AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY

pp. 3-9

EFFECT OF SAPROPELS ON POTATO YIELD AND FERTILITY OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM

A.A. Vasiliev, Cand. Agr. Sci.,
SSI South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato, Chelyabinsk, Russia
E-mail: kartofel_chel@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Field experiments in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals have shown that the application of sapropel deposits as fertilizer for potatoes has a positive effect on soil fertility and yield of tubers. Organic-calcareous sapropel at a dose of 80 t/ha reduced the soil bulk density of 0.05 g/cm3, and the organic sapropel at a dose of 100 t/ha — 0.06 g/cm3. The acidity of the soil while decreasing by 0.18 and 0.10 pH units, and the humus content in the plow layer increased by 0.08 and 0.34%, respectively. Adding 80 t/ha of organic-lime sapropel increased potato yield by 30.4%, and 100 t/ha organic sapropel — 31.9% compared with control.
Key words: potato, organic and calcareous sapropel, organic sapropel, productivity, quality of tubers.


pp. 10-16

THE STUDY OF INNOVATION GRAIN FODDER WINTER RYE WITH
LOW PENTOSANS CONTENT

V. D. Kobylyansky, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor,
O.V. Solodukhina, Dr. Bio. Sci.,
N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, St.-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: osolodukhina@yandex.ru
G.N. Potapova, MSc in Agriculture, I.V. Tkachenko, MSc in Agriculture,
K. A. Galimov, Researcher,
State Scientific Organization Agricultural Research Institute of Ural, Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: uralniishoz@mail.ru
ABSTRACT

Grain of modern varieties of winter rye is used for animal fodder in small quantity. It is connected with content of anti-nutritional matter in grain in high quantity. The most negative influence on fodder digestion is caused by water-soluble pentosans. The content of pentosans in rye grain is in 5-7 times higher than in wheat grain. In the N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, PhD V.D. Kobylyansky made the unique method for receiving sorts of winter rye with low content, on wheat level, of water-soluble pentosans. Creating low-level varieties of rye allows improving fodder base and increase a demand on the rye grain. This research is urgent because of decreasing of sown areas with winter rye. The research will lead to rising competitiveness of this crop.
In the article there is an analysis of the results of studying grain fodder sort of winter rye Yantarnaya, which has no analogues of low-level content (0.53 %) of water-soluble pentosans in a grain; that is a new direction in rye breeding. New sort was studied in field experiments in a comparison with standard sort Parom that contains up to 3% of these matters. Feeding qualities of all-mash, containing 20 % grains of fodder rye instead of wheat, in comparison with an all-mash without rye, was studied in the animal husbandry department of SSO ARIU.
In findings of the research was concluded that new sort Yantarnaya was not worse than sort Parom in productivity, winter resistance and even was better in some household valuable attributes. Baking qualities of Yantarnaya grains do not differ from one in a baking rye. Volume of bread and general valuation were a little higher than valuation of standard sort. Bringing into service of a new rye allowed reducing the amount of fodder necessary for getting 1 kg of pigs’ growth resulting in saving on fodder costs for 8.2%. The experiments have revealed the suitability of new rye variety Yantarnaya for growing on Ural soil and climatic conditions for baking and fodder purposes.
Key words: winter rye, grain fodder rye, breeding, low-level content of water-soluble pentosans in grains, yield capacity, baking quality, pigs’ fodder.


pp. 16-21

OIL FLAX IN THE MIDDLE URALS

А.P. Kolotov, Cand.Agr.Sci.
SRE Ural RIA, Ekaterinburg, Russia
E-mail: Uralnishoz@mail.ru
S.L. Eliseev, Dr.Agr.Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: psaa-eliseev@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

Flax on its biological characteristics may be, along with spring rape, an important technical crop of the Middle Urals and the Urals. Effective way to solve the problem of expansion of its acreage is the selection of varieties that are better adapted to the conditions of the region. For this purpose, we conducted environmental tests of seven linseed varieties during the field experiment in the Sverdlovsk region and four varieties — at competitive strain testing in the Permskii krai. The mid-ripening variety Severnyi provides the highest yield in warm and hot, mostly dry years, forming the average seed yield of 2.43 t/ha in the Sverdlovsk region and 0.92 t/ha – in the Permskii krai. Unlike other varieties Severnyi has the greatest genetic flexibility, high homeostasis and low productivity scale, indicating the stability of its yield. Indicator marker of high productivity varieties of flax in the Middle Preduralie and the Middle Urals can be a high mass of 1000 seeds.
Key words: flax, cultivar, yield, genetic flexibility, adaptiveness, mass of 1000 seeds.


AGRO-ENGINEERING

pp. 22-27

ON THE LAWS OF INTEGRAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS IN THE D.I. MENDELEEV PERIODIC SYSTEM

V.S. Koshman, Cand. Ing. Sci., Associate Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: kaftog@pgsha.ru

ABSTRACT

Increasing the accuracy of estimation of the thermal state of designed structures today is very important. The solution to this problem is directly related to the need to improve the reliability of knowledge on thermo-physical characteristics of substances and materials.
Noted that in order to overcome existing difficulties it is necessary to generalize the accumulated experimental data and the reliance on the periodic law by D.I. Mendeleev. There was proposed an integral characteristic of the thermal properties of substances and materials, reflecting their ability to expand, accumulate and transport energy in the form of heat. This feature is tested on the basis of known experimental data on mono- and polycrystalline of high purity – the elements of the periodic system. Established separate empirical regularities allow us to hope that the proposed integral characteristic is of both scientific and practical interest.
Key words: specific heat, thermal conductivity, density, thermal properties of the integral characteristic, mono — and polycrystalline, periodic law, credibility.


BOTANY AND SOIL SCIENCE

pp. 28-38

COLOUR AND SOIL HYDROMORPHISM IN THE PERMSKII KRAI

А.А. Vasiliev, Cand. Agr.Sci.
А.V. Romanova, Cand. Bio.Sci.;
V.Iu. Gilev, Cand.Agr.Sci.
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: Kf.pochv.pgsh@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT

Objects of research are floodplain soils and zonal soils with diverse degrees of hydromorphism. These soils formed on different parent rock materials: modern alluvium, cover eluvial and diluvial deposits, eluvium of Permian clays, deluvium.
The purpose of research is assessment of the hydromorphism impact on the colour of soils in the Permskii krai.
The article contains the results of measuring the soil colour with using the CIE-L*a*b* spectrophotometric system. We studied 16 soil profiles on different geomorphological positions of relief. The following optical indices: degree of redness a*, yellowness b*, lightness L* — have been determined quantitatively in samples of soil pit-run fines from genetic horizons and parent rock materials of each profile. The effect of the hydromorphism on colour indices of alluvial soils in transects of the Kama, the Obva and the Upper Mulyanka floodplains and zonal soils of catenas in the catchment areas of the Ilinskii, the Permskii and the Karagaiskii districts of the Permskii krai has been identified.
Assessment of hydromorphism impact on soils colour carried out according to index of red colour R (Lab), redness-to-yellowness ratio a*/b* and the absolute values of redness degree a*. Temporary overmoistening of soils and recovery phase of floodplains deposits accumulation reduce the size of all used estimated figures. High degree of redness of the Permskii krai soils appears on land wastes of red Permian clays. The main red soil pigment — hematite αFe2O3 do not destroyed on well-drained elements of the relief, but iron reduction in the composition of red hematite and its transformation into yellow hematite δFeOOH occurs in low relief elements of transects and catenas.
Key words: soil, gleization, colour optical indices, transect, catena, floodplain, Permian clay.


pp. 38-43

DISCOVERY OF THE WHEAT EMBRYO AUTONOMY AS A STAGE OF
ELABORATION OF EXPRESS-DIAGNOSTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR
OBTAINING DROUGHT-RESISTANT SAMPLES

N. N. Kruglova, Dr. Bio.Sci.
Ufa Research Centre RAS Institute of Biology, Ufa, Russia
E-mail: Kruglova@anrb.ru

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the work consisted of the detection of the embryo autonomy stage in 10 hybrid combinations of spring soft wheat to the further elaboration to obtain drought-resistant samples. In the experimental conditions of embryo culture in vitro by using the hormone-free nutrition medium it was shown that the formed embryo (20 days after pollination, 2.1-2.2 mm of length) characterized by availability of all typical cereal embryo organs is in keeping with the stage of autonomy.
Key words: biotechnology, culture in vitro, embryo autonomy, drought-resistant, spring soft wheat, Triticum aestivum L.


pp. 43-49

POLLEN ANALYSIS OF HONEY AND POLLEN OF APIARY IN THE VILLAGE STARIY BISER OF THE GORNOZAVODSKY DISTRICT (PERMSKII KRAI)

L.V. Novoselova, Dr.Bio.Sci., Associate Professor,
I.V. Karpovich, Engineer-Researcher
Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
E-mail: Novoselova@psu.ru

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to identify botanical composition and to compare samples of honey and pollen in different periods of honey flow from the apiary in the village Stariy Biser of the Gornozavodsky district in 2012 – 2013. Location of apiary is interesting because there is no major sown area within a radius of more than 100 km, as well as the fact that in this area Tilia does not grow, which, as you know, is one of the best honey plant. Honey and pollen samples were collected from the apiary at the end of each month from May to August in 2012 — 2013 (spring, early summer, summer and late summer periods of honey flow). 8 samples of honey and 8 samples of pollen were investigated. More than 500 pollen grains were calculated in each sample. During two years of research in samples of honey and pollen as a result of pollen analysis has been found 41 varieties of pollen grains of which 23 varieties were found in honey and in pollen (Rubus, Sorbus, Leonurus, Padus), 11 varieties were found only in honey (Myosotis, Trollius, Polemonium coeruleum), 7 species — only in samples of pollen (Caryophyllaceae, Corydalis, Pulmonaria). Representatives of the family Rosaceae are major sources of nectar and pollen for almost the entire period of honey flow as honey harvest in 2012 and in 2013. Despite the observed abundance of flowering plants near the apiary during the period of honey flow, the results of pollen analysis of samples of honey and pollen indicate that bees collect nectar and pollen primarily from one or two species of honey plants. Samples of honey and pollen, selected in the one period of honey flow are of little difference in composition of pollen grains. This means that most of the plants serve for bees simultaneously a source of nectar and pollen.
Key words: analysis of pollen, honey, pollen, pollen grains, honey flow, pollen sources.


pp. 50-60

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS OF THE NATURE RESERVE BASEGI

I.A. Samofalova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: samofalovairaida@mail.ru
О.А. Luzaynina, Degree-Seeker,
Moskow State University, Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT

The soil cover is a system of rare and standard soils. Questions of genesis and geography soil of mountain areas are explored, but partitions of classification and systematization of these soils are worse explored. The purpose is to determine the morphological characteristics of mountain soils of the reserve and to determine their classification status. The studies were conducted in the reserve in 2009-2012. Soil inspect conducted on the basic elements of the relief from a height of 955 m (mountain tundra zone) to 315 m (mountain forest zone). Along the southern, eastern and western slopes 64 full cuts are mortgaged. At the reserve formed soils of different soil genesis (primary, postlitogenic, organogenic and sinlitogenic). 8 departments of soil are allocated within which defined types (21) and subtypes. Totally, 35 varieties of soils are allocated in the Mount North Basegi. Knowledge of the classification provisions of the mountain soils is necessary for determination of the structure of soil cover and carrying out mapping and compilation of the soil map for the territory of the reserve Basegi.
Key words: classification, mountain soils, soil genesis, diagnosis and properties of soils, nature reserve.


VETERINARY AND ZOOTECHNY

pp. 61-67

ANTI-FOOD FACTOR OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN SWINE NUTRITION

O.N. Grekhova, Associate Professor
Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T.S. Maltsev, v. Lesnikovo, Kurganskaia oblast, Russia
E-mail: alguna@list.ru

ABSTRACT

This article is devoted to the problem of mineral metabolism, which can be traced through the presence in feed an anti food factor — deterrence assimilation of feed nutrients. The aim of the work was to study the bentonite Zyryansky deposit as a mineral additive in feeding pigs up to 120 days of age and its impact on the understanding of basic minerals — calcium and phosphorus. Methodology of research includes the study of the physiological state of animals’ fecal analysis of urine, blood and feed composition, which were carried out at the Department of Feeding of the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy and Animal Laboratory TO Rospotrebnadzor. Based on these experiments, it was found that the percentage of digestibility of calcium bentonite increased up to 51, and phosphorus – up to 41. This factor decreased anti-food mineral metabolism by 3 — 5%. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus was perceived by the body of animals common criteria — 1/1.2. This study completed the study of the status of the blood of pigs. Analysis of red and white blood showed an increase in saturation mineral and protein elements that proves the increase immunology weanlings. Studies have shown that ZYRJANIAN bentonite reduces anti-food status feed, since it contains all the micro and macro elements in the divalent state; it is in the form in which they circulate through the body’s circulatory system.
Key words: suckling piglets, mineral metabolism, bentonite, calcium metabolism, exchangeable phosphorus.


ECONOMY AND ACCOUNTANCY

pp. 68-73

THE WTO AND REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

O.Ia. Starkova, Cand. Agr. Sci., Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: Klimova337@mail.ru
ABSTRACT

The practice of state support for agricultural production in foreign countries associated with customs and tax regulation is considered. The characteristic of the system of support for agriculture in the Russian Federation has developed in the period of transition to a market economy. The historical experience of Russian cooperation between state bodies and private businesses in addressing the development of agricultural production is outlined; positive and negative features of the command system of agricultural management are defined. The conditions on which the Russian Federation has received access to the World Trade Organization, are considered under international agreements ways to support the state of the agricultural sector.
Measures of state participation in the framework of the “yellow», «blue» and «green» baskets are differentiated. The amount of state support from the budget of agricultural production in the near future is determined. The features of the regional agricultural support policies in the Permskii krai and the direction of its development are analyzed. Measures to reform state support farmers offered by our scientists are studied. Recommendations on the development of new public policies regulating agricultural production, which had not previously been used, but which can be mastered, because they do not conflict with the rules of the World Trade Organization.
Key words: the World Trade Organization, «amber box», «green box», «blue basket», government regulation, government support, tax incentives, subsidies, agricultural production, the Pension Fund.


pp. 74-78

APPLICATION OF SMART ANALYSIS IN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
OF AN AGRO-ENTERPRISE

V.A. Shishkina, Senior Teacher
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
A.N. Kozlov, Cand. Eng. Sci., Professor
Perm State Agricultural Academy
E-mail: werkax@rambler.ru

ABSTRACT

Topicality and ability to apply the smart data analysis methods for forecasting processes with the aim to enhance management effectiveness have been founded in the paper. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) technology lies in the ground of smart analysis. Before applying smart data analysis methods in enterprises, an important problem ought to be solved; all data ought to be consolidated in one location in the frame of unified programming decision, this is – to arrange data repository. The example of data analysis – diesel fuel consumption in an agro-enterprise – and the example of forecasting using the analytical platform Deductor have been given. Technologies implemented in Deductor enable going through all stages of constructing analytical system: creating data warehouse, computer-aided model selection for analysis and visualization of received analysis results. More than 3.5 thousand diesel fuel sell transactions (receipts) were processed for the period January 2010 – April 2012. The data processing scenario was developed, mathematical model was gained, and forecasting for forthcoming periods was done by means of analytical platform. Error estimation was conducted; for one forthcoming month it amounted -2.5%, and for three months the forecast error arranged +4.9%. Increase of error is determined by the fact that for the period of initial data (01.01.2010 – 01.04.2012) the forecast can be composed only for 1-2 forthcoming months. So based on the forecast it is possible to found the need for diesel fuel for forthcoming periods more precisely avoiding serious excess or lack. Therefore, the effectiveness of management decisions and financial expenditure increases. The methods can be applied for other analysis objects as well, basing on impartial and wide past experience, not on subjective experience of particular specialists.
Key words: smart data analysis, Data Mining, forecasting, neural network, agro-enterprise management.


pp. 79-86

NEW DIRECTIONS OF AGRARIAN POLICY
UNDER THE WTO CONDITIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PERMSKII KRAI)

T.M. Yarkova, Cand.Econ.Sci, Associate Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: tanyayarkova@yandex.ru
A.G. Svetlakov, Dr. Econ. Sci., Professor,
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia

ABSTRACT

The current state of one of the main components of agro — industrial complex of agriculture at the regional level — is considered in this article. Along with this, the authors have examined some of the terms of Russia’s membership in the WTO on agriculture allowing us to define a new course of agrarian policy for the future. Special attention is paid to the legal documents for the last (2008-2012) and real time periods laid in the basis of many of the instruments of agricultural policy. The actual results of activity of objects of agriculture of the problematic aspects should be taken into account. The authors stress that taking into account the requirements of the world market of food and agricultural raw materials there is a need to introduce different directions of agrarian policy. The article contains the main key stakeholders in the implementation of the state program of development of agriculture in the light of the regulatory-legal documents at regional and state level and the conditions of the world Trade Organization in relation to agriculture. Along with this, the authors stress that taking into account the reduction of the state support of agrarians to 2018 need in search of innovative methods of support that may apply to a non-specific support, according to the WTO rules and are aimed at providing the poor with food or formation of food stocks. Realization in such directions in the modern agricultural policy will increase the efficiency of development of agricultural sector and also will have indirect impact on the socio-economic situation of rural areas and in the whole region.
Key words: agro-industrial complex, agriculture, the state program of agricultural policy, food security, state support.