for three years. In dry rhizomes and roots of polemonium there was observed the highest content of such microelements like potassium (19,000 milligrams per kilo), calcium (8,100 mg/kg), phosphorus (4,200 mg/kg), magnesium (1,900 mg/kg), sulfur (1,400 mg/kg, silica (970 mg/kg), iron (840 mg/kg) and sodium (70 mg/kg). There were found some differences in accumulating some elements, except cobalt and selenium, their content having been poorly detected by modern devices. The significant accumulation of manganese, titanium, barium, zinc, boron, copper and nickel was ascertained. The content of chromium was 3.0; bromine – 4, zirconium – 1.9 mg/kg. What concerns the harmful and naturally radioactive elements, the dry rhizomes and the roots of Polemonium caeruleum L. contained predominantly aluminum and strontium. The accumulation of lead, cadmium, silver, cesium, arsenic and mercury was low.
Key words: Greel-valerian polemonium (Polemonium caeruleum L.), introduction, medicinal properties, ecology, plant growth and development, agrotechnology, content of macro- and microelements in leaves.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 126-131

PECULIARITIES OF HEMOSTASIS IN CALVES SUFFERING
FROM BRONCHOPNEUMONIA (AN OVERVIEW)

V. M. Aksenova, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor
N. B. Nikulina, Dr. Vet. Sci.
S. V. Gurova, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: gurvet@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The developing an acute bronchopneumonia in calves is followed by decrease of total concentration of erythrocytes in blood, by hematocrete, by dropping in the share of discocytes, by raising the rate of echinocytes andcameloid cells, by changing of the geometrical characteristics (diameter, square) and of the functional condition of erythrocytes membranes ( an increase of acid resistance of erythrocytes, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, sorption capacity of erythrocytes, malonic dialdehyde, catalase activity and a decrease of total antioxidant activity) and by raising of ESR. Redistributive leukocytosis is developing. In the leukocyte formula we registered monocytosis, neutrofilia with raising share of bar-core forms ofgranulacytes and lymphacytopenia. The propotion change of cells in the thrombocitogramma in sick animals’ organisms took place: the number of young, old, degenerative forms of thrombocytes increased, so the forms of distractionhad did; the rate of discocytes in blood lowered and the number of sphere-shaped forms increased. A spontaneous aggregation of thrombocytes in sick calves did not change considerably while the induced adenosine diphosphate aggregation became weak. The given above survey of our data results shows that the developing of acute bronchopneumonia in calves is followed by the changing both of the quantitative and of the qualitative characteristics of erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes and may serve as a new prognostic indicators for diagnostics of this disease.
Key words: bronchopneumonia, calves, erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, thrombocytes, hemostasis.

pp. 131-136

THE INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION
OF SERVICE DOGS

T. N. Bulycheva, Post-graduate Student
V. A. Sitnikov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: sitnikov.59@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of scientific and economic experiment on adding various doses of selenium to the feed prepared for service dogs in the conditions of open-air cage maintenance. It was determined that the diet consisting of the natural fodder having been subjected to water-and-heat treatment satisfied the dog’s needs in all the nutrients. According to the estimate data the content of selenium in this diet exceeded the feeding norm by 14.28 per cent. Laboratory research of the feed prepared showed that the actual selenium content exceeded the norm by 16.66 per cent. Consuming the prepared feed the dogs felt in comfort, the fact was confirmed by the increase of the live weight at the end of the experiment: that in the control group increased by 6.54 per cent, the increase in the first experimental group – by 15.63 per cent, that in the second one – by 10.18 per cent. This rather high increase in the accretion of the live weight is being explained by the presence of the dogs aged 6-9 months in the experimental groups. It was revealed that the selenium adding of 0.13 milligrams per animal contributed to an increase in live weight in the dogs of the first experimental group by 108.82 per cent in comparison with that of the control one and by 43.15 per cent compared with the second experimental group. The dose of 0.065 milligrams of selenium per animal proved to be slightly effective, but the dose of 0.13 milligrams contributed to the effective use of the feed prepared, as it was evidenced by the increase in average daily weight gain. What concerns the biochemical composition of blood there were not observed significant differences in the composition of many components and the selenium in the blood though the latter was presented slightly higher in both experimental groups.
Key words: dogs, diet, selenium, dose, live weight, blood.

pp. 136-140

THE REACTION OF CALVES’ OXYGEN REGIME TO HYPOXIA

M. F. Karashaev, Dr. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor,
Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University
1 «v» Lenina St., Nalchik, 360030 Russia
E-mail: Karashaev59@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The study of hypoxia and its consequences for an organism takes an important place among problems of the modern biology and medicine research on determination of response of the oxygen regime of calves to hypoxemic influence. Examinations of calves are conducted in farms of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic according to the diagram of research. In the calves who passed a hypoxemic training authentically the physiological dead respiratory space decreased, heart rate decreased, the shock volume of blood in case of inhalation of a hypoxemic compound with the under content of oxygen increased. All above described changes led to the fact that partial pressure of oxygen in the mixed blue blood decreased in all groups after course, especially at patients with iron deficiency anemia in calves, what is a consequence of the fact that the bigger amount of oxygen from the arterial blood inflowing to fabrics is utilized. In the course of adaptation to hypoxia calves had changes of external breathing, blood circulation, respiratory function of blood which entailed state changes of the oxygen modes of an organism. The happened increase in profitability of external breathing is demonstrated by reduction of a ventilating equivalent and increase in oxygen effect of the respiratory cycle. Each liter of oxygen began to be utilized from smaller amount of the inhaled air and the circulating blood. In the course of adaptation to hypoxia there were changes of external breathing, blood circulation, respiratory function of blood which entailed state change of the oxygen modes of an organism. Adaptation to the atmospheric hypoxia led to reduction of speed of oxygen arrival into lungs, and increase in speed of oxygen arrival into alveoli. Change of these indices led to fall forward of transport of oxygen arterial blood and oxygen consuming speeds.
Key words: functional system of breathing, content of oxygen, iron deficiency anemia, arterial blood, oxygen regime of the organism.

pp. 140-143

ESTIMATION OF CLINICO-FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF BULL CALVES
AT PULP FATTENING

V. I. Sharandak, Cand. Vet. Sci., Associate Professor
A. Yu. Khashchina, Master, Senior Lecturer
Yu. D. Larionov, Student
Lugansk National Agrarian University
1, LNAU St., Lugansk, 91008 Ukraine
E-mail: nusa_lnau@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
At a base of Limited Liability Company named after Engels in Novopskovsky District of Lugansk Region there was studied the clinico-functional condition of young cattle of Simmental breed at long fattening. The groups were formed with the method of balanced group-analogues. The age of bull-calves at putting to fattening was twelve months, and live weight – 200-215 kilograms. Durability of fattening of the first group comprised 70-120 days, that of the second – 150-180. The structure of the diet at the farm was as follows: roughage made up 7.2 per cent; green forage – 67.2 per cent; concentrated one – 25.6 per cent. Blood was the subject for the research. Erythrocytes and leukocytes hwere determined with mixing method in blood-counting chamber with Goryaev datagrid, leukogram was deduced in smears, colored according to the method of Romanovsky-Gimza, and hemoglobin content was determined with hemoglobin-cyanide method, the hematocrit value – with the microcentrifugation method. In the blood serum the determination of total protein content was carried out by refractometry, colloid-sludge probes – formuloid, sulemic – according to Ingrinsted, the activity of indicators ferments AcAT (n=152) by kinetic method (Felding P.et al.,1981), AlAT by the method of Reutman and Frenkel (1957), GGT – by the Szasmethod. The research was conducted in Lugansk laboratory of veterinary medicine. The prolonged fattening of young cattle according to the diet containing very little roughage, but having sour pulp as the basis causes developing polymorphic pathologies of internal organs and of metabolism. An early indicator of liver pathology in bull-calves is an activity of AcAT, that increased at 90 per cent of the animals.
Key words: gobies, diet, pulp, liver, blood, protein, AcAT.

pp. 144-148

THE INFLUENCE OF FEED SUPPLEMENT “KOSTOVIT-FORTE”
ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD INDUCES AT FATTENING PIGS

O. Yu. Yunusova, Cand. Bio. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: olur76@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
Possibility to improve and normalize metabolic processes in fattening pigs fed with vitamin and mineral supplement “Kostovit forte” added to the combined fodder was studied at the OAO “Permskii swinokompleks” (Perm swine production complex Open Joint Stock Company) in Krasnokamskii District of the Permskii krai. The study was conducted with 60 young fattening pigs divided into four equal groups – three experimental and one control group. Mass and age were taken into account at selecting. Animals of the control group were fed complete feed SK-6 and SK-7, fattening pigs of experimental group 1 were additionally fed vitamin and mineral feed supplement “Kostovit forte” at a dose 0.5 kg per 1 t of combined fodder, animals of experimental group 2 – 1.0 kg per 1 t of combined fodder, animals of group 3 – 1.5 kg per 1 kg of combined fodder. It was established that the studied feed supplement at a dose 1 kg per 1 t of combined fodder corrects hemopoiesis contributing to the increase of erythrocytes number by 4.19 % (Р≤0.05) and hemoglobin level by 1.38 % (Р≤0.05). The highest changes in indices were noticed in pigs of experiment group 2 fed feed supplement “Kostovit forte” at a dose of 1.0 kg per 1 t of combined fodder: total protein content in whey increased by 3.25 %, content of albumins – by 4.82%, glucose – 14.24%, calcium – by 5.04 % and phosphorus – by 7.95 %. According to the obtained results, feeding with vitamin and mineral feed supplement “Kostavit forte” at a dose of 1.0 kg per 1 t of combined fodder positively influences biochemical and morphological composition of blood what is the evidence of increase of metabolic processes in animals’ organism.
Key words: feeding, swine, feed supplement “Kostovit forte”, blood, hematological and biochemical induces.

ECONOMY
AND ACCOUNTANCY

pp. 149-155

IMPLEMENTATION OF OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAM
FOR AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT IN PERMSKY KRAI

O. I. Katlishin, Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor
A. S. Baleevskikh, Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: katol81@narod.ru
ABSTRACT
The general characteristics of the program of Agro-Industrial Complex of Permsky Krai were presented. This is made from the standpoint of the indicators of estimation of the program implementation. The plan-fact analyses of the main report indicators was also performed. There was revealed a significant difference in the approaches to estimating the development of agro-industry at federal and regional levels, being conditioned both by the regional specifics and by the ideological policy of the Krai authorities in the sphere of agricultural development (this had been clearly depicted in the choosing of the estimation indicators). In the course of the research there were used the non-secret sources of information (data of Perm Statistics Committee, information from the official website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Foodstuff of Permsky Krai). The analyses were carried out according to two groups of key development indicators: in the first case by these approved by the Decree of Perm Krai Government and in the second case the results of regional agro-industry development evaluated through the prism of the indicators adopted by the Resolution of the Russian Federation Government. At analyzing the achieving of the main indicators of the Ministry of Agriculture of Permsky Krai for the period of 2014-2015 years there was revealed a high degree of fulfilling the program of development of agro-industry of the Krai. Practically all the previously planned indicators of the program were achieved, with the exception of the number of employees engaged in agricultural production. In particular according to the first and the main the most general indicator of efficiency of this branch-the profit-over fulfilling comprised 84 per cent in 2014, 70 per cent in 2015, at the absolute meaning of the gross financial result, being 2905.8 and 2949 million roubles, respectively. The remaining indicators (the share in structure of population expenditures on food of the local agricultural enterprises of agro-industry, labor productivity, the share of the profitable organizations, etc.) were also implemented in general. At the analyzing the results of development of the Krai agro-industry through a prism of the planned federal indicators there was found a complete non-fulfillment practically according to all the indicators.
Key words: agrobusiness development program, national project, indicators, state support.