pp. 3-5

THE UNITY OF THE DIFFERENT: THE CENTENNIAL OF INCORPORATION
OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN PREDURALIE
(devoted to the 100th anniversary of the Perm Agriculture Research Institute)

Iu.N. Zubarev, Dr. Agr.Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
Е-mail: zemledel@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
Agriculture of the Permskii krai region is diversified. One of its priority clusters is livestock, since the crop production has the fodder production direction. A number of regional farms engage in seed production, field cultivation of potatoes and vegetables. However, the share of imports of basic foodstuffs (milk, meat products) in Permskii krai remains significant. Perm Research Institute is the institution providing scientific support for regional agricultural enterprises, the centre for the interaction of science and industry. This is both a creative team of intellectual work that realizes the transformation of scientific achievements and high-tech products in the productive force of the economy. New time sends a signal to agricultural science and industry to consolidate resources to create the point of growth of innovation development of the agro-industrial sector in Preduralie.
Key words: science centre, scientific achievements, science and industry, point of growth, innovative development.

AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY

pp. 6-11

SOFT-RAY RADIOGRAPHY – EFFECTIVE METHOD
OF IDENTIFYING GERMLESSNESS VEGETABLE UMBRELLA CULTURES

Bukharov A.F., Dr.Agr.Sci., Chief Researcher,
Baleev D.N., Cand.Agr.Sci., Senior Researcher,
FGBNU VNIIO, build. 500, Vereya, Ramenskii district, Moscow oblast 140153 Russia
E-mail: baleev.dmitry@yandex.ru
Musaev F.B., Cand. Agr. Sci., Head of the sector for adaptive seed production
FGBNU VNIISSOK,
14 Selektsionnaya St, VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district,
Moscow oblast, 143080 Russia
E-mail: musayev@bk.ru

ABSTRACT
One of the most promising methods for detecting hidden defects of seed is the method of soft-ray radiography that allows without destroying the seed visualizing all its internal forming elements and their density, size and structural abnormalities. X-ray analysis as an effective method of seed quality control allows you to get fundamentally new information about their intrinsic properties and being non-destructive, provides in combination with other methods (morphophysiological, biochemical, luminescent and others) a higher level of expert assessment of seeds quality. Seeds of fennel, carrots, parsnip and lovage were used for X-ray analysis of the internal structure. The method of soft-ray radiography revealed that germlessness varies in different seed cultures studied. In carrot seeds, germlessness varies from 9 to 11%, in dill from 5 to 9%, in lovage from 2 to 12%, and it reaches 15% in parsnip. The number of seeds with endosperm degenerated depending on the year of studies is 7 — 36%. The overall proportion of seeds that have a damaged fetus and (or) the endosperm up in different cultures studied is 19 — 79%. Damages result in reduced seed production (by 11-45%), 1000 seeds mass (by 12-40%), plant vigor (by 13-100%) and germination (by 10-82%) depending on the crop.
Key words: seeds, endosperm, germ, Umbellíferae, radiographic analysis, germlessness.

pp. 11-18

RIPENING MAIZE GRAIN IN NORTHERN ZONES OF MAIZE SEEDING

S.L. Eliseev, Dr. Agr. Sci., Professor;
A.S. Eliseev, Cand. Agr. Sci., Senior Teacher,
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: psaa-eliseev@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
By the example of Permskii krai, the forecast of ripening grain of different in precocity maize hybrids was given using the techniques of the Agro-Ecology Institute of the Chelyabinsk Agro-Engineering Academy. An evaluation of thermal resources, precipitation and relative humidity of air in different parts of the region in a decade was conducted. The aim of the research was to determine the probability of obtaining the maize with moisture no more than 28% in conditions of Permskii krai. Established that the degree days in the vegetation period of the cultivar varied from 1278 °C to 2473°C in 2005-2014. Conditions of heat in southern parts of the krai guarantee a high likelihood of corn hybrids FAO 130-180 with a grain moisture content no more than 45%. Established that the conditions of Permskii krai do not provide a 100% guarantee of maturation of precocious maize hybrids of FAO 100-120. The likelihood of grain humidity no more than 28% is in selected areas from 40 to 70%. In years with the sum of active temperatures for June-August 1850° C or less it is recommended to harvest maize crops for the forage.
Key words: maize, degree days, ripeness of grain, grain moisture, corn.

pp. 18-23

FORAGE AND SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING VETCH IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

N.I. Kasatkina, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
Zh.S. Nelyubina, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
P.L. Churakov, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
The Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture
1 Lenina St, s. Pervomayskii, Zavyalovskii district, Udmurt Republic 427007
E-mail: ugniish@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
Despite the large areas under forage crops cultivation in the Udmurt Republic, forage harvested is not enough, due to the low yield of crops, their monotonous set. One of the most important conditions to increase the quantity and quality of harvested forage production is the most productive and valuable quality of crops and varieties that meet the requirements of today’s intensive feed production. Promising forage crop in this direction in terms of the Udmurt Republic is spring vetch. Field experiments on identification of feed and seed productivity of vetch in spring 2011-2014 in accordance with the requirements of the methodology of experienced cases on middle clay loamy sod-podzolic soil. The collection nursery included recommended by originators 6 varieties of spring vetch breeding Agricultural Research Institute of the central districts of Non-chernozemie and the all-Russian Scientific Research Institute of legumes and cereal crops. The impermanence of agrometeorological conditions on years of research has greatly affected the productivity of forage varieties of spring vetch. In average in 4 year research harvest of dry matter amounted to 2.6 -3.4 t/ha, what is at the level of control (sort Lyudmila) – 3.1 t/ha. A trend for increasing forage productivity was educed in Nikolskaya, Belorozovaya 109 and Nemchinovskaya yubileinaya varieties. Dry matter of spring vetch contained a crude protein 17.0 -18.2%, the concentration of exchange energy amounted to 9.7-10.3 MJ. The most valuable on quality of fodder mass were Nikolskaya, Belorozovaya 109, and Nemchinovskaya yubileinaya varieties: gross yield of fodder units in these varieties was higher by 0.14 -0.39 thousand/ha, the exchange energy – by 1.1 -3.7 GJ/ha, crude protein by 0.03 – 0.06 t/ha. Despite the high forage value and productivity of the studied varieties of vetch, the cultivated areas depend on the seed productivity embedded in the production of varieties. We found a significant advantage of Nemchinovskaya yubileinaya (seed yield – 2.11t/ha) compared to control Lyudmila.
Key words: spring vetch, variety trials, seed efficiency, feed efficiency, forage quality.

AGRO-ENGINEERING

pp. 24-33

SPEED OF SEEDS FLOW ON THE DECK OF THE VIBRO-PNEUMATIC SEPARATOR
OF IMPROVED DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF ITS WORK UNDER HIGH LOAD

V.D. Galkin, Dr. Eng. Sci., Professor,
A.A. Khavyev, V.A. Khandrikov, Cand. Eng. Sci.,
K.A. Grubov, I. Iu. Kozlovskii, V.U. Gorbunov,
I.P. Mengaliev, S.V. Galkin, P.S. Serebrennikov – engineers,
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
113a Geroev Khasana St, Perm 614025 Russia
E-mail:engineer@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT
The aim of the research is an analytical and experimental determination of the average speed of seed on deck of the vibro-pneumatic separator of the improved design and evaluation of its work under high load. In order to achieve the aim? theoretical methods were used in the work in compiling and solving differential equations. The evaluation of results of the theoretical research and performance indicators under excessive load of vibro-pneumatic separator was conducted in the laboratory experiments. On the basis of theoretical studies on the movement of particles vibrating perforated surfaces on an inclined air flow, we calculated the average speed of the material on the deck surface depending on various factors. The studies showed that increasing speed of the inclined air flow and the oscillation frequency of a deck increases average transfer speed of seeds and, therefore, specific performance increases. Experimental research on maquette sample of vibro-pneumatic showed that the average speed of the material obtained in the experiments by unit loads 1.5-2.0 kg/m2 with as if exposed to air flow, and without it, reasonably close to the calculated values. The evaluation of the vibro-pneumatic separator showed that when the configuration value of unit loads exceeding 2.8 kg/m2 and with frequency fluctuations of the deck within 570-600 1/min, it provides the average degree of separation of lightweight impurities (bunias) not less than 97%, and the loss of seeds in the waste – less than 6%.
Key words: vibro-pneumatic separator, hard separable impurities, differential equations, speed of seeds, fullness of impurities precipitation, loss of seeds.

BOTANY AND SOIL SCIENCE

pp. 34-49

ECOLOGAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL COVER IN PERM: HEAVY METALS AND ARSENIC

A.A. Vasiliev, Cand.Agr.Sci., Associate Professor,
E.S. Lobanova, Cand.Bio.Sci., Senior Teacher,
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: kf.pochv.pgsh@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
The object of the research was the soil cover of Perm. The aim of the research was the study of the profile and spatial distribution, content and interaction of heavy metals and arsenic in soils of Perm for ecological and geochemical estimation of soil cover of the city. The main metals-pollutants of the soil cover in the city are Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Zn and Cr. Soil contamination of the city has a poly-element character. The gross content of Zn, As, Pb, Ni, Cu largely exceeds the bulk and background earth value around the profile of the studied sections in urban soils. Heavy metals-pollutants distribute in the soil profiles on the accumulative type. Established that in the 0-20cm layer of the surface horizons (U, AYur, AY, P) of the city the concentration of Zn, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Sr is higher than in the sample soils of the forest landscapes of Permskii krai (middle taiga) and in the soils of fixed parcels at the FGUP GTsAS “Permskii” (Zn, As, Pb, Cu). The concentration of Mn, Sr, Ba in soils exceeds the regional background. The highest ranks of geochemical variability, risk factors, concentration ratios of soil pollution are characteristic for Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Zn and Cr. The content of Pb, As, Ni and Cu in roadside soils is higher than in boulevard, park and residential areas soils. Rare-earth metals (Y, Zr, Rb, La, Ce) do not take active part in soil pollution in Perm. The graduation of centile intervals of the the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic in surface soil horizons of the city and the overall performance of the elemental chemical pollution was established. A high level of similarity of chemical elements was educed in four geochemical associations: Cr-Ni, Zr-Y-Rb, Zn-Pb-Cu, Mn-Sr.
Key words: urban soils, heavy metals, geochemical rows, danger coefficient, centile scale, correlation.

pp. 50-55

STRUCTURAL-AGGREGATE COMPOSITION AND WATER STABILITY
OF SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES GRASSES

M.A. Nesmeyanova, Assistant,
Voronezh SAU named after the Emperor Peter I
1 Michurina St, Voronezh 394068 Russia
E-mail: marina-nesmeyanova2012@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT
In conditions of today’s agriculture, we notice an intensive influence of heavy agricultural machinery on soil. Along with the absence of vegetation on a ploughed field in post-harvest and fallow period, as well as the effects of biological processes with an annual deficit of fresh organic matter leads to mechanical destruction of aggregates, to structurelessness of arable soils. Today, therefore, the issue of maintaining, improving and restoring the structure is quite relevant. The objective of our research was to study the influence of legumes in their process of growth and development on soil structure and its water stability. Structural-aggregate composition of the soil and its water stability were determined by N.I. Savvinov’s technique (dry and wet sieving). This article contains the results of the research of the Agriculture Department of the Voronezh SAA on cultivation of legumes in the link of the crop sunflower – fallow – winter wheat, used both as a binary component of sunflower and wheat and as fallow cultures. The biologisation method achieved the improvement of soil structure (structure factor increased by 0.17-0.74 units) and the increase in its water stability (by 1.98-5.71 abs.%). As a result of the research, conclusions were drawn about the favorable impact of perennial legumes grasses on the formation of agronomically valuable soil layer 0-30 cm.
Key words: structure, water stability, fallow, helianthus.

pp. 55-64

INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY TILLAGE PRACTICES IN SOUTH-TAIGA SUBZONE ON ORGANIC MATTER STATE IN SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

I. A. Samofalova, Associate Professor,
N. Iu. Kamenskikh, Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy,
23 Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: samofalovairaida@mail.ru
R. Kizilkaya, Associate Professor,
Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
T. Ashkin, Associate Professor,
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey

ABSTRACT
It was established that organic matter content in soil can change depending on the primary tillage technique and the time of tillage. The stable organic matter content varies on variants and complies with the middle level – in variants with autumn tillage, and with the low level – in variants with spring primary tillage. The degree of humification is weak – in the variant with the autumn ploughing and average in other options of the experience. In Permskii krai, high humus content in active cultivated soil indicates its rapidly increasing humification. The annual deficit is 898 kg/ha, or 1.2% of the total stock of organic matter. The continuation of such deficits can lead to irreversible consequences. The most intensive microbiological activity is observed on options with autumn tillage techniques without soil overturning. Selection and timing of treatment allows regulating the fertility of the soil. Replacing spring and autumn ploughing by alternative techniques provides an increase in yield. Based on the results of our research, an effective technique in South-Taiga subzone of sod-podzolic soils is the application of the autumn subsurface tillage.
Key words: sod-podzolic soils, primary tillage techniques, group composition of organic matter, biological activity, yield.

VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 65-70

LIPID METABOLISM IN PIGS CONSUMING BENTONITE

O.N. Grekhova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
N.A. Pozdniakova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T.S. Maltsev
settlement of Kurgan SAA, Ketovskii district, Kurganskaia oblast 641300 Russia
E-mail: alguna@list.ru

ABSTRACT
The aim of the work was the study of the Zyrianskoe bentonite deposits as mineral additive in feeding weaned pigs to 240 days old and its influence on the digestion of crude fat from the everyday diet, as well as the slaughter quality of animals. The technique of research includes the study of the physiological state of animals by analysis of feces, urine and composition of feed, as well as indicators of the slaughter at the age of 240 days, which were conducted on the Feeding Domestic Animals Department at the Kurgan SAA and at the laboratory of the TO Rospotrebnadzor. As noticed, with age the use of crude fat from animal feed in pigs body is somewhat reduced. It was found that the ratio of crude fat digestibility in piglets at the age of 2-6 months averaged 60-65%, and at the age of 8 months – 44-46%. In the experienced animals it was higher by 1.5-2%. The studies showed that zyrianskii bentonite contributes to an increase in the use of crude fats from the diet in animals. This significantly increases the carcass yield in average by 5-6%, increases muscle size eye by 0.5-1% and girth of hams on average 1-1.5%.
Key words: weaned pigs, bentonite, lipid metabolism, digestibility rate, carcass yield, fat.

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS
OF TESTICULAR NEOPLASIA IN DOGS

S.V. Sedegov, Acting Director of the Research and Training Centre Vetlain
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: gd@parmail.ru

ABSTRACT
Fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange fluorochrome is a highly sensitive diagnostic method and can be widely used in veterinary practice to identify cancer of the testes in male dogs. In fluorescence microscopy of histological slides using the above mentioned fluorochrome, healthy testicular tissue has a peculiar glow. The DNA in such tissue emits a green glow, and RNA – orange, orange-red. When colouring with acridine orange testicular tumors we may note a sharp decline in the number of DNA and increase in RNA of red-orange colour. In the central areas of tumor sites red-orange glow is less than on the periphery of the pathological focus. There should be differential diagnosis between neoplastic diseases, inflammatory processes, and developmental disabilities. Fluorescence microscopy can be used in histologic-pathologic veterinary laboratories in conjunction with traditional light microscopy with differential diagnosis of testicular tumors in dogs.
Key words: fluorescence, microscopy, fluorochrome, testis, tumor.

ECONOMY AND ACCOUNTANCY

pp. 75-81

IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND USE PLANNING IN THE IMPROVEMENT
OF THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS
OF A MUNICIPAL DISTRICT
A.L. Zhelyaskov, Cand.Econ. Sci., Associate Professor,
N.N. Ponosova, Cand.Econ.Sci.,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
23 Petropavlovskaya St, Perm 614990 Russia
E-mail: alzh@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
Implementation of the provisions of the Federal law “On general principles of organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation” dated 06.10.2003 No. 131-FZ has identified the establishment of an appropriate structure of municipalities, in which the settlements are at the lowest level. [2]. The need for the organization of the territories of municipalities, for optimization of the structure of territorial organization of the local government has requested a number of topical tasks. The adopted methodical approach to territorial changes left without attention some important issues such as land resources management of settlements, accounting quantitative and qualitative composition of the land, the organization of territories affected by changes in the structure of the municipalities. Settlements were formed without a proper economic justification and analysis of the social aspect, the integration of existing systems of land tenure. This fact raises the need for improving the size of settlements, adjusting their borders. Issues such as the optimization of land use in the improvement of the territorial organization of formed settlements, achieving sustainability of municipal borders, strengthening their economic base through improved management of land resources require land management measures.
Key words: land management, municipal formation, territories of settlements, land resources, sustainable development of settlements, land management and urban-planning documentation.

pp. 81-86

THE CAUSES OF PRICE FLUCTUATIONS IN ECONOMY OF THE REGION

A.I. Latysheva, Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
3a Lunacharskogo St, Perm 614000 Russia
E-mail: latysheva.pgsha@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to analysis of the current economic conditions and the cause of the price fluctuations (on materials of Permskii Krai). This is the origin of commodity-money relations in Permskii krai at the turn of two centuries. The article has the goal to show the impact of fluctuations in socioeconomic processes in society, make recommendations on price fluctuations in the region, as a condition of development of agrarian sector of the region, creating a competitive advantage in the industry after Russia’s accession to the WTO in the new economic realities. Empirical economic research based on the volumes of data on Permskii krai for a long time give a positive recommendation.
Key words: movement of prices, high economic efficiency, energy saving, problems of economy and ecology, improving the quality of agricultural products.

pp. 86-91

COMPETITION AND STATE AID AS A CONDITION FOR DEVELOPMENT
OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

O.Ya. Starkova, Cand. Econ. Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy
E-mail: Klimova377@mail.ru
3a Lunacharskogo St, Perm 614000 Russia
E-mail: klimova377@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
The article determines the peculiarities of the development of agricultural production in terms of economic sanctions of the United States and countries of the European Union against the Russian Federation in the year 2014. The necessity of sustainable agriculture for food security in Russia is justified. The concept of sustainable development was considered. The author clarified the concept of extensive development and its difference from the intense development. The necessity of intensive development of domestic agriculture was justified. The role of state support and state regulation as a factor of development was determined. The main directions of the state influence on the economy today were called. The author clarified the notion of tax incentives for agricultural production, considered the tax burden and the size of the government support for one of the small agricultural enterprises of Perm region as well as investigated the trend of the total government subsidies for agricultural production, studied the structure of state subsidies at the expense of federal, regional and local budgets. We considered the use of budgets of different levels as state aid. The features of support of individual farms in the state programme for the development of agriculture and management of agricultural markets, raw materials and food products were determined. We also clarified the impact of competition and state aid as a factor for development. Conclusion on the role of small farming in the food security of Permskii krai were given. Necessity of improvement of state support for agricultural production, increasing the share of small business in total volume of state subsidies to the agricultural sector of the economy were justified.
Key words: extensive development, intensive development, sustainable development, governance, food security, the World Trade Organization, grant, forms of management.