AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY

pp. 3-7

INNOVATIVE MODELS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTIVITY
IN THE CULTIVATION OF PERENNIAL GRASSES

Iu.N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614900 Russia
Е-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
Forage production in the new century is distinguished by a breakthrough of new technologies and preparation of herbal feed that is highly necessary for dairy cows. This is especially characteristic for advanced industrial countries G-20 with a developed agricultural sector. Innovative technologies of agriculture are more widely used in domestic and Perm poultry production, as well as in dairy cattle breeding. Innovation is always the end product of intellectual activity received an embodiment in the form of a new or improved product or service marketed, or advanced technological process used in practical work. The head of the State Corporation Rosnano A.B. Chubais gave an aphoristic definition to the term: «Making knowledge from money is science, making money from knowledge – innovation». The state of the forage supply and livestock productivity correlates closely and defines the efficiency and productivity of the agricultural labour. Highly energetic and productive perennial herbs are an important reserve for fodder production. Their productivity can be predicted based on adaptive modeling on the specified parameters. This task is outside the scope of this article.
Key words: innovative technologies, productivity, herbal feed, technological process, perennial grasses.

pp. 8-13

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING
ON SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS

E.V. Kuzina,Cand.Agr.Sci.,
Ulyanovskii Research Institute of Agriculture,
19 Institutskaya St., Timiryazevskii, Ulyanovskii rayon, Ulyanovskaya oblast 433315 Russia
E-mail: elena.kuzina@autorambler.ru, ulniish@mv.ru

ABSTRACT
The paper gives the results of research on study of effectiveness of the conventional and beardless tillage, as well as small mulching, zero and ridge-coulisse tillage of soil. The influence of systems of main tillage of soil on its food mode and productivity is shown; the economic assessment of the studied systems of tillage is given. Results of the research allow us to make a choice of optimum decisions on application of various ways of tillage at cultivation of winter wheat increasing productivity and quality of grain due to optimization of agrophysical, agrochemical and biological properties of the soil, and ensuring fertility. At the expense of the mineralized lines and the ridge coulisses, conditions of nitrogenous nutrition improve by 41-58% and moisture provision of winter wheat improves by 13-20%. That leads to increase of productivity by 0.42-0.51 t/ha and gives economic advantages in comparison with annual plowing, reduces 2-3 times the number of technological operations at the main processing of the soil, due to reduction of costs per unit of production, promotes decrease in prime cost and increase of profit per 1 Rouble of expenses.
Key words: plowing, ridge-coulisse tilling, moisture reserves, grain yield, conditional net income.

pp. 13-18

INFLUENCE OF CHEMICALS AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION ON NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN CROP HARVEST OF SEVEN-FIELD CROP ROTATION

S.N. Nikitin, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture
19 Institutskaya St., settlement Timiryazevskii, Ulyanovskaya oblast, 433315, Russia
E-mail: S_nikitin@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The article deals with the results of long-term studies on the effectiveness of the actions and effectiveness of different types of organic fertilizers, diatomite and pre-sowing seed treatment with biological drugs. The studies revealed that the effects of different types of organic fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment with biological drugs increase the accumulation of nitrogen in grain and straw. The greatest flow of nitrogen in products was contributed by the effects of sewage sludge and manure at high doses in combination with pre-sowing seed treatment with biologics.
Key words: organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers, biological product, crop residues, productivity, crop rotation.

pp. 18-23

ANALYSIS OF WINTER SOWING STATE IN THE FIRST HALF
OF WINTERING AND YIELD FORECAST FOR 2015

R.B. Sharipova, Cand. Geo. Sci.,
M.M. Sabitov, Cand. Agr. Sci., Leading Researcher, Agriculture Department
Ulyanovskii Research Institute of Agriculture
19 Institutskaya St., Timiryazevskii, Ulyanovskii rayon, Ulyanovskaya oblast 433315 Russia
e-mail: resedasharipova63@mail.ru, m_sabitov@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Climatic conditions of Ulyanovsk region such as rainfall and temperature regime are unstable by years and vegetation period. Due to climate change, agro-climatic factors often determine adverse and even extreme conditions of growing period of winter wheat. In this article, we analyze winter crops evolution conditions in autumn and in the first half of wintering for the 2015. According to agro-meteorological Timiryazevskiy station’s observation, we described in details agro-climatic conditions of winter crops evolution in period from sowing to first half of wintering. We revealed dynamics of productive moisture stocks, soil freezing, the temperature at a depth of tillering node, height and density of snow cover, and moisture reserves in snow. Result data of monolithic plant growing and sugar content, which indicates on favorable plant wintering conditions, are attached to the article. Due to the favorable conditions created for asphyxiation, we calculated the forecast for thinning in the meteorological conditions; we presented the estimates of general forecast for the winter crops yield for 2015 as well.
Key words: winter crops, wintering, temperature at a depth of tillering node, asphyxiation, yield forecast, soil freezing, snow cover height, temperature, rainfall.

pp. 24-29

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN ULYANOVSK REGION ON ACIDITY OF SOILS

R.B. Sharipova, Сand. Geo. Sci.
Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture
19 Institutskaya St., Timiryazevsky, Ulyanovskii district, Ulyanovskaya oblast, 433315, Russia
E-mail: resedasharipova63@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
In the article, we analyze the influence of modern climatic changes in the region on soil acidity in the Ulyanovsk region. Indubitably, soil acidity increasing factors work interconnected, but the part of climatic factors is specific. They cause and directly define intensity of acidulation. Results of such research are necessary for the adaptation’s problem solution in various aspects of activities. According to research 1961-2010, long-term monthly average temperatures acquired a steady trend to increase in the Ulyanovsk region. Average annual temperature change’s speed is positive and comprises 1.8°C/50 years. The observation of rainfall amount changes over the last 50 years on months showes its steady increase in June, January, February, March, May, June, September, October and December. Comparison of soil acidity change with agro-meteorological resources shows that the closest connection is observed between acidity of soils and the annual sum of rainfall (r=0.76±sr), Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient of the State Customs Committee – (r=0.62±sr), rainfall of the warm period plays an important role in acidulation of soils (r=0.67±sr). As for the average annual air temperature parameters, they are insignificant – 0.03, and April – October average air temperature shows inverse dependence, that is: temperature rise promotes the decrease of acidic soil areas. So, climate change in the region, especially increase of annual sum of rainfall, promotes soils acidity increase in the Ulyanovsk region.
Key words: climate change, rainfall, temperature, acidity of soils, hydrothermal coefficient, adaptation.

AGRO-ENGINEERING

pp. 30-35

INFLUENCE OF SLIDING ANGLE ON WOOD CUTTING PER-UNIT WORK

N.F. Baranov – Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor;
V.S. Fufachev – Cand. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor;
I.V. Stupin – Post-Graduate Student
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
133 Oktyabrsky Prospect, Kirov, 610017, Russia
E-mails: fuf.vs@mail.ru.

ABSTRACT
References concerning use of wood as alternative energy resources for agricultural production, as well as results of research on influence of efficiency factors on working process of the disk cutting devices, allowing obtaining fuel spill, were analyzed. Dependences for determination of sliding coefficient, based on design data of the cutting device, are presented. The technique of pilot studies of the wood chipper RB-750 for the purpose to minimize specific energy consumption in the crushing process is given. Based on the results of the experiment, the regression equations for determination of optimum values of pinching angle and sliding coefficient were received.
Key words: wood chipper, sliding angle, angle of pinching, sliding coefficient, cutting per-unit work, optimization criterion.

pp. 36-45

ENHANCEMENT OF PREDICTION POSSIBILITIES OF THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY OF METAL ALLOY PRODUCTS

V.S. Koshman, Cand. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru
ABSTRACT
The introduction of agriculture promising technologies involves the design of new structures with a desired level of thermal conductivity alloys and steels. Availability of information on their thermal conductivity is a prerequisite for carrying out engineering calculations of thermal conditions for the realization of technological processes. Despite the significant amount of existing research and the thermal conductivity of chemically pure metals and metal alloys is one of the least studied their physical properties. It is noted that due to the wide range of information on the thermal conductivity of alloys of each of them can be obtained empirically. So far, there is no rigorous calculation of thermal conductivity alloys by molecular — kinematic and quantum theory. The estimates of the order of magnitude of thermal conductivity alloys within the known methods each time turns into quite a challenge. For these reasons, the problem remains urgent to find new ways to predict the thermal conductivity of alloys with a minimum amount of available experimental data. According to the modern theory of metals, their thermal conductivity is directly proportional to the mean free path L electrons in the crystal lattice. Following the ideas of quantum theory in L — approximation, an equation for calculating the thermal conductivity of alloys was obtained. In copper — nickel alloy it is shown that the results of the calculation of the thermal conductivity agrees well with the experimental data and the results of generalization for substitution alloys, carried out by other authors. We also obtained the equation showing the relationship between the average atomic volumes and the mean free path of electrons alloys and initial components on the one hand and their atomic concentrations of the other. The resulting equation reflects the variability of the average atomic volumes in substitutional alloys with increasing concentrations of soluble atoms, which is characteristic of the known effect of superstructure contraction. It was found that the thermal conductivity of pure metal and metal alloy is directly proportional to the ratio of the mean free path of the electrons to the average cross sectional area of atoms in the crystal lattice. The proposed equations for calculating the thermal conductivity of alloys, the average atomic volumes in them, as well as the sectional area of the atoms are simple, but contain an unknown parameter, which can be found experimentally or otherwise. It is shown that the thermal conductivity of metals is directly proportional to the ratio of the mean free path of electrons to the cross-sectional area of the atom.
Key words: chemically pure metals, metal alloys, thermal conductivity, the mean free path of the electrons, the atomic concentration, addition theorem, the average atomic volume, superstructure contraction, the average cross-sectional area of the atom.

pp. 45-50

EXTENSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION LONGEVITY
OF LEGUMINOSE GRASSES IN NATURAL AND CULTURED LANDS

R.F. Kurbanov, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor;
I.N. Khodyrev, Post-Graduate Student
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
133 Oktyabrsky Prospect, Kirov, 610017, Russia
E-mails: kurrust@mail.ru.

ABSTRACT
The article deals with new techniques of band sowing of herbs seeds with alternation of sites different in their species structure and band sowing of winter grain crops in perennial leguminose grass sod. Main objective of these techniques is extension of production usage of grass plantings with high efficiency during all term of use. In the production research on the first technique, seeds of Lotus corniculatus «Solnyshko» and seeds of clover «Martun» were used. On the second technique, the seeds of winter rye «Falenskaya 4» were sown in old clover. The results of laboratory and field observation on emergence of shoots in band sowings and results of production research in the conditions Kirovskaya oblast are presented.
Key words: leguminose grasses, usage period of plantings, techniques of band sowing, rotation, herbs yield.

pp. 50-54

ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF MACHINE AND TRACTOR UNITS ON THE BASIS OF TRACK-WHEEL AND ROW-CROP TRACTORS

A.A. Loparev, Dr. Eng. Sci., Associate Professor,
A.S. Komkin, Cand. Eng. Sci., Senior Lecturer
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
133 Oktyabrsky Prospect, Kirov, 610017, Russia
E-mail: av-tr.vgsha@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
In this article the research of machine and tractor units was made on the basis of track-wheel tractors, the energy indicators of their work, which were given in comparison to wheel-type tractors, were defined. Based on the references the authors concluded the topicality substantiation and issues of this research which were defined as the energy indicators (draft resistance, fuel consumption and energy efficiency) of three machine and tractor units: MTZ-82GK+PLN-4-35, MTZ-80GK+RVK-3.6, and MTZ-80GK+KPS-4. Operating efficiency of the tractor MTZ-82 GK with four-furrow plough PLN-4-35 and compound units was estimated. The research of the cultivator units shows that the track-wheel tractor also provides harrowing. Operating speed was within the bounds of agrotechnical tolerable intervals.
Key words: track-wheel tractor, machine and tractor unit, energy assessment.

pp. 55-60

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ELEMENT MOTION IN A CURVED PNEUMATIC
CONVEYOR CHANNEL

V.E. Saitov, Dr. Eng. Sci., Аssociate Professor,
A.N. Suvorov, Senior Lecturer,
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
133 Oktyabrsky Prospect, Kirov, 610017, Russia
E-mail: vicsait-valita@e-kirov.ru

ABSTRACT
The mathematical model of the element motion in a curved pneumatic conveyor channel is presented in this work. This model takes into account the element gravitation force and windstream reactive force, which reflects on the element in windstream, as well as speed irregularity in the distribution of windstream in section of curved pneumatic conveyor channel (PCC). Curved channel which was made by two cylindrical surfaces is observed. The curved channel of variable depth formed with help of decentration of inner wall from the center of the outer wall. It is necessary to select characteristics of PCC (pneumatic conveyor channel) whereby channel provides transfer of all endurable elements from aspirating channel into air cleaner and air flow rate at the outlet of PCC sufficient for the effective operation of the air cleaner. Free computer mathematics program suite SciLab 5.5.1. was used for model analysis. Using numerical methods the particles movement path in the PTC depending on the weighing velocity in the air flow was obtained. The study of received pathway helps to estimate constructive-process variable of PCC for providing of required performance indicator.
Key words: air-drill, pneumatic conveyor channel, windstream, grain-cleaner, grain material, light black dockage.

BOTANY AND SOIL SCIENCE

pp. 61-65

EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTATION OF SYRINGA VULGARIS L, S. X CHINENSIS WILLD AND S.AMURENSIS RUPR ON LIGUSTRUM VULGARE L

V.A. Bgashev, Cand.Agr.Sci.,
Nizhnii Volzhsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture (NVSRIA)
Oblast agricultural experimental station, Gorodishchenskii district, Volgogradskaia oblast, 403013, Russia
E-mail: profi-club@list.ru

ABSTRACT
Method of transplantation allows combining tissues, organs and parts of genetically heterogeneous organisms in a single body and thus obtaining multicomponent plants with new properties. In order to create cultivars of lilacs not forming the underground stolons and shoots with altered rates of growth and development on a testing site of NVSRIA since 2007 there have been studies on the affinity of varieties Syringa vulgaris L., S x chinensis Willd and S. amurensis Rupr with Ligustrum vulgare L. The experiment included the following varieties of S. vulgaris – Krasavitsa Mockvy (1947), M-me Florent Stepman (1908) and Mulatka (1980), two clones of S. x chinensis and seedling S. amurensis. The transplantation was carried out during budding in the summer, easy saddle grafting in open ground and indoors in winter. Winter grafting was cultivated in containers. Each combination of grafting was duplicated 20 times. Survival rate was not less than 80%. In the first year, the best growth of shoots up to 1m was observed after inoculation. At the 6th year after grafting the plant height of varieties Krasavitsa Mockvy and M-me Florent Stepman on the rootstock L. vulgare was 2.2 m and variety Mulatka was 2.7 m, with a diameter of crown up to 1.2 m. In this age at the place of grafting the scions and rootstocks diameters are almost identical, thickening of components of the vaccine and is synchronous with the growth of the diameter L. vulgare is accelerated. After grafting varieties Krasavitsa Mockvy on which leaves mosaic virus appears occasionally, rootstock privet showed tolerance to infection. Clones of S. x chinensis, grafted onto L. vulgare bloom on the 2nd-3rd year and have more moderate growth than non-grafted plants of clones. The intensity of growth for S. amurensis L. vulgare reduced for 2 times. As a result, all two-component plants show good viability, have a moderate growth; they do not have the root growth. The obtained information is basic for the modern nursery.
Key words: Ligustrum vulgare L., plant viruses, saddle grafting, mosaic, planting, budding, plant symbiotes, s.amurensis Rupr, s. x chinensis Willd, Syringa vulgaris L, compatibility, transplantation.

pp. 66-71

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FREQUENCY OF ANDROCLINAL EMBRYOIDS FORMING IN PARENT VARIETIES, HYBRIDS F1 AND HYBRIDS F1 DIHAPLOID LINES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT

N.N. Kruglova, Dr. Biol. Sci., Professor
O.A. Seldimirova, Cand. Biol. Sci.,
Ufa Institute of Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences
69 Prospect Octyabrya, Ufa 450054 Russia
E-mail: kruglova@anrb.ru

ABSTRACT
The study was carried out in 2012-2014 in the Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Ural). The formation of androclinal embryoids (embryo like structures) in in vitro isolated anther culture of spring soft wheat was investigated. The frequency of embryoid formation (FEF) as percentage relation of forming embryoid number to common number of anthers inoculated in vitro on nutrient medium was counted. The ability to form embryoids was established in 73 varieties from 186 tested. From them as the parent varieties were selected 7 which are intensively used in selection programmes. The comparison of FEF of parent varieties, its reciprocal hybrids F1 and hybrid F1 dihaploid lines was made. It was established that parent varieties were characterized by high (20.00% and more, varieties Skala and Zhniza), average (10.00-19.99%, varieties Sonalika, Simbirka, Shafran, Moskovskaya 35) and low (from 9.99%, variety Khazahstanskaya 10) FEF. The absence of unambiguous dependence between FEF of parent varieties and their reciprocal hybrids F1 from each direction of crossing was demonstrated. It was revealed that FEF of hybrid F1 dihaploid lines decreased significantly in all studied genotypes and did not exceed 10%. Varieties Skala and Zhniza are recommended to the use in the selection programmes as donor genotypes for production of androclinal embryoids.
Key words: biotechnology, androcliny, anther culture in vitro, spring soft wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 66-77

PREVENTION AND PHARMACOTHERAPY OF EDEMAGENOSIS
AND CEPHENOMIOSIS IN REINDEER

E.S. Kazanovskii, Dr.Vet.Sci., Pechora Veterinary Department Head,
V.P. Karabanov, Senior Researcher, Pechora Veterinary Department,
K.A. Klebenson, Senior Researcher, Pechora Veterinary Department
State Scientific Establishment Agricultural Research Institute of the Komi Republic of the RAAS
12, Depovskaya St., Pechora, Komi Republic 169609 Russia
E-mail: poniish@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Myioses in reindeer – edemagenosis and cephenomiosis – refer to invasion diseases, which etiological agents are parasitizing in the body Hypodermatidae and Oestridae larvae. Each of the agents has a certain cycle of development. Parasitizing period lasts for 9 months. The Hypodermatidae larvae are located under the skin of the back in quantities from a few dozen to a hundred or more pieces. The Oestridae larvae localize in the ethmoidale in passages and choanae up to several dozens. During the period of development, larvae grow from microscopic size up to 2-3 cm in length and 1-1.5 cm in width due to the nutrients of the body. Herein the reindeer lose fatness, the organism resistance decreases, the product quality falls. In addition, botflies disturb calm grazing of reindeer in summer time. To combat the botflies successfully summer protective spraying and early pharmacotherapy are successful. For these purposes are used insecticides of contact and systemic action (pyrethroids, iver- avermectins).
Key words: reindeer husbandry, myioses, edemagenosis, cephenomiosis, insecticides, pharmacotherapy, ivermectins, avermectins, tander, corral.

ECONOMY AND ACCOUNTANCY

pp. 78-81

LAND MANAGEMENT AS BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL
SUBSIDIARY FARMS

S.V. Suslikov, Chief Specialist
Town Planning and Architecture Department Perm Administration,
15 Sibirskaya St., Perm, 614000, Russia
E-mail: wandragor@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The proceeding crisis in agricultural branch of the country negatively influences providing citizens with products of agriculture. In these conditions, personal subsidiary farms (PSF) are the guarantor of providing inhabitants with agricultural products, and play an essential role in food security of the country. However, the legislation not fully regulates formation of the land plots for PSF and their sizes, thereby creating conditions for PSF exceeding the maximum norms of granting. Often such sites are built up with buildings. It leads to violation of productive agricultural grounds, structures of land use that negatively affects development and economic efficiency of agricultural branch. For the solution of the designated problems, it is necessary to change an order of formation of the land plots for personal subsidiary farm – introduction of the land management stage assuming the organization of lands of agricultural purpose in borders of municipality. Creation of such scheme will allow defining land massifs necessary for maintaining and development of agricultural production by the enterprises, personal subsidiary farms and peasant farming, and also for expansion of perspective settlements, creation near the woods and reservoirs of summer cottages. Such organization of lands will allow pursuing reasonable agricultural and urban policy that will favorably affect development of personal subsidiary farms and, respectively, food security of the country.
Key words: personal subsidiary farms, land management, land shares, import substitution.